基于遗传-蚁群混合算法求解旅行商问题

作为物流领域中的典型问题,旅行商问题的求解具有十分重要的理论和现实意义.在它的传统求解方法中,遗传算法和蚁群算法被广泛采用,但遗传算法收敛速度慢,蚁群算法易陷入局部最优,在求解旅行商问题上都有一定的缺陷.本文采用遗传-蚁群混合算法,充分利用遗传算法的快速全局搜索能力和蚁群算法的智能性,对旅行商问题求解,并进行了实例仿真.仿真计算结果表明,该算法可以找到最优解或近似最优解,并提高了求解效率.     

求解旅行商问题的人工蜂群算法

采用人工蜂群算法对旅行商问题进行求解,给出了人工蜂群算法求解该问题的具体方案,对不同的旅行商问题算例进行了仿真实验。结果表明,算法可以有效、快速地找到较小规模问题的最优解。     

混合蚁群算法求解物流配送车辆路径优化问题研究

文中在分析VRP与旅行商问题（TSP）区别的基础上,构造了求解VRP的混合蚁群算法。将蚁群系统（ACS）算法同节约量和局部搜索策略2-opt法相结合来改进基本蚁群算法。仿真实验结果表明混合蚁群算法性能优良,能够有效地求解VRP问题。     

自适应并行遗传算法求解非对称性旅行商问题

遗传算法是一种模拟生物进化的搜索最优解算法。根据交叉概率与变异概率在不同时期的不同要求,提出一个随进化代数和群体的适应度进行自适应调整的策略。同时,采用粗粒度并行策略,使算法具有更好的收敛性、稳定性、更快的速度和更好的优化质量。最后通过一些精典的非对称性旅行商问题对该算法进行了检验,结果表明自适应并行遗传算法可以有效提高遗传算法的求解性能。     

蚁群遗传混合算法在求解旅行商问题上的应用

针对在求解旅行商问题时,蚁群算法易陷入局部最优,而遗传算法收敛速度慢等问题,将蚁群与遗传算法相结合:把蚁群算法每次迭代的结果作为遗传算法的初始种群,并且用遗传算法寻优结果更新蚁群算法的信息素。在用遗传算法处理问题的阶段,引入了两种新的交叉算子,并且提出混合交叉算子的新思想,算法的后期使用贪心搜索和2-opt局部优化算法,成功的避免了算法过早陷入局部最优解的问题,加快了算法的收敛速度。通过仿真,本算法与其他算法进行对比,寻优路径长度明显降低,在求解效率和求解质量上都有更好的效果。     

基于改进初始信息素和公共路径的蚁群算法

针对基本蚁群算法收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部最优等问题,提出了一种基于对初始信息素的分布进行优化以及加强对较优解的公共路径进行利用的改进蚁群算法。改进后的算法加强了蚂蚁从其所在城市到下一步最大可选城市之间的路径上的初始信息素浓度,增强了算法对较长子路径的探索能力。对较优解的公共路径的利用则提高了改进算法的收敛速度和搜索精度。通过求解不同规模TSP(旅行商问题)并与ACS(蚁群系统)算法的对比,证明了改进蚁群算法的有效性。     

自适应并行遗传算法求解非对称性旅行商问题

遗传算法是一种模拟生物进化的搜索最优解算法.根据交叉概率与变异概率在不同时期的不同要求,提出一个随进化代数和群体的适应度进行自适应调整的策略.同时,采用粗粒度并行策略,使算法具有更好的收敛性、稳定性、更快的速度和更好的优化质量.最后通过一些精典的非对称性旅行商问题对该算法进行了检验,结果表明自适应并行遗传算法可以有效提高遗传算法的求解性能.     

基于物流配送最优路径选择的研究——以日本国内为研究对象

通过对日本国内物流行业的数据、政策及法律法规的研究,明确了日本国内政府与物流企业对于物流软技术的重视以及行动。本研究针对物流软技术中的配送最优路径选择问题,根据旅行商TSP问题与Dijkstra算法算出配送的相对最优路径。这两种算法中,得到相同情况下每种解的配送路线,再对TSP问题与Dijkstra两种算法进行比较并分析两种配送路线的成本和特点,提出最佳配送规划方案。     

结合局部优化的蚁群优化算法的研究与实现

蚁群算法是一种成功的启发式算法,但在解决TSP问题时存在着收敛速度慢和易陷入局部最优解的问题。本文针对这两个问题,提出了定期交流和模范带头学习模型,前者是在蚂蚁每走过一定城市后,进行学习交流,选出所走路径相对较短的蚂蚁进行信息素影响,从而加快总体的收敛速度;后者是当所有蚂蚁都旅行一圈后,选出最优秀的蚂蚁,在其走过的路径上释放大量信息素,对下一周期蚂蚁的旅行进行引导,避免陷入局部最优解。实验结果表明新算法在求解质量上比传统蚁群算法有了明显提高。本文也通过实验分析了蚂蚁数量等参数对算法性能的影响。     

基于匈牙利算法的运输问题改进算法

基于运输问题的模型和特点,提出了一种与匈牙利算法结合的改进算法,匈牙利算法作为一种较成熟的基本算法,在计算运输问题时省去大量求解检验数的计算。改进算法将运输问题分解成多个指派问题,利用匈牙利算法求解分解后的指派问题,最后将所有指派问题的结果求和得到最优解。给出了一个改进算法的案例,详细的介绍了改进算法的计算过程,证明了改进算法的有效性。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。