实际控制人的境外居留权会使民营企业更多避税吗?

近年来,包括民营企业家在内的社会知名人士取得境外居留权的行为成为媒体和公众热议的话题,其中的一个焦点问题是:境外居留权是否会为企业的避税行为创造便利？针对这一现实问题,文章分析了中国民营上市公司实际控制人的境外居留权对企业税收决策的影响.理论分析表明:一方面,境外居留权可能给企业实际控制人从事不合法或不合规的行为提供了“保护伞”,这会使得该类企业更有可能从事避税活动;另一方面,实际控制人具有境外居留权的企业也有可能面临更严格的监管,其税收规避活动更易被发现,从而也有可能会更少地从事避税活动.实证结果显示,当民营上市公司的实际控制人拥有境外居留权时,企业的避税程度显著降低了.这支持了第二种理论路径的预期.进一步的研究发现,当实际控制人拥有上市公司的现金流权比重较高时,境外居留权与企业避税的负相关关系会被显著弱化.这是因为实际控制人的现金流权越大,其从企业节税收益中获得的比重也就越大,从而使得企业具有越强的避税动机.文章补充和拓展了当前关于企业高管(董事特征)影响企业决策的研究文献,对税务部门的相关税收征管工作也有重要的启示.     

我国境外直接投资的目标定位与策略选择

自１９７９年我国第一家境外企业开办到１９９６年底,我国境外非贸易性企业已发展到１９９７家,投资额２１．７亿美元,遍布１３９个国家和地区。虽然我国的境外直接投资已小有规模,但投资效果却并不理想。为提高我国境外直接投资的科学性、有效性,认真研究境外投资的...     

中国企业对避税港的直接投资动因分析

随着我国经济贸易的不断发展,我国企业“走出去”的步伐不断加快,我国企业开始步人对外直接投资阶段,2008年,我国企业对外直接投资全年流量达到559．1亿美元,达到了2003年我国实际利用外资的水平,这其中约三分之二的资金流向避税港地区。本文结合对个例的分析和研究,从中得出避税港地区吸引我国企业大量投资的主要原因。     

对外直接投资视角下的境外罂粟替代产业探析

境外罂粟替代产业是国际禁毒合作的一项创新,也是中国对外直接投资的一条特殊途径。依据替代发展的基本要求,从对外直接投资角度对中国境外罂粟替代产业的相关问题进行剖析,认为,中小企业为主体＂走出去＂进行境外替代产业投资是可行的,更是合理的;在投资方式上,目前采用合作经营或合资经营的方式相比较独资方式更具合理性;企业应选择粮食作物、天然橡胶、生物能源原料、特色农产品、采矿业和基础设施建设作为重点投资领域。     

中国境外直接投资效应的比较研究

在经济全球化蓬勃发展的格局中，吸引外商来华投资与积极与发展境外投资是相辅相成、相得益彰的。根据我国现阶段具体国情，适时适度地开展境外直接投资，不但无妨国内经济发展，反而有助于将国民经济动行纳入内外双向良性循环的轨道通过境外直接投资获得出口贸易拉动效应、经济资源转移效应、产业结构优化效应和国际收支改善效应。     

我国发展境外直接投资的对策研究

在经济发展的新阶段,面对世界经济一体化,我国加速发展境外直接投资已是大势所趋。境外直接投资是我国对外经济合作的重要组成部分。“十一五”是我国境外投资大发展的关键时期,我们必须紧紧抓住机遇,勇敢迎接挑战,认真分析我国对外直接投资的现状,及时采取应对策略,培育和壮大我国的跨国企业,继续深入地推进我国境外直接投资。     

我国境外直接投资的现状与对策

本文分析了我国境外直接投资的现状，利用Granger果检验和协整方法研究发现，现阶段经济增长是推动我国境外直接投资的动因，提出了促进境外直接投资发展的对策。     

我国境外投资产业选择的三层次论

本文从分析我国境外投资产业分布的不足入手 ,论述了境外投资产业选择的作用 ,在此基础上提出了境外投资产业选择的三个基准 ,产业区位比较优势基准、产业内垂直贸易量基准和结构高度同质化基准。以此三个基准 ,说明我国境外投资应该选择 ,区位比较优势产业、产业内贸易量大的产业和结构高度同质化产业三个层次的产业     

对外直接投资风险的识别及控制

经济全球化是经济发展的必然趋势,国际投资合作已成为当前国际经济发展的主题之一。文章从分析对外直接投资风险识别的过程和风险的种类,提出相应的风险控制措施。强调加强对外直接投资风险的识别和防范,避免或降低投资的风险程度,对提高企业的核心竞争力及中国经济具有重要的战略意义。     

社会保障税、投资动机与海外投资

在中国国外投资流入量增速放缓的背景下,如何应对劳动力成本的快速增长造成的东道国优势下降是亟待研究的问题.本文使用134个国家2008—2018年11年的面板数据,采用双向固定效应模型,实证考察了企业社会保障税对海外直接投资的影响.研究结果表明,企业社会保障税率对外国直接投资产生负向影响;企业社会保障税对外国直接投资的负向影响受投资动机的调节作用影响,在生产要素获取动机、非自然资源获取动机与非技术获取动机国家样本中更为显著;企业社会保障税对外国直接投资的负向影响存在经济体和地域差异,在G20国家、亚洲、美洲及非洲国家样本中更为显著.基于实证研究结果,本文提出了基于企业社会保障税率的促进中国海外投资流入的相关政策建议.     

