当前我国金融业反洗钱监管的突出矛盾与政策建议

当前我国金融业反洗钱监管面临众多突出矛盾的挑战：反洗钱监管模式模糊、基础薄弱与反洗钱监管深化要求的矛盾;质量低的海量大额可疑交易报告与反洗钱监测分析能力难以适应的矛盾;金融机构洗钱风险管控能力与特定非金融行业反洗钱制度缺失的矛盾;地区反洗钱监管水平不平衡与反洗钱整体有效推进之间的矛盾。解决上述矛盾需要探索中国特色的反洗钱金融监管模式;组建更具权威的专职反洗钱主管部门;大力完善稳定有效的情报生成渠道;全面推广常规化反洗钱风险评估体系。     

风险为本反洗饯监管制度的构建研究

风险为本反洗钱监管是我国反洗钱监管的目标模式.为实现目标模式,促进金融机构主动、有效、全面开展反洗钱工作,中国人民银行需要开展准确的风险评估,保证金融机构具备以风险为本开展反洗钱工作的能力,以及能够对人民银行监管要求作准确应激.因制度激励是监管的本质,监管部门应从制度建设入手达成风险为本反洗钱监管条件,通过自上而下的和...     

金融机构洗钱风险分布及构建风险为本监管方式要点分析

为了应对监管资源不足与被监管机构数量急剧增加的矛盾,我国反洗钱监管方式开始由"合规为本"的监管方式向"风险为本"的监管方式转变,根据金融机构不同的风险等级采取差别化的监管投入,以应对反洗钱监管资源不足的矛盾,而评估金融机构的洗钱风险则是风险为本反洗钱监管的核心环节。本文首先分析洗钱犯罪对洗钱渠道的需求,再结合不同类型金融机构的业务特点推导金融机构的风险分布,然后以近年来云南反洗钱工作收集的数据为基础,论证金融机构风险分布的三个推导,最后结合昆明中支洗钱风险评估研究成果,提出构建"风险为本"的反洗钱监管模式时应考虑的一些关键要素。     

向风险为本转型的反洗钱监管

<正>风险为本反洗钱监管是国家反洗钱机制有效运作的关键一环，监管部门通过实施风险为本监管，督促被监管机构有效履行反洗钱义务，发挥预防洗钱与恐怖融资的重要作用。目前，我国反洗钱监管正处于从规则为本向风险为本转型的关键阶段，准确判断我国风险为本反洗钱监管面临的挑战，借鉴国际标准要求和其他国家、地区经验构建我国风险为本反洗钱监管体系，对于有效应对洗钱和恐怖融资新形势、新变化，提高我国反洗钱工作质效具有重要意义。     

如何建立一个有效的金融机构反洗钱评估体系

我国《反洗钱法》实施数年来,人民银行积极推行非现场监管与现场检查相结合的监管模式,以风险为本已经成为反洗钱监管的主流倾向。当前反洗钱监管的一项重要工作就是建立基于风险的反洗钱评估体系,全面评估金融机构洗钱风险,充分发挥评估预警分析能力,促进金融机构洗钱风险管理。     

法人监管在反洗钱领域应用的工作框架

2012年初，人民银行反洗钱局提出在反洗钱领域全面推行实施金融机构法人监管模式。但现有文献对于法人监管的内涵和外延阐述不甚充分，法人监管模式与现行的属地监管模式关系界定不清晰。本文回顾了法人监管在我国的应用现状，并结合反洗钱业务特点，在同属地监管模式进行比较分析的基础上剖析法人监管在反洗钱领域应用的合理性、优势及其约束，并探讨了法人监管模式下信息传递的工作框架。     

反洗钱监管:模式比较及对我国的启示

本文系统介绍、归纳了反洗钱监管的美国模式和英国模式,深入分析了其各自的形成条件和建构基础,并比较了两种模式在组织架构、交易报告制度以及具体运作方式等方面存在的差异,从而得出反洗钱监管绩效取决于制度设计与本国国情在多大程度上相契合这一指导性结论;立足于该结论,文章进而提出了两种主要的反洗钱监管模式对我国反洗钱监管制度设计的若干具体启示。     

反洗钱监管新思路:金融机构反洗钱工作分级评估

2007年1月1日《反洗钱法》正式颁布实施后,反洗钱监管范围扩大,而履行反洗钱法律义务金融机构的反洗钱工作刚刚起步,内控制度不尽完善、从业人员的业务素质有待提高、履行反洗钱法律义务的相关配套各项制度和工作机制有待顺畅,同时地市级以下人民银行分支机构从事反洗钱监管工作的专业人员、专业技能"双缺少",这就形成了少量的监管人员面对众多被监管机构的局面,为应对上述种种挑战,本文探索金融机构反洗钱监管的新思路,研究制定了《邯郸市金融机构反洗钱工作分级评估办法(试行)》,以施行金融机构反洗钱工作分级评估制度创新反洗钱监管模式,督促金融机构提高反洗钱能力,使金融机构将反洗钱工作与日常经营活动有机结合起来,自觉、全面、高效地履行反洗钱法律义务,进而探索提高人民银行反洗钱监管的效能,增强监管的针对性和有效性。     

当前我国金融业反洗钱监督的突出矛盾与政策建议

自2003年中国人民银行承担国家反洗钱组织协调职责以来，中国反洗钱在法律体系、组织框架、资金监测、执法机制与国际合作等方面取得令世人瞩目的成绩，我国反洗钱制度建设已经取得重大进展。但是，由于受多种因素制约，我国现行反洗钱体系及机制与国内实际工作需要以及国际标准要求相比，还存在较大差距，金融领域反洗钱工作的有效性仍有待于进一步提高，有效的反洗钱监管面临众多突出矛盾的挑战。     

风险为本监管原则下的反洗钱现场检查初探

作为反洗钱监管的重要组成部分,反洗钱现场检查应适应反洗钱监管模式,在由规则为本向风险为本监管模式转变的特殊时期,反洗钱现场检查需遵循风险为本监管原则,在原有基础上继承发展。本文试图定义风险为本监管下的反洗钱现场检查,初步探索新形势下反洗钱现场检查的实施过程。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

我国助学贷款改革刍议--"双担保"机制设计

国家新出台的助学贷款政策,还不过是既有的框架下的局部调整,存在诸多不完善的地方。为此,对国家助学贷款应构建高校与就业单位的“双担保”机制。从长期来看,要构建一个系统有效的“政府部门管理和商业银行运作相结合”、“多层次、多渠道、多方式”、“担保和非担保、贴息和非贴息、市场和非市场运作互相补充”的中国教育金融框架。