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1.
Both mainstream economics and its critics have focused on models of individual rational agents even though most important
decisions are made by small groups. Little systematic work has been done to study the behavior of small groups as decision-making
agents in markets and other strategic games. This may limit the relevance of both economics and its critics to the objective
of developing an understanding of how most important decisions are made. In order to gain some insight into this issue, this
paper compares group and individual economic behavior. The objective of the research is to learn whether there are systematic
differences between decisions made by groups and individual agents in market environments characterized by risky outcomes.
A quantitative measure of deviation from minimally-rational decisions is used to compare group and individual behavior in
common value auctions.
JEL Classification D44, C91, C92 相似文献
2.
Product differentiation and competitive selection 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Serguei Kaniovski 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2005,15(5):567-580
By studying the effect of different patterns of demand in an evolutionary selection model this paper shows how product differentiation
reduces competitive selection pressure and thus increases the chances for the coexistence of firms. With the example of a
duopoly it shows that: (1) a monopoly is the likely outcome of competition in homogeneous products, (2) although product differentiation
does not preclude a monopoly it greatly improves the chances for the stable coexistence of firms in the long run, and (3)
the more differentiated the products, the more stable the duopoly.
JEL Classification:
B52, L11
This study has benefited from insightful comments and suggestions of two anonymous referees as well as from discussions with
Michael Peneder, Werner H?lzl, and Harry Bloch. I would also like to thank Dennis C. Mueller and Gustav Feichtinger for supervising
my doctoral thesis preceding this paper. 相似文献
3.
Knowledge, hierarchy and the selection of routines: an interpretative model with group interactions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this paper is to analyze the selection of routines inside an organizational structure characterized by different cognitive representations and facing hierarchical pressure leading to either truce or conflict. After a brief discussion of the role of hierarchy and the related problems of organizational practice selection in the evolutionary literature, we model the interactions between different groups within a firm trying to interfere with its coordination mechanisms in order to support their own practices. Numerical simulations highlight the different learning abilities present in various organizational set-ups and their related knowledge distribution. It is shown that networking designs are the most profitable organizational configurations because of their dynamics of learning, though they are very sensitive to the truce problem.JEL Classification:
L14, L20, L22, B52, D83Correspondence to: Nathalie Lazaric 相似文献
4.
设备选型的技术经济分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
肖冰 《技术经济与管理研究》2007,(5):27-28
在企业建设和发展过程中,设备选型是一个重要环节,制定先进、适用、合理的设备选型方法,是企业设备管理部门的重要任务.论文从技术和经济两个方面阐述了设备选型应遵循的原则,并进行了方案选择的技术经济分析,为企业设备选择提供了经济可行的方法. 相似文献
5.
In this evolutionary model, random shocks create differences in the rate of return on capital, while individual saving and investment behavior can reduce these differences over time. Firms with either low total factor productivity (TFP) or a low average return on capital are selected for exit, and new firms enter to take their place. As would be expected, a higher turnover rate improves TFP and reduces its variation. While we show that a higher turnover rate would result in a more positively skewed TFP distribution if exit selection is based directly upon TFP, we find that when we select firms for exit based on their average product of capital, the marginal impact of a higher turnover rate is to more negatively skew the TFP distribution. Overall, our simulations highlight the importance of considering the role selection may play in shaping the distribution of productivity when econometricians seek estimates of firm inefficiency.
相似文献
Elliott ParkerEmail: |
6.
