非公开资本市场支持中小企业融资的有效性探讨

本文分析了资本市场的两种形态——公开与非公开资本市场的特征及其对中小企业融资的有效性,得出以主板市场为主体的公开资本市场对中小企业融资存在较大障碍,而多层次非公开资本市场则在为中小企业提供资金方面具有高度的适应性,并提出了加快非公开资本市场发展的一些建议。     

基于产业链融资的中小企业融资及风险控制

基于产业链的中小企业融资,可以促进中小企业取得快速发展,可以创新金融机构扶持中小企业的形式,是促进我国经济发展的重要手段.必须根据中小企业发展的实际情况,制定完善有效的产业链融资监管方法.     

中小企业集群融资的比较优势研究

中小企业集群作为中小企业发展的有效组织形式,改善了中小企业融资的条件,使其内部的中小企业具有相对于集群外单个游离状态中小企业的比较优势.本文以中小企业融资为研究对象,通过对集群内部企业与单个游离状态中小企业融资的对比分析,总结集群企业融资的比较优势.     

浅析中小企业融资风险与融资优化

中小企业是我国实体经济的主要组成部分,资金作为企业发展的血液,是企业的生命线.中小企业发展的一大难题亦在于资金融资问题,由于中小企业长期以来的资信表现与抗风险能力相对较弱,市场对其认可度相对较低,而中小企业的持续稳健发展是我国经济持续健康的重要支点,解决其融资问题也是国家一直在着力解决的重要事项,要求中小企业加强自身管理与发展,持续管控融资风险,稳步提升融资能力.本文首先分析了中小企业融资风险的主要影响因素,进而阐明了加强中小企业融资风险管理的必要性,以此为基础,提出了优化中小企业融资管理的主要措施.     

中小企业融资困境与对策

目前,在我国企业中,99％以上是中小企业.众多的中小企业遍布一二三产,涉及各种所有制形式,覆盖国民经济各个领域,创造了一半以上的GDP,是扩大社会就业的主要载体,是推动技术创新的生力军.2011年公布的《“十二五”中小企业成长规划》明确小企业未来发展方向将以“转变经济发展方式为主线”,然而小企业融资难问题却成为实现目标的最大阻力.究竟是什么阻碍了小企业的融资脚步?本文分析中小企业融资现状,从外部金融环境、政府、企业自身内部问题着手,提出缓解中小企业融资困难的对策.     

对乡宁县中小企业融资结构及融资制度的调查与思考

本文以乡宁县为实证,采用问卷调查的形式,完全剔除对中小企业融资产生影响的其他因素,专门从融资结构和融资机制层面上对中小企业融资难问题进行审视和实证分析,进而提出了通过对融资机制的改造以实现中小企业融资结构优化的路径选择。     

融资替代的有效途径:莱芜融资租赁案例

绕开抵押担保实现中小企业融资,一直是社会各界为解决中小企业融资难问题的探索方向之一.本文通过对莱芜A起重运业公司采用直租和同租两种融资租赁模式,实现设备和流动资会变相融资的个案描述,揭示融资租赁业务在中小企业融资中的作用机理,指出信息不对称程度降低情况下,融物替代融资具有比较优势,并针对其中的道德风险问题提出了相应约束和监督建议.     

中小企业融资的国际比较

中小企业是国民经济中最活跃的成分,各国政府对中小企业的发展及融资问题非常重视,制定出一系列的法规、政策为中小企业的融资创造良好的外部环境.与英国、美国相比,我国在这方面尚存在不足.应借鉴发达国家的做法,尽快完善我国的中小企业融资政策.     

中小企业融资与信贷机构的供需结构研究

本文皆在探讨中小企业融资困难的根本原因并针对原因提出政策建议.文章首先对中小企业的融资需求进行结构性划分并进行分析.然后分析信贷机构或个人应根据不同需求提供资金供给问题,最后分析得出银行等金融机构应该专门设立中小企业部门机构、中小企业建立完善的中小企业会计制度、我国积极创新创建为中小企业公开募集资金的平台的政策建议.     

浅析我国中小企业融资困境问题

中小企业作为市场经济的主体,在促进经济发展、优化产业结构、缓解就业压力等方面发挥着重要的作用.随着改革开放的不断推进,我国中小企业得到迅速发展.由于中小企业规模小,资本原始积累不足,信用等级比较低,相关的金融和法律制度又不完善,其发展始终受制于融资难的瓶颈.本文首先分析我国中小企业融资现状和融资困境的成因,结合我国中小企业融资的特点、来源,通过分析表明我国现行金融融资体系不健全是造成中小企业融资困境的主要原因.据此针对我国中小企业的融资环境,借鉴国外中小企业融资的经验启示,从完善融资制度角度提出了一系列缓解中小企业融资困境的相应对策和建议.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.