搞好调控是价格改革的关键

我国在经历了15年价格改革之后,以高度集中和单一行政手段为特征的旧的价格管理体制已经基本破除,新的价格管理体制框架正在逐步形成。价格改革取得了举世瞩目的成就。但是,价格调控体系不健全,在一定程度上弱化了利益约束机制,影响着市场形成价格机制的完善和健康有序地运行,影响着产业之间的比价关系和产业结构的优化。     

从计划价格体制向市场价格体制的转换

一、价格改革是经济体制改革的关键我国经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制,以利于进一步解放和发展生产力。社会主义市场经济体制要使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。市场要有效地配置资源,又要同时发挥价值规律和比较利益原则的作用。价值规律要求商品等价交换,     

物价形势及其调控

物价形势及其调控洪峰，宋海明，魏星一、当前物价变动情况及今后走势今年一季度价格总水平继续攀升，１—３月份，全国商品零售价格指数分别比上年同期上升１９．０％、２０．９％、２０．２％，一季度平均上升２０．１％。消费价格指数１—３月份分别上升２１．３％、２...     

价格放开背景下城市居民服务价格监管机制研究

政府价格部门对城市居民服务价格监管有其必要性,本文分析了城市居民服务价格监管的四个难点,提出了城市居民服务价格监管应遵循的四个原则,最后从八个方面提出了健全城市居民服务价格监管的有效机制.     

参考价格与消费者的价格感知

众多的理论与实践研究都证明，消费者内心的价格标准——参考价格是决定其价格感知和购买行为的核心因素，研究参考价格对企业合理定价、与消费者沟通价格信息、开展价格促销具有十分重要的指导意义，文章对西方学者近几十年来的关于参考价格和消费者价格感知方面的理论与实证研究进行了系统的总结，并讨论了这些研究对我国学者及管理者的启示。     

猪肉价格周期、劳动力价格与通货膨胀

猪肉价格周期变动主要是受到劳动力价格水平的变动影响。农民工的工资变动会导致对劳动力价格敏感的养猪户做出放弃养猪(去打工)或增加养猪(放弃打工)的变化,进而导致猪肉价格的升降变动。工业部门中的可贸易部门的工资变动,使猪肉价格周期变动效应放大。关注可贸易部门的劳动力价格的工资变动,可以预测猪肉价格周期,进而可以预测通货膨胀走势。     

论产品价格、劳动力价格与消费需求

价格高水平变动与消费需求变动的关系比较间接。劳动力相对其他商品的价格不断提高，是经济发展表现出的普遍规律。劳动力价格对产品价格不断提高是消费需求持续增长的必要条件。通过企业之间的竞争来实现劳动生产率的提高和非农产业就业人数的增长，是实现大众消费良性循环的根本措施。     

以行业自律价来干预降价竞销并不明智

降价竞销是近年总供求关系发生逆转后的正常现象,不应被贬斥为“不正当竞争行为”。靠实施行业自律价来人为阻止降价促销并不明智,也没有经济法规依据,是价格改革的倒退,导致保护落后、阻碍行业技术进步等适得其反的后果。靠行业垄断定价来保证利税收入会得不偿失。降价压库是扩大内需的重要途径。随着扩张性财政货币政策的落实到位,普遍削价热潮将逐渐退温,行业自律价更成多余     

Poverty-Reducing and Welfare-Improving Marginal Public Price and Price Cap Reforms

This paper extends familiar results on the optimal pricing of publicly provided goods and price cap regulations in a stochastic dominance framework. The key advantage is that the assessment as to whether pricing or price cap reforms are poverty reducing or welfare improving is not contingent on any given social welfare function. Rather, robust assessments of the impact of reforms can be made for wide classes of ethical judgments.     

报纸定价机制和定价策略的思考

报纸作为一种特殊的商品,在市场竞争环境下,既有符合一般商品的定价规律,也有其自身的特点。在市场竞争日益激烈的报业市场中,报纸涨价成为报业集团增加收入的一个有效途径,不同类型报纸有不同的价格特性,需要认真分析报纸涨价的可行性因素,依定价分析的实施步骤对其进行合理定价。     

特征价格法在房地产价格指数中的应用

特征价格法（Hedonic method）是将房地产价格变动中的质量特征因素进行分解，以显现出各项特征的隐含价格。并从价格的总变动中逐项剔除质量特征变动的影响，达到仅仅反映纯价格变动的目的。本文通过双重Imputation过程估计缺失价格和剔除异常值的影响，解决了可比性问题，并增强了Hedonic模型的稳定性。     

Intranational Price Convergence and Price Stickiness: Evidence from Denmark

We show that estimates of the half‐life of deviations from the law of one price are biased when their precision is not taken into account when aggregating data for different types of goods. Using a comprehensive dataset with monthly price data for 124 homogeneous products across regions in Denmark over the period 1997–2010, we find a large positive aggregation bias. On average, we find that the half‐life is 8.4 months when taking the bias into account, compared with 28.7 months when applying the standard method. The heterogeneity in the estimated half‐life can be explained by price stickiness, distance between regions, and whether the good is traded or non‐traded.     

Random Price Discrimination

When a monopolist randomly sorts customers, price discrimination “concavifies” the revenue function of the firm, so that it may be optimal for a monopolist to divide customers into groups that have the same demand function and charge them different prices. It is impossible to rule out this type of result whenever the revenue function is somewhere convex in the “economically relevant” set of quantities, because there always exists a non-decreasing cost function that leads to that conclusion. It is also impossible to rule out the case where, with respect to monopoly, the firm raises or lowers price to all classes and, accordingly, the case where the social welfare decreases or increases. Received December 13, 2001; revised version received June 3, 2002 Published online: February 17, 2003 I am indebted to Carlo Beretta, Giuseppe Colangelo, Umberto Galmarini, Guido Merzoni, Gerd Weinrich and especially to Carla Peri for helpful discussions and comments. I have also benefited from insightful suggestions of three anonymous referees. Finally, I wish to thank participants to seminars at the Catholic University of Milan and University of Bologna. The usual disclaimer applies. Funds from MIUR are gratefully acknowledged.     

Price Discovery Processes

This paper analyzes two price discovery processes: OLS learning from public information and a Bayesian learning made feasible by futures markets. The former tends to produce cobweb behaviour. In the latter, there is no cobweb, there is a faster convergence to Muth Rational Expectations, and the forecast errors are positively serially correlated The evidence drawn from the Sydney Futures Exchange is consistent with the Bayesian learning process.