国家环境保护总局关于印发《国家环保总局关于加强生态示范创建工作的指导意见》的通知

为贯彻落实《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》（国发[2005]39号）提出的加强生态省（市、县）和环境优美乡镇、明生态村创建工作的要求，加快推进环境保护历史性转变，我局组织制订了《国家环保总局关于加强生态示范创建工作的指导意见》。现印发给你们，请结合自身实际，加强对生态示范创建工作的领导，求真务实，坚持标准，严格把关，力戒形式主义，扎扎实实地抓好推动、创建工作。[第一段]     

探讨临床检验质量持续改进

目的探讨影响临床检验质量的相关因素及改进措施。方法回顾分析2007年至2009年对二级综合医院评审中检验科质量控制有待改进的问题及提高检验质量的措施。结果新的技术，新的检验项目以及新的测定方法不断用于临床检验，医院检验质量控制既取得明显成效，但也存在一些影响检验质量的因素，检验质量控制方面还需探讨新方法新举措。结论临床检验工作中的质量要求是检验工作中的重中之重，临床检验质量控制方法要不断改进，临床检验质量控制系统的建立与效果评价有待进一步加强。     

灰项目白化的综合评价技术

1引言我们曾撰文介绍了在新模型中一个工业项目由SA级参数阶段转化到SA级参数阶段（由项目的灰阶段转化到白阶段）所借助的德尔菲（DeLPhi）、层次分析（AHP）、模糊、灰色、物元空间（FHW）等群决策技术，这样能最少舍弃项目系统中未被认知的信息，实现项目强转化，最大限度实现由原象到象的—一映射关系。在新评估系统中这一过程主要依靠专家的评判来实现，因此，如何选择专家、设置规范化的工作方法、发挥每一位专家的才智、全面准确地整理专家评判意见，成了新系统工作的重点。2专家造挥及考核因素新系统工作需四种类型的专家。为…     

著名经济学专家李天德

李天德，河南省郑州市人，经济学博士，四川大学经济学院院长、教授、博士生导师。兼任国家教育部经济学教指委员（2006）；国家社科基金重大项目首席专家（2005）；国家社科基金重大招标项目特邀评审专家（2007）；国务院特殊津贴专家（2008）；四川省科技顾问团改革与发展组副组长（1994）；四川省专家评（审）议委员会委员（2004）；四川省有突出贡献专家（2002）；四川省技术与学科带头人（2003）；成都市政府重大决策咨询专家（2006）；     

政府采购评审专家绩效评价指标分析及激励

政府采购工作中评审专家绩效评价对于政府采购工作计划以及顺利实施具有重要意义，本文论述了绩效评价设计的目标、原则及内容，提出了构建评价体系的指标，并且简要针对不同的结果根据激励理论提出激励方法，为政府采购工作中评审专家的绩效以及激励提供参考。     

改善国家自然科学基金管理的思考

从国家基金管理应体现时代特征、对评审专家进行反评估、保护交叉（非共识、原始创新）项目、项目应“宽进严出”、学科资助名额分配要科学和申请书的完善等6个方面,对改善国家自然科学基金管理提出了思考性意见。     

南水北调西线工程宜缓行

2005年3月，黄委会、水利部先后在成都召开西线工程讨论会，征询四川、青海省政府有关部门及专家意见。近50年来，水利部、黄委会以及有关部门和科技人员对西线工程做了大量的勘测、科研、设计工作，积累了丰富的资料。在此基础上制订了《南水北调西线工程规划纲要及第一期工程规划》，并通过了专家评审。西线工程将在2010年正式施工，至2050年完工。计划从长江上游通天河、雅垄江、大渡河建了引水枢纽8个，输水线路共1072公里（其中隧洞1022公里），年调水170亿立方米输入黄河码曲段。工程静态投资3040亿元（2000年一季度价），计划2010年正式施工，至2050年建成。     

科技管理体制改革初探

在国家实力越来越取决于科技竞争的时代,为了提升国家竞争力,当今世界各国都在努力构建国家创新体系,科技管理体制作为国家科技创新体系的基础,对于促进科技事业的快速发展起着决定性的作用。然而,目前我国科技管理体制存在的问题比较突出,明显制约着国家科技创新目标的实现。如何改革我国科技管理体制,建设良好学术环境,已成为摆在我们面前亟待解决的理论与实际问题。本文建议采取以下措施来改革当期的科技管理体制,促进创新型国家建设：（1）建立以企业为主体的科技创新支持体系。（2）变委员会评审制度为专家评审制度;（3）变由权威专家评审为有时间评审的专家评审;（4）评审结果和评审内容应当一并公开;（5）变以论文成果为主为以应用成果为主;（6）变专家评价科研成果为公开采购科研成果;（7）政府资助的重大科技项目应当实行并行立项制度;（8）变无偿资助科研成果转化为政府采购科研成果转化的结果。     

财政投资评审工作浅析

本文首先指出了当前财政投资评审工作中的难点和机遇，然后提出了加强财政投资评审工作的改革建议，为财政投资评审工作提出一些参考意见。     

学者风采陈望衡教授

陈望衡，湖南邵阳人，日本大阪大学文学博士、武汉大学哲学系教授（二级）、美学专业博士生导师、中华美学学会常务理事，享受国务院特殊津贴专家。曾任浙江大学教授、中国科技大学客座教授、     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

研发过程模型优化——研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型研究

本文拟通过对三个现有研发过程模型的评述,结合其他相关文献的回顾以及当前企业界所能够提供的技术服务,对研发过程模型予以优化,并尝试提出了‘研发过程任意阶段知识运作模型”来探讨“知识在研发过程中究竟是如何运作的”的问题,以期能够为当前的企业界和学术界的研发过程运作模式的完善提供有益参考。