Moshe Buchinsky 《Empirical Economics》2001,26(1):87-113
This study uses quantile regression techniques to analyze changes in the returns to education for women. The data used is the March Current Population Survey for the years 1968, 1973, 1979, 1986 and 1990. The first step in estimating the single (linear) index selection equation uses Ichimura's (1993) semiparametric procedure. To correct for an unknown form of a sample selection bias in the quantile regression, the second step incorporates a nonparametric method, using an idea similar to one developed by Heckman (1980) and Newey (1991) for mean regression, and Buchinsky (1998) for quantile regression. The results show that: (a) the returns to education increased enormously for the younger cohorts, but very little for the older cohorts; (b) in general the returns are higher at the lower quantiles in the beginning of the sample period and higher at the higher quantiles by the end of the sample period; (c) there is a significant sample selection bias for all age groups at almost all quantiles; (d) toward the end of the sample period there is a significant convergence of the returns at the various quantiles, especially for the younger cohorts and age groups; and (e) the semiparametric estimates of the selection equation are considerably different from those obtained for a parametric probit model. 相似文献
7.
The Review of Austrian Economics - Hayek was among the first to realize that for intertemporal equilibrium to obtain all agents must have correct expectations of future prices. Before comparing... 相似文献
8.
In some of their papers published in the 1950s, Herbert Simonand Sidney Siegel responded to the so-called mixed strategyanomaly in ways which deserve more attention. They producednot only (i) immediate defences of the economic theory of theirown time, but also (ii) ideas and solutions that have laterturned out to be significant contributions to the developmentof the economic theory of choice and decision-making and theseparation of experimental economics from experimental psychology.These observations suggest that economics can be more responsiveto empirical anomalies than has been assumed. Furthermore, knowledgeof the desirable responsiveness to anomalies can provide meansof avoiding the non-desirable immunity to anomalies. 相似文献
9.
城市空间结构反映了城市的现实生活,也诠释着城市的演绎历史。优化城市空间结构是优化城市功能的重要手段。滨州作为黄蓝两区重要的节点城市,必须进一步放大空间位势,提升城市空间能级,进而优化城市功能。对滨州城市空间扩展进行探讨,有助于全面理解和把握滨州城市空间结构的演化规律,因地制宜地调整城市发展战略。影响空间结构的除城市发展之外,还有其他因素,如城市品牌建设和人口规模等原因。 相似文献
10.
基坑方案的设计直接影响着基坑工程的投资规模、生产成本和经济效益的高低,也影响着施工管理方案的制定,其优化设计更是深基坑工程的重要环节。基坑设计方案受许多因素的影响,因而也需要从多个角度去评价方案的优劣。基坑设计方案的优化实质上是实现多重目标的最优,必须运用基于多重目标的模糊综合评价法去评价一个方案的好坏,即用模糊数学对受到多种因素制约的事物或对象做出一个总体的评价。本文将以武汉创世纪广场基坑工程为例,应用多目标模糊优选理论,研究深基坑工程方案的优选。 相似文献
11.
试论中国产业结构的问题与优化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
20世纪90年代以来,世界各国都加快了产业结构调整与优化的步伐,我国的经济体制改革也亟待向纵深推进,因为产业结构的国内现状已成为制约经济增长的"瓶颈"。面对着种种挑战,我国应该在尊重本国国情的基础上,结合国际产业结构的发展趋势,从分析国内产业结构的现状入手,最终实现产业结构的优化。 相似文献
12.
ZHANG Fu-jie 《中国经济评论(英文版)》2009,8(1):49-54
In this paper, the evolvement and the actual state of industrial structure in Guizhou was expounded. And the character and the existent issue of industrial structure in Guizhou were analyzed. The guideline and idea and goal about the adjustment of industrial structure in Guizhou were also put forward. 相似文献
13.
This paper constructs a two-sector environmental growth model with explicit mathematical derivation and economic intuition in a social planning economy. Through the optimal allocation of man-made capital between the production sector and the environmental sector, this paper shows that the trade-off between economic growth and environmental protection exists only when an economy deviates from its steady state. We also provide short-run transitions for both the whole economic system and individual control and state variables. In addition, technological progress in the production sector benefits economic growth rate while the improvement of technology in the environmental sector has only level effects on economic variables. This paper ends with a link between the theory and a hot empirical issue — the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. 相似文献
14.
