协整设定和约束检验及其对我国货币收入速率的实证

本文基于严格的检验，对我国货币M2的长期稳定以及它的收入速率的功能等问题进行协整和弱外生检验，结论表明，我国货币收入速率对于货币需求的长期稳定具有显著作用，而这种长期稳定对货币收入速率又具有显著的调节效应。这一结论隐含了我国货币政策效应可以辅之以货币收入速率予以考察并可以用货币收入速率辅助调节货币需求，而我国利率则是关注参数的弱外生变量，这一结论支持有关扩大利率的浮动范围的利率政策。     

货币供应量对我国股票价格指数影响研究

文章使用协整分析与因果检验的方法，研究货币供应量（M2）对我国股票价格指数的影响。实证结果表明，货币供应量与股票市场价格指数之间存在长期稳定的协整关系，但其不存在对股票市场价格指数短期内向长期均衡调整作用机制；货币供应量并不是股票价格指数变化的Granger因，但中央银行在制定与执行货币政策时，必须充分考虑货币供应量调整对股票市场的冲击。     

对我国外汇储备需求的实证分析

本文对我国外汇储备需求以及相关的经济变量进行了单位根检验和协整检验,应用协整理论的建模方法建立了我国外汇储备长期均衡与短期变动模型,分析了货币市场非均衡对我国外汇储备的影响效应。     

同业拆借利率与宏观经济变量协整关系的实证分析

在我国目前的利率体系中，同业拆借利率经历利率市场化改革的时间最长，市场化程度也最高，已基本具备金融市场基准利率的条件。研究我国同业拆借利率与宏观经济变量的关系，对中央银行的货币政策执行和商业银行的利率风险管理意义重大。文章利用协整检验和向量误差修正模型，考察我国同业拆借利率与社会消费品零售总额、广义货币供给量增长率、企业商品价格指数、金融机构人民币存贷差和上证综合指数的长期均衡与短期波动关系，在此基础上分析影响我国同业拆借利率变动的主要宏观经济因素及其原因。     

沪深A、B股指波动的协整检验和因果分析

文章运用协整检验法和Granger因果检验分析法对沪深A、B股之间的长期均衡关系和短期引致关系进行检验。该检验按时问顺序分为三个样本，结果表明随着我国证券市场的整合和开放，同一市场内部的A、B股之间和两地B股市场之间的协整关系存在，且同一市场内部的A股对B股有Grmger因果关系，但两地A股市场的长期协整关系和短期引致关系随着市场的整合而逐渐消失。     

基于股利偏好角度的证券市场协整关系研究

运用协整分析方法对混合股利投资组合指数、现金股利投资组合指数、无股利投资组合指数三类指数与上证指数之间的长期均衡关系进行分析，并利用误差修正模型对三类指数从短期偏离向长期均衡恢复的动态调整速度进行检验，研究结果显示：具备市场偏好的混合股利投资组合指数与上证指数之间的协整关系最弱，从短期偏离向长期均衡修复的时间最长；不具备市场偏好的现金股利投资组合指数与上证指数之间的协整关系最强，从短期偏离向长期均衡修复的时间最短；不具备市场偏好的无股利投资组合指数与上证指数之间的协整关系较强，从短期偏离向长期均衡修复的时间较短。     

基础货币、货币乘数与货币当局资产负债结构的关系研究——基于中国1994～2006年季度数据的实证分析

本文提出货币当局的资产负债结构对基础货币和货币乘数产生重要影响,这种影响是通过改变公众的现金持有偏好和商业银行的准备金需求来间接实现的。对我国1994～2006年季度数据实证研究,单位根检验、Johansen协整分析及误差修正模型显示存在货币当局资产负债结构影响现金持有偏好与准备金需求的长期协整关系和短期波动规律,以国外净资产比重持续上升、商业银行再贷款比重不断下降及央行票据比重陡然上升为主要特征的货币当局资产负债结构调整,导致我国基础货币过快增加和货币乘数持续上升。     

我国股票市值与货币需求关系的实证分析

本文运用协整检验和误差修正模型对我国股票市值与货币需求间的关系进行了研究。结果显示:货币需求和股票市值存在协整关系;对货币的需求会对我国的股票总市值产生正向影响。     

时间序列的分整检验与"费雪效应"机制分析

“费雪效应”假设说明通货膨胀率对于名义利率存在直接影响，两者之间存在长期均衡关系，我们利用单位根检验和分整检验等方法检验名义利率和通货膨胀率序列的单位根性质，并利用协整检验判断它们之间的长期均衡关系。检验结果表明，我国通货膨胀率对名义利率的作用尚不明显，我国经济当中没有出现显著的“费雪效应”。     

人民币汇率调整与内外失衡的影响机理分析

本文运用协整分析建立误差修正模型,重点分析了我国经济内外均衡与人民币汇率调整机制之间的关系。研究表明:我国经济内外部均衡变量与人民币实际有效汇率之间存在着协整关系,短期内,对人民币实际有效汇率产生影响的主要是贸易顺差、货币供给量和经济增长因素。长期来看,决定长期汇率均衡走势的是实体因素(外汇储备、经济增长和货币供应量)。价格因素(通货膨胀率和利率)在短期内可能对汇率影响较大,但长期内不再重要。     

The stability of money demand in China: Evidence from the ARDL model

This study examines the demand for broad money (M2) in China using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration framework. The results based on the bounds testing procedure confirm that a stable, long-run relationship exists between M2 and its determinants: real income, inflation, foreign interest rates and stock prices. Importantly, our results reveal that stock prices have a significant wealth effect on long- and short-run broad money demand; its omission can lead to serious misspecifications in the money demand function (MDF). This finding is consistent with the notion that asset inflation (deflation) has systematic influence on the pattern of monetary aggregates.     

