进口食品安全监管浅析

随着我国进口食品的数量和品种逐年增加,不断发生的进口食品安全问题凸显了我国食品安全监管法律制度的漏洞。为确保我国进口食品安全和保护我国消费者食品安全消费需求,完善我国进口食品安全监管法律制度,构建科学合理的进口食品安全监管体系是当务之急。本文主要探讨科学的进口食品监管模式,同时借鉴国外发达国家的监管模式,对我国的进口食品监管提出合理化建议。     

如何应对美国食品安全新法案带来的风险

2011年1月4日，美国总统奥巴马签署了《FDA食品安全现代化法案》（下称新法案），这是70多年来美国对现行主要食品安全法律《联邦食品、药品及化妆品法》的一次重大修订。根据新法案，美国食品药品管理局（FDA）将拥有更多保证食品安全的预防性举措以及更加清晰的监管架构。对我国而言，该法案的实施势必增加我国输美食品生产企业的成本和承担的责任，使得我国输美食品风险剧增。     

经贸传真

美国将继续严格监督从中国进口海产品的质量安全近日,美国会众议院民主党议员正在推动食品安全议案,要求所有食品都要有生产加工原产地标签,并对美国生产食品厂家和进口商征收2000美元的特别费用;FDA每四年要对食品生产和食品安全计划进行强制性检查,并赋予FDA对产品强制召回的权力。     

解析美国对进口食品的管理

美国对进口食品的监管方式，已从以前实施的以货物定向为主的管理模式转向更有目标性和选择性的管理模式，以保证美国消费者的健康、安全和利益。该模式使FDA能快速、高效地实施进口食品的管理工作。     

完善我国进口食品安全风险预警体系研究

随着我国经济的发展,人们对于进口食品的需求日益增多。本文从风险管理视角,梳理我国进口食品安全风险预警体系,探寻制约进口食品安全风险预警体系的难点,并提出相应解决方案。研究结果表明：近年来,我国进口食品安全监管取得长足进步,可以通过扩大风险预警信息收集范围,运用智慧手段实现进口食品监管全覆盖,采取对进口食品风险预警体系监管部门细化分工等措施,完善进口食品安全风险预警体系。     

我国进口食品安全监管体系之初探

通过分析我国进口食品监管当前面临的形势和存在的问题,借鉴发达国家的进口食品监管体系,提出完善我国进口食品安全监管体系的建议,对于今后我国进口监管体系的改进具有重大意义。     

加强食品供应安全美国发布最终法规

<正> 美国卫生部(HHS)部长于10月10日以过渡性最终法规的形式正式发布两项FDA法规,以保障美国食品供应的安全。这两项新法规将执行2002公共卫生安全与生物恐怖应对法案的重要规定。这一法案赋予FDA以新的权利——保护整个国家的食品供应不受实际的或有威胁的恐怖主义活动以及其它与食品相关的突发事件的影响。     

构建食品安全监管体系的几点做法

食品和食品安全问题越来越受到社会的关注,特别是党的十八大召开以后,民众对国家关于食品安全和监管认识程度的加强,将食品监管方面问题和存在的质疑考验着政府,政府急待解决好这个问题,给群众一个放心的安全环境。因此,构建食品安全体系,意义重大而深远。     

中国食品畅通美国

2003年12月12日，美国FDA“食品企业注册”和“进口食品提前通报”的法案正式实施。9&#183;11后，美国出台了“生物恐怖应对法”，对食品安全提出了新的要求，FDA据此起草了四个相关法规：“食品企业注册”、“进口食品提前通报”、“纪录建立和保持制度”和“行政扣留制度”。目前，前两个法案已经正式实施。     

美国FDA食品安全现代化法案解读与评析

对美国2011年初出台的《FDA食品安全现代化法案》进行了解读和评析,介绍了该法案的修法背景、立法目的和适用范围,以及对现行食品安全法律《联邦食品药品化妆品法》的主要修改和新设立的法律制度与措施,分析了美国进口食品安全监管新举措对我国输美食品生产企业和相关行业的影响。建议密切跟踪FDA食品安全现代化法案的实施情况和配套法规的制定进程,深入研究并积极应对美国第三方审核认可制度,系统评估美国进口食品安全监管新举措对我国可能造成的影响,学习借鉴美国现代化食品的安全监管理念和科学的法律制度设计。     