Michelle C. Baddeley 《Empirica》2006,33(5):329-350
This paper assesses business investment appraisal techniques and expectations formation. The paper begins with a comparative analysis of the links between fixed asset investment theories and real world investment appraisal techniques, focusing on the underlying assumptions about rationality and expectations. In the empirical sections, these ideas are tested via an analysis of business behaviour based upon survey evidence from a sample of Cambridgeshire manufacturing firms. The statistical analysis focuses on hypothesis testing, ordered probit estimations and simulations. The evidence presented reveals that whilst conventional production function analysis does provide some explanatory power in describing the objective determinants of firm investment activity, subjective and behavioural factors are also important.The author is grateful to Geoff Harcourt, Philip Arestis and an anonymous referee for their encouraging advice and suggestions. 相似文献
15.
Chris Fuller 《Review of social economy》2013,71(4):443-454
In the Spring 1998 (56(1): 47-57) and Fall 1998 (56(3): 295-306, 307-310) issues of this review, Howard Sherman and Geoffrey Hodgson debated, inter alia , the extent to which Veblen-Ayres institutionalism is compatible with Marx and recent Marxist work. This paper argues that the differences between Hodgson and Sherman"s positions do not rely on assumptions of "illogical" behavior, individualist arguments or structural conceptions of the individual. Instead, the debate turns on the authors' respective conceptions of the formation and role of the human mind in what it is to be a social individual. 相似文献
16.
When working with micro data on consumer demand, there are many different situations where decisions involve only discrete choices. In this context, conditions under which an underlying rational preference structure exists are derived. Moreover, by introducing flexibility into the model, it is possible to identify nonrational behavior in the sample. 相似文献
17.
产业结构的调整与优化能促进福建省经济健康、快速发展,因此对福建省产业结构进行深入分析具有十分重要的实际意义。结合定性和定量的方法,对福建省产业结构加以分析,并在此基础上总结出福建省产业结构的特点和存在的问题,提出福建省产业结构优化的基本思路和重要举措。 相似文献
18.
本文通过直接的问卷调查形式对我国的建筑工程业中价格是否作为承包商选择的唯一标准问题进行研究,研究对象包括各种类型的项目开发商和普通消费者。研究结果表明,在缺乏直接衡量标准时,企业仍然以价格作为最重要的衡量标准。而消费者在人均收入较低的情况下,对价格因素也很敏感。但随着社会经济条件的变化,收入的增加,这种敏感度在下降,对承包商的选择标准有从单一的价格指标向多指标转变的趋势。 相似文献
19.
Neil Rankin 《Portuguese Economic Journal》2007,6(3):133-150
We show that when a model of the macroeconomy is based on imperfect, rather than perfect, competition, this may increase the
problem of how to model agents’ expectations. We provide a simple example using an overlapping-generations economy with the
potential for unemployment. Under certain assumptions about how consumers migrate between locations between the first and
second periods of their lives, this extra issue regarding expectations arises. Imperfect competition may increase agents’
forecasting difficulties because they have to forecast not only future equilibrium prices, but also future out-of-equilibrium
prices, and by definition the latter are never actually observed.
相似文献
Neil RankinEmail: |
20.
Jouni Paavola 《Review of social economy》2013,71(2):227-248
The article examines individual action informed by ethical concerns for the environment as a strategy for moving toward more sustainable consumption. The article first employs a model of rational choice to analyze independent consumer choices among the usually assumed self- and welfare-centered consumers and then expands the model to analyze the implications of other than self- and welfare-centered motivations for consumer choice. The article next analyzes interdependent consumer choices informed by self- and welfare-centered values with the help of a simple game-theoretic model and then moves on to examine the implications of nonutilitarian environmental concerns for interdependent consumer choice in the same game-theoretic framework. The article concludes that although a strategy based on individual action may have limited promise when environmental concerns are widely shared, the case for collective action remains strong because of both efficiency and equity reasons. 相似文献