研发国际化趋势下我国技术创新模式选择

技术创新能力一直是制约发展中国家经济增长和提升企业国际竞争力的因素之一。目前绝大多数发展中国家尝试通过吸引跨国公司研发投资来实现自身的技术跨越式发展。然而,跨国公司的研发国际化对东道国技术创新是一把“双刃剑”,选择怎样的技术创新模式来实现东道国利益的最大化就成为重要的研究课题。本文认为研发国际化趋势下我国应采取自主创新为主、模仿与合作创新为辅的组合模式。     

安徽省中小企业技术创新模式选择

研发国际化作为跨国公司全球竞争战略已逐渐显现，这种战略既给东道国带来了良好的发展机遇，也带来了巨大的挑战。本文从安徽省中小企业发展现状入手，分析了研发国际化背景下安徽省中小企业技术创新的特点和趋势，提出适合安徽省情的中小企业技术创新模式，并为实现技术创新目标模式提供政策建议。     

跨国公司研发国际化对我国技术创新的影响

研发国际化作为跨国公司全球竞争新战略正逐渐显现，这种战略既给东道国带来了良好的机遇，也带来了巨大挑战。本文时跨国公司研发国际化趋势以及跨国公司在华研发现状做出总结，分析了跨国公司国际化特别是在华跨国公司研发本土化对我国技术创新的影响，并提出了相应的政策建议。     

论跨国公司在发展中东道国的技术溢出效应

技术进步是一国经济增长的关键因素。发展中国家因自身技术创新能力的限制,需要重视利用技术扩散来促进本国技术水平的提高和经济的快速发展。在经济全球化的今天,跨国公司在发展中东道国的技术溢出的作用变得越来越重要。从溢出途径、效果和制约因素方面研究跨国公司在发展中东道国的技术溢出效应,能够提出发展中国家促进并有效利用技术溢出效应的相应策略。     

跨国公司研发国际化对安徽省技术创新的影响及对策

伴随着经济全球化的深入发展,跨国公司研发国际化发展迅速,研发投资国际化的问题也受到了人们越来越多的关注。跨国公司在安徽省投资研发具有研发投资意向增长迅速、倾向设立非独立法人形式的研发机构、研发投资倾向于高新开发区等特点。探讨跨国公司研发国际化对安徽省技术创新的影响,针对研发国际化背景,明确政府职能,加大金融支持,增强自主技术创新能力,加快科技成果转化,形成技术扩散的集聚效应,推进安徽省技术创新的发展。     

研发国际化对发展中东道国的挤出效应——基于中国工业行业面板数据研究

基于2003—2010年中国工业行业的面板数据,采用Malmquist生产率指数法研究工业行业的技术效率与技术进步,并用研发国际化等因素对这些指数作实证分析,结果表明:跨国公司的研发投入提高了东道国的技术水平,却降低了东道国的技术效率;东道国的自主研发投入并没有提高技术水平,但对技术效率的提高是有利的,从而对全要素生产率表现为正向作用。总体来看,跨国公司研发挤出了东道国公司的研发资源,对东道国的研发是一种逆向溢出。     

跨国公司新设投资和横向并购的博奔分析

跨国公司为实现其外部扩张或成长，在新设投资和横向并购两种实施方案之间该如何进行选择？文章围绕这一问题，在一定的假设前提下，通过建立豪泰林模型来研究跨国公司和东道国公司之间的博弈情形，并在不同的条件下分别求解跨国公司进入东道国的最优模式。     

引进跨国公司研发中心的政策研究

本文以跨国公司向海外研发投资问题为主要研究对象,分析了东道国吸引跨国公司研发中心的决定因素。文章采用了一些美国跨国公司海外研发投资的数据,对影响跨国公司在海外建立研发中心的因素展开了实证研究。结果表明:东道国的国内生产总值,东道国的基础设施和技术资源是影响跨国公司研发投资选择建立研发中心的关键因素,并提出了引进跨国公司研发中心的具体政策建议。     

跨国公司研发活动全球化的成因、策略与组织形式选择分析

主要分析了跨国公司研发活动全球化的成因、发展策略以及组织形式选择。一个重要观点是,假设跨国公司研发活动的组织形式依赖于东道国的投资环境(尤其是法律环境);东道国政府能够通过跨国公司研发活动的外溢促进本国经济发展。但同时,当东道国努力改善跨国公司的投资环境,以吸引促进本国经济增长的投资时,跨国公司则可能采取不利于东道国学习的组织形式。     

跨国并购、新建投资与企业技术创新

通过模型分析，本文发现外商直接投资会对跨国公司与东道国企业的技术创新活动产生影响，从而增加了东道国R＆D投入的存量水平，有利于东道国技术水平的提高；另外。即使存在高昂的投资成本，跨国公司仍然会选择对外直接投资，而不是出口方式。跨国并购的损益与新建投资的沉没成本是决定跨国公司在这两种直接投资方式之间选择的主要因素。     

Towards an asymmetry-based view of Chinese firms’ technological catch-up

By carefully reviewing our research and related literature, in this paper, we propose a two-stage model of Chinese firms’ technological catch-up, and provide asymmetrybased explanations. We argue that at the approaching stage, Chinese firms mainly focus on knowledge accumulation through frugal innovation for capturing local and global low-end markets; while at the pole vault stage, they focus on knowledge creation through radical innovation for capturing the high-end market. Moreover, we propose that lacking world-leading technologies but striving to achieve technological catch-up quickly, Chinese firms mainly rely on asymmetric resource and capabilities that are embedded within Chinese institutional, technological and market contexts. Turning these asymmetries into sustainable capabilities and then matching them to market opportunities by developing asymmetric innovation strategies, Chinese firms could achieve technological catch-up in a unique way.     