我国粮食安全的影响因素及其对策

在影响粮食安全的各种因素中,人口增长、消费结构升级、生物质能源需求增加、城市化水平提高是影响粮食需求的主要因素,耕地数量减少、耕地质量下降、水资源匮乏、气候条件异常、科技进步、种粮成本是影响粮食生产的主要因素,而外贸依存度、粮食储备能力也是影响粮食安全的重要因素.为了保证粮食安全,必须严格保护耕地,遏制耕地的减少;加强农田水利基础设施建设,提高农业综合生产能力;强化科技支撑,提高粮食单产和品质;加强土地环境保护,减少污染;完善粮食储备,健全储备粮食调控机制等.     

加入WTO后应大力发展绿色食品、有机食品和无公害食品

环境对绿色食品、有机食品和无公害食品具有影响,加入WTO后面临着发展机遇与挑战。为了 加快绿色食品、有机食品和无公害食品的发展,应大力培养绿色食品、有机食品和无公害食品的专业人 才及管理人才。     

Consumer Perceptions of Kosher Products

ABSTRACT

The demand for kosher food has grown markedly during recent years, largely due to their perception as healthier, “safer,” more nutritionally enhanced value, and improved hygienic preparation conditions. This perception was verified by a survey conducted in Israel with 440 respondents. Both groups, younger and older age, secular and religious people, perceive the term kosher in a beneficial light, affecting the public view of food products as well as fast-food outlets. The survey, which was conducted in Israel, could be utilized as a pilot furnishing and facilitate a basis for further studies in other countries. The data highlights the vast market potential entailed in improving consumer perception of overall quality. Given the elevated perceived image of kosher food as “healthier” and of an enhanced quality, this study provides an essential marketing tool and detailed information in order to enable both manufacturers and retailers to expand the kosher segment and corner a larger share of the food market.     

Convenience and choice for consumers: the domestic acceptability of canned food between the 1870s and 1930s

Canned food once represented an astonishingly innovative technology although it is now largely ignored in food discourse. As with so much in our lives, familiarity renders an object invisible. To explore the changing social significance of canned food, as the format developed from scientific curiosity to domestic ubiquity, this paper examines reports in The Scotsman newspaper from the late 1870s to the 1930s. Although canned foods were slow to break into the mass market they were little short of revolutionary in the way they brought new tastes from across the world to ordinary British households. A few cans in the larder provided simple storage and reassurance that the unexpected visitor could be fed – perhaps with something a little out of the ordinary. Against this background of quiet assimilation into our food culture, canned food has been controversial and provided an unwitting rehearsal for contemporary food narratives. In these old newspapers, it was somewhat surprising to find reports of disquiet that are recognizable in our own times – the convenience of canned food posed a threat to culinary skills; questions were raised about the nutritional value and safety of processed food; we had become excessively reliant on imported food and disregarded our own produce.     

Running wild in the marketplace: the articulation and negotiation of an alternative food network

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we examine how actors within what we conceptualise as an emerging wild food alternative network are navigating through the foodscape to find alternatives to homogenous and standardised food products. Drawing on data from different research engagements with wild food consumers and producers over the last decade in Canada, we use the context of wild foods to explore how the ‘alternative’ is being articulated and negotiated. Inspired by scholarly work exploring the pedagogical promise of food, we also explore the transformational potential of the ‘alternative’ – how bringing wild foods to the table can both inspire and teach consumers about sustainability and alternative consumption practices. We conclude with directions for future marketing research on alternative food networks.     

