对农村公共物品供给机制的思考

农村公共物品供给水平是衡量农村经济、社会发展的一个重要指标。高效充足的农村公共物品供给对减轻农民负担,对推进新农村建设具有重要的意义。但由于多方面的原因,农村公共物品供给长期面临着总量不足、结构失衡和效率低下的困境,已成为制约我国农村经济社会发展的瓶颈问题。解决这一问题,就必须对供给机制进行改革,建立农村公共物品供给的长效机制。     

我国农村公共物品管理研究的现状与趋势

实现农村公共物品有效供给是解决长期困扰农村经济社会健康发展的城乡二元结构问题的根本手段。针对我国农村公共物品管理存在的方方面面的问题,相关文献从供给或是需求角度运用理论、模型或者调研等各种方法对农村公共物品现状做了不同的阐释。现有文献主要有两个局限性,一是在研究方法上重定性而轻定量;二是在研究内容上立脚点以供给为主,而从需求主体角度对农村公共物品的分析较少,还有很多尚需研究的问题等待我们解答。     

我国农村公共物品供给的法律制度研究

农村公共物品供给同"三农"问题息息相关,其供给状况直接关系到农业增产、农民增收和农村繁荣,但是在当前,我国的农村公共物品供给存在着诸多问题,使得我国现有的供给法律制度无法发挥其应有作用,如何构建符合我国实际的、完善的法律制度对这一问题进行有效规制,是我们当前必须要解决的重大理论和现实问题。     

云南农村社区准公共物品供给研究

农村准公共物品供给显现出贴近民生、巨大的正外部效应、机制灵活等特点,是解决三农问题的基石,是农村经济快速发展的必要保障。云南省作为一个农业大省,在农村准公共物品的供给上还存在很多问题和改进空间,对云南农村社区准公共物品供给进行研究对云南省农区经济发展具有重要的意义。     

我国农村公共物品供给问题研究文献概览

研究农村公共物品有效供给问题对解决"三农"问题具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文介绍了国内学者关于此问题的研究成果,认为对农村公共物品进行多元化治理的模式值得肯定。     

我省新农村建设与农村公共产品供给体制创新研究

随着我省社会主义新农村建设的逐步深入开展,农村公共物品的供给能够适应需求.但是,农村公共物品供给总量严重不足,供给结构失衡,供给效率低下,已经成为制约广大农村地区经济快速增长的主要因素.立足从供给主体上、供给制度方面、供给结构进行农村公共产品供给体制改革已是迫在眉睫.     

我省新农村建设与农村公共产品供给体制创新研究

随着我省社会主义新农村建设的逐步深入开展，农村公共物品的供给能够适应需求。但是，农村公共物品供给总量严重不足，供给结构失衡，供给效率低下，已经成为制约广大农村地区经济快速增长的主要因素。立足从供给主体上、供给制度方面、供给结构进行农村公共产品供给体制改革已是迫在眉捷。     

从效率角度分析我国农村公共物品的政府供给

本文基于我国农村公共物品大都由政府提供的情况,分析了目前我国农村公共物品政府供给效率低的原因主要是缺乏市场竞争机制及政府机关存在官僚主义和权力寻租行为,提出应从引入市场竞争机制和规范政府行为两个方面来提高我国农村公共物品的供给效率。     

民生视角下我国农村地区公共物品供给分析——以农村消防资源供给为例

我国提倡建设社会主义新农村以来,农村公共物品供给中存在的问题日益凸显,政府单一供给受经费不足及体制不健全等多方面的因素制约已经越来越不能满足新时期农民的需求。长时间以来,我国农村消防问题一直没有得到根本性的解决,很大程度上危害到农民的生命财产安全,制约了农村的经济发展。文章以农村消防资源供给为例,分析当前我国农村公共物品供给中存在的一些问题,并针对性的提出一些对策和建议。     

我国农村公共物品供给的现实困境及其模式重构

现阶段,解决农村公共物品的供给困境对于促进农村经济社会发展,建设社会主义新农村具有重要意义。本文在分析我国农村公共物品单一供给模式的基础上,指出构建多主体,多方式和多渠道共存的多元供给模式是解决目前农村公共物品供给困境的合理选择。     

我国农民体育公共产品供给的激励问题研究

论文分析了农民体育公共产品的供给概念,政府提供农民体育公共产品上存在供给效率低下的问题,由此引出农民体育公共产品供给的激励问题分析,设计好农民体育公共产品的激励机制是解决农民体育发展问题的关键。     