上海市产业结构、对外开放与技术创新的关系研究 ——基于VAR模型

上海市作为我国经济高质量发展中的一线城市,是非常有国际竞争力的城市。上海市的技术创新进步不仅对其本地影响非凡,对我国整体科学技术进步也具有非常大的意义。以上海市为研究区域,分析产业结构、对外开放与技术创新之间的关系,得出结论:产业结构和对外开放在一定程度上可以解释地区技术创新水平。经济发展方式越开放,技术创新的产出越多;在产业结构升级达到一定程度时,促进技术创新水平。     

Organizational innovation,technological innovation,and export performance: The effects of innovation radicalness and extensiveness

This study focuses on the relevance of different types of innovation for firms’ export performance. Despite ample research on the innovation–performance relationship, previous studies have mainly focused on technological innovations, leaving the effects of organizational innovations relatively unexplored. Hypotheses on the relationship between organizational and technological innovations and firm export performance are tested by structural equation modelling using data from 218 Swedish export ventures. The results indicate that organizational innovation enhances export performance both directly and indirectly by sustaining technological innovation. Moreover, by fine-graining our analysis of the mediating role of technological innovation, according to its radicalness and extensiveness, for organizational innovation, we show how the latter enhances both the radicalness and extensiveness of technological innovation although, notably, only extensiveness is actually beneficial for export performance. This study helps alleviate the scarcity of research examining the links among different types of innovation in relation to export performance and contributes to international business and marketing literature by generating new evidence regarding the mechanisms through which organizational and technological innovations may improve export performance.     

跨国移民、人力资本结构与技术创新

本文在"新人才流失经济学"的框架下,以分工理论为基础,分析了跨国移民对于发展中国家人力资本结构及技术创新的影响。分析显示,由于较低的知识存量和较高的协调成本,在技术水平较为落后的移民来源国,熟练劳动力通常更倾向于选择通才教育,从而独立进行创新活动。相反,在技术较为先进的移民目标国,熟练劳动力则更倾向于选择专才教育,从而以分工合作的方式从事创新活动。受国内外协调成本差异的影响,跨国移民会激励移民来源国的劳动力更多的选择专才教育,从而改变移民来源国人力资本的结构并影响技术创新的效率。     

基于产业集群生命周期的技术创新研究

产业集群是当今产业组织发展的重要特征之一,也是开展技术创新活动的重要组织形式。本文在回顾生命周期理论的基础上,结合产业集群的不同发展阶段分别研究了技术创新的特征,分析了我国目前产业集群技术创新的发展困境及其制约因素,并从政府、中介机构、集群企业三个层面上探讨了提升我国产业集群技术创新能力的有效途径。     

Objects and Subjects in Technological Interdependence. Towards a Framework to Monitor Innovation

Technology, even more than other aspects of economic life, is characterized by a strong interdependence across both sectors and organizations. However, we still know little about the determinants and impact of technological interdependence. The standard input-output analysis is unable to explain interdependence in technological life since a large proportion of innovations are either untraded or are disembodied from products. Innovations which are not appropriated by the innovators are not signalled by prices. Moreover, input-output tables do not systematically consider exchanges within economic organizations, such as firms. This paper proposes a more complex accounting framework for innovation which would monitor the technological field of the innovation and the product where it is used, as well as the producer-user interrelationship.     

Managing innovation dilemmas: The cube solution

Innovation has become a universal feature of corporate life. Almost no company can survive without innovation. However, when it comes to developing innovation strategies, managers often are left alone to decide which innovation types to pursue, how to balance them in an overall portfolio, how to allocate resources, and how to implement them. In short, managers face a variety of innovation dilemmas. One of the most pertinent problems is how to distinguish innovation types in a meaningful way. In this article, we introduce the innovation cube, a tool that helps position innovation types in a managerially meaningful way. Once managers know how to relate and compare their innovation types to those of other companies, the cube helps them to better formulate their innovation strategy.     

异质性人力资本对制造业出口产品质量的影响研究

人力资本作为经济发展的高质量型创新动力,对提升我国制造业出口产品的质量发挥着重要的内源作用。基于异质性人力资本的视角,选取2006—2016年省级层面十二大类(HS码)的贸易数据,并以技术创新和城市化作为中介变量,实证检验人力资本异质性对制造业出口产品质量的直接效应和间接效应。研究表明,人力资本极大地提高了我国制造业出口产品的整体质量,并且通过引领技术创新和人口的空间集聚,实现对制造业出口产品的高质量发展。其中,初级人力资本效果不显著,中级和高级人力资本通过技术创新和城市化的间接效应对提高制造业出口产品质量发挥了重要的提升作用。     

Network configuration and innovation success: An empirical analysis in German high-tech industries

Based on the assumption that intensity and structure are the most important dimensions of a firm's technological network, the authors identity seven different types of technology-oriented network configurations. Drawing upon a database of 321 high-tech companies, they show that innovation success is significantly correlated with a firm's technological network. Product and process innovations are shown to demand different types of network configurations.     

Technology,science and American innovation

This article offers for consideration four propositions about business, government, and innovation in the post-World War Two United States, points which may have a wider resonance as well. They concern the long term role of continuous innovation, technology–science relationships, state-led problem setting for innovation, and the ‘permanent uncertainties’ that arise from Cold War-era technological advance. Each of these has implications for the practice of business history, for conceptualizing innovation, and for our understanding of post-war science–technology trajectories.