Consumers' reactions to food scares

In the past decade many food hazards appeared (i.e. bacteria of Escherichia coli, dioxins in pork). When information about food hazards is announced, many concerns about food product arise. As a result consumers stop buying the kind of food in which hazard appears, which makes losses to the food producer. In this study, the results of survey are presented. The survey was conducted among 712 respondents in the southeast Poland. Respondents were asked about the source of information they prefer to be informed about the food hazard, their reactions to food hazard and their ways to protect themselves from food hazards in case of food scares. On the basis of the results, it was found that the main sources of information they prefer are television (85.4% of indications) and the Internet (61.4% of indications). Moreover, when a food hazard appears and consumers are informed about this fact their first reaction is to check if they have bought this product, and 30% of respondents declared that they would not buy this product again. To make sure that a particular food product is safe, consumers buy products they know (70.5% respondents). The answers varied on the socio‐demographic characteristics of respondents.     

Global Insights Into Essential Elements Food Safety: The Chinese Example

This article brings together insights on the global challenges of achieving a safe food system. Through looking at examples of food safety initiatives, relevant success factors are identified and then distilled into five essential elements for developing a robust and safe food system. While much of the work in this area looks at government initiatives, this article looks particularly at industry-led initiatives. The article includes a brief look at the importance of food in Chinese culture and the current structure of the Chinese food chain. Specific initiatives from other markets are reviewed, and the five elements are outlined.     

The local and the global: exploring traits of homogeneity and heterogeneity in European food cultures

One type of boundary rarely explored in international marketing are the cultural boundaries dividing Europe into regions with individual cultural backgrounds and different consumption patterns. This article explores information about such patterns of food consumption based on information from a database originating from a 1989 pan-European lifestyle survey comprising around 20 000 people in 15 European countries divided into 79 regions. The degree of homogeneity in the different nation-states and regions was analysed. The article contributes with new, specific empirical evidence about Europeans' food-related behaviour and attitudes and provides culture-based explanations and interpretations of observed differences and similarities. It is shown that nation/language boundaries still have a strong impact on European food cultures.     

Educating limited resource older adults for better choices to lower risk of food insecurity

United States (U.S.) national and North Carolina state data on older adult food insecurity in combination with associated poor nutrition‐related health outcomes point to a critical need for interventions to improve their food security. Nearly 8% of North Carolinians aged 60 and older and 11% of those aged 50–59 are food insecure, placing North Carolina in the top ten states in the U.S. for food insecurity for both age groups. Therefore, the Better Choices intervention was designed to educate limited‐income older adults in ways to manage their meager resources to purchase more and healthier foods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Better Choices intervention in improving the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of participants concerning their food money resource management. Older adults (n = 453) with ages ranging from 59 to over 90 years participated in 8 weeks of educational programming delivered by educators in 15 participating North Carolina counties. In a cross‐over program design participating counties were randomly assigned to two groups, to create a control for the food money resource management treatment. A three‐points‐in‐time survey supported longitudinal measurement. Independent samples t‐tests showed no significant differences between groups at baseline. Paired sample t‐test results show the intervention was effective with statistically significant improvement of participants' knowledge regarding preparing a healthy meal on a budget, beans as a low‐cost alternative to meat, and the use of unit pricing to compare products to identify the best value. Participant‐developed action plans reflected planned behavior change. Study results show this group of older adults were capable of and willing to adopt new behaviors for a healthier lifestyle. While not a representative sample, the broad applicability of adult learning and planned behavior theories underpinning the program lead us to conclude that the methods and theories applied in this intervention should be of use to educators and practitioners serving limited‐resource older adult populations.     

Organic and local food consumer behaviour: Alphabet Theory

Semi‐structured interviews are conducted to understand why consumers buy organic and/or local foods. The interview findings are consistent with existing theoretical frameworks for explaining environmentally significant behaviour: Value‐Belief‐Norm (VBN) theory and Attitude‐Behaviour‐Context (ABC) theory. Findings show that organic food shoppers in particular are motivated by values, beliefs and the creation of norms. However, the interviews indicate that knowledge (K), information seeking (IS) and habit (H) are also important in understanding why consumers choose organic and local foods. Incorporating demographics (D) as well, the resulting VBN‐ABC‐D‐K‐IS‐H or ‘Alphabet Theory’ is presented as a new framework to explain organic and local food purchase behaviour.