Tests of cointegrating rank with a trend-break

The conventional testing procedure may mislead one into accepting the null of no cointegration or the null of a cointegrating rank smaller than the true rank when there is a trend-break under the alternative hypothesis. This paper proposes tests for cointegrating rank that have power against the trend-break alternative. The proposed tests are applied to the US money demand function. The results support the Campbell–Perron conjecture: money, income and interest rates are cointegrated around a broken trend.     

The monetary policy strategy of the Bank of England in 2020–21: An assessment

Excessive money creation during the Covid pandemic has resulted in Britain's worst episode of inflation since 1990–91. The backdrop to this failure of monetary policy is the Bank of England's aggregate demand/aggregate supply framework together with the Monetary Policy Committee's neglect of broad money. An alternative way to operate monetary policy is urgently needed. A significantly improved monetary policy outcome could be achieved by shifting from trying to steer the economy using interest rates and quantitative easing or quantitative tightening to reliance on the relative stability of income velocity (the ratio of nominal GDP to broad money) as a means of managing aggregate demand.     

The demand for M3 in the euro area

In this paper, an empirically stable money demand model for M3 in the euro area is constructed. Starting with a multivariate system, three cointegrating relationships with economic content are found: (i) the spread between the long‐term and the short‐term nominal interest rates, (ii) the long‐term real interest rate, and (iii) a long‐run demand for broad money M3. There is evidence that the determinants of M3 money demand are weakly exogenous with respect to the long‐run parameters. Hence, following a general‐to‐specific modelling approach, a parsimonious conditional error‐correction model for M3 money demand is derived which can be interpreted economically. For the conditional model, long‐run and short‐run parameter stability is extensively tested and not rejected. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Black market exchange rate,currency substitution and the demand for money in LDCs

Mundell's conjecture in 1963 that the demand for money could depend on the exchange rate in addition to income and interest rate has received some attention in the literature by including the official exchange rate and estimating the money demand in a few developed countries. In less developed countries, since there is a black market for foreign exchange, it has been suggested that the black market exchange rate rather than the official rate should be the determinant of the demand for money in LDCs. This proposition is tested by estimating the demand for money for 25 LDCs using the bounds testing approach to cointegration. The main conclusion is that while in some LDCs, the black market rate enters into the formulation of the demand for money, in some others the official rate is the determinant. The black market premium also played a role in some countries.     

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE GERMAN BUNDESBANK AFTER 1983

A cointegrated VAR model describing a small macroeconomic system consisting of money, income, prices, and interest rates is estimated on split sample data before and after 1983. The monetary mechanisms are found to be significantly different. Before 1983 the money supply is controllable and expansion or contraction of money supply has the expected effect on prices, income, and interest rates. After 1983 the conventional mechanisms no longer seem to work. The empirical analysis points to the crucial role of the bond rate in the system, particularly for the more recent period.     

Money demand and the role of monetary indicators in forecasting euro area inflation

This paper examines the stability of money demand and the forecasting performances of a broad monetary aggregate (M3), excess liquidity and excess inflation in predicting euro area inflation. The out-of sample forecasting performances are compared to a widely used alternative, the spread of interest rates. The results indicate that the evolution of M3 is still in line with money demand, even when observations from the economic and financial crisis are included. Both excess measures and the spread are useful for predicting inflation.     

Modelling money demand in Germany

In this paper an empirically stable money demand model for M3 in Germany is presented. The sample period 1975–94 includes German unification. It is shown that this development has not substantially destabilized money demand. Parameter stability is extensively tested and not rejected. Applying encompassing tests, this model encompasses two recent models but is not encompassed by them. Exogeneity of the explanatory variables is discussed and tested along the definitions given in Engle, Hendry and Richard (1983). There is evidence that inflation and long-term interest rates are super-exogenous with respect to the parameters of the demand for M3 model. This result and the empirical long-run money demand function presented in this paper may affect the applicability of the so called ‘P-Star concept’ for German M3. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Can money matter for interest rate policy?

In this paper it is shown that money can matter for macroeconomic stability under interest rate policy when transactions frictions are non-negligible. We develop a sticky price model with a shopping time function, which induces the marginal utility of consumption to depend on the (predetermined) stock of money held at the beginning of the period. Equilibrium stability and uniqueness are then ensured by a passive interest rate policy, whereas activeness is associated with an explosive equilibrium. By reacting to changes in beginning-of-period real balances, the central bank can restore stability. Interest rates further depend on lagged real balances even if the central bank acts in an entirely forward-looking way, as under discretionary optimization. If the model is revised such that end-of-period money provides transaction services, money can in principle be neglected for a stabilizing interest rate policy. Discretionary monetary policy is, however, likely to be associated with equilibrium indeterminacy, which can be avoided if interest rates are set contingent on beginning-of-period real balances.     

基于局部调整模型的我国现阶段货币需求函数分析

借鉴成本最小化行为引发的局部调整模型,采用1999年一季度至2005第三季度数据,建立我国短期动态货币需求函数。回归结果显示,实际货币需求的收入弹性为0.166,利率弹性为-0.096,通货膨胀弹性为-0.645,基本符合一般市场经济特质。根据我国近期宏观调控目标进行短期动态预测,得出2005年四季度至2006年四季度名义货币供应量M1季度同比增长率平均为13.2%,表明在当前错综复杂的经济形势下,特别是外部冲击形成空前压力下,我国货币政策应保持谨慎紧缩倾向。