Preference for rural living environment improvement initiatives in China

The Chinese government has launched the Rural Living Environment Improvement Initiative (RLEII) to solve the poor living conditions in rural areas. The initiative enhances rural greenery; provides sanitary toilets; and promotes proper disposal of animal manure, sewage, and household waste in rural areas. We collected data using in-person interviews with 938 rural residents in Xinjiang, China, to elicit their preference, preference intensity, and preference heterogeneity for RLEII. Results indicated that rural residents prefer to see shortcomings of the RLEII addressed. Rural greening construction is identified with the highest preference intensity. We also find significant heterogeneity in rural residents' preferences for each attribute of RLEII. The preference heterogeneity is rooted in the region's economic condition (poor vs. nonpoor region). It is essential to understand rural residents' choice for rural public goods supply and to respect their preference intensity, sequence, and heterogeneity for RLEII to enhance the implementation performance. We discuss the implications of these findings.     

公共财政框架下的农村养老保险制度建设研究

农村养老保险规定和完善着公共财政的职能范围;公共财政是农村养老保险的制度依托和物质基础,财政主体的权力结构、制度的包容性、法制化决定着养老保险制度的可持续性发展。我国要实现公共财政与农村养老保险之间的制度性耦合,需要根据农村养老保险的产品属性清晰界定公共财政的职责权限,规范公共财政各主体之间的权力资源配置,吸纳多元主体,共同参与农村养老保险事业的建设。     

Manufacturing and Rural Economies in the United States: The Role of Nondurable Producers, Labor Costs and State Taxes

This paper investigates the preferences of manufacturers in deciding whether to locate in metropolitan or nonmetropolitan (rural) areas. Using 1997 state-level data and OLS regression estimation, it was determined that nondurable goods manufacturers prefer rural areas, while durable goods manufacturers are indifferent as to area. However, both sets of manufacturers prefer to locate in larger states. Wage rates are not significant in the regressions, while durable manufacturers appear sensitive to state taxes. Some policy conclusions for local economic developers are derived from these findings.     

Price Scissors, Rationing, and Coercion: An Extended Framework for Understanding Primitive Socialist Accumulation

This paper re-examines the current debate on price scissors based on an extended framework, in which the production and trade of industrial consumer goods within the rural sector is incorporated. It confirms that in the economy considered by Preobrazhensky, consumer rationing, especially of industrial goods in rural areas, is prevalent. Under the binding rationing the price response of agricultural surplus cannot be determined theoretically. This finding reopens the field for empirical investigation. The paper identifies the conditions that guarantee the validity of Preobrazhenshy's two propositions: (1) the state can increase its capital accumulation by moving the terms of trade against peasants, and (2) the urban workers need not necessarily suffer therefrom. It demonstrates that in order to ensure the validity of these two propositions, besides the need to assume positive price response of agricultural surplus and of labour force input, food rationing in urban areas and the rationing of major industrial consumer goods in rural areas are essentially required. As a consequence, the paper suggests that the price-scissors type of regulation would induce the state's coercion on peasants to collect their food surplus. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND INTER-JURISDICTIONAL COMPETITION

The European Union does not set its regulatory principles in line with those that the theory of public goods suggests. The Union does not have full competence in areas such as defence that might involve public goods over a Europe-wide area. Yet it does have competence over many areas that should be left to member states or local government. However, if competition between jurisdictions is prevented, there will be a drift towards centralisation of economic decision-making. This paper analyses this trend from the point of view of the theory of clubs and theories of market failure.     

四川省城乡公共服务均等化实证研究

近年来,城乡公共服务非均等化发展受到了社会的广泛关注.本文在界定公共服务均等化内涵的基础上,运用熵值法和Topsis多指标综合评价法,从城乡公共服务发展差距和农村公共服务发展水平两个方面,对四川省城乡公共服务均等化现状进行实证分析,为缩小城乡差距,实现公共服务均等化战略目标提供现实基础.     

城乡统筹背景下的农村市政公用设施建设

我国农村市政公用设施建设滞后,农村市政公用设施建设中仍然存在着财政投入不足、管理与维护落后、建设标准缺失、建设严重滞后等问题。加快农村市政公用设施建设对推进我国社会主义新农村建设意义重大。为此,本文提出加快推进城乡一体化进程、加大资金投入力度、发挥农民在农村建设中的主体作用,制定因地制宜、分类指导的建设方针以及加强农村市政公用设施的维护管理等意见和建议,加快农村市政公用设施建设进程。