Gradualism In Tax Treaties With Irreversible Foreign Direct Investment*

Bilateral tax treaties govern host country taxation for most of the world's foreign direct investment (FDI). To explain why the tax rates used under these treaties are gradually falling we consider two‐way capital flows with irreversible FDI. The extent of irreversibility determines the magnitude of initial tax reductions. When Pareto‐optimal taxes are not initially self‐enforcing, more modest tax reductions generate an increase in irreversible bilateral FDI so that further tax reductions become self‐enforcing. Depending on the extent of irreversibility and asymmetry, Pareto‐optimal tax rates may be obtainable in the long run.     

吸引外商直接投资对我国产业成长的实效分析

20世纪90年代以来,在“以市场换技术”宗旨的指导下,我国吸引外商直接投资的规模不断扩大,我国国内企业的管理水平和劳动生产率均得到不同程度的提高,并为国内产业的发展起了带动和示范作用。但是,从实践的整体结果来看,“以市场换技术”的战略并没有达到预期目标,市场出让的份额与换回的关键技术的数量严重不对称。市场份额丧失过快,而外商直接投资企业的技术扩散和技术转让对国家整体技术进步的贡献十分有限,影响了我国自主发展能力。     

Tax Policies,Regional Trade Agreements and Foreign Direct Investment: A Welfare Analysis

In this paper, we develop a partial equilibrium three‐country model to examine the relationship between regional trade agreements (RTAs) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in an environment with double taxation. Our analysis shows that FDI is welfare‐improving for at least one or both of the two regional countries if wage asymmetry is significantly large. FDI and an RTA are also welfare‐improving for the high‐wage country and the region if the wage differential is not small. We also examine the role of repatriation taxes in affecting the determination of firm location under an RTA. Our results suggest that the signing of an RTA may induce relocation from the high‐wage country to the low‐wage country unless an increase in the repatriation tax rate also occurs.     

Foreign Debt,Foreign Direct Investment and Volatility

We investigate how foreign debt and foreign direct investment (FDI) affect the growth and welfare of a stochastically growing small open economy. First, we find that foreign debt influences the growth of domestic wealth by lowering the cost of capital, while FDI affects the country's welfare by providing an additional source of permanent income. Second, a decline in domestic investment may improve domestic welfare as FDI replaces the gap. Even when the welfare deteriorates, its magnitude is mitigated, leaving more room for discretionary fiscal policy. Third, a fiscal policy aimed to stabilize domestic output fluctuations needs to be conducted not to crowd out the welfare benefit of FDI too much. Fourth, an economy with both types of foreign capital experiences wider welfare swings by external volatility shocks than the one with foreign debt alone, while the welfare effects from domestic volatility shocks are mitigated. The welfare effects of fiscal shocks are much smaller with both types of foreign capital. Lastly, the first-best labor income tax covers the government absorption by the labor's share of total output, and the capital income tax covers the rest. Investment is penalized or subsidized depending on the social marginal cost-gain differential.     

Foreign Direct Investment and Environmental Taxes

Abstract. This paper studies the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental policy stringency in a two-country model with trade costs, where FDI could be unilateral and bilateral and both governments address local pollution through environmental taxes. We show that FDI does not give rise to ecological dumping because the host country has an incentive to shift rents away from the source country toward the host country. Environmental policy strategies and welfare effects are studied under the assumption that parameter values support FDI to be profitable.     

外商直接投资与金融创新

改革开放20多年以为，中国与世界经济一体化迅速加快，而外商直接投资已经成为中国经济快速增长的关键因素之一。外商直接投资促进了所有制结构多元化的变迁，对中国经济制度的市场化变革提供了持续的推动力。虽然我国金融市场化改革取得了很大成就，但是金融结构和金融制度安排并没有发生实质性的变化。随着中国加入WTO，外商直接投资的深度与广度将得到很大发展，这将推动我国金融结构的金融制度安排和创新。     

外商直接投资再创新高

<正> 中国“入世”的第一年,我国利用外商直接投资更加保持了较高的增长势头,据外经贸部统计,今年1至6月全国新批设立外商投资企业15155家,比去年同期增长26.39％;合同外资金额439.9亿美元,同比增长31.47％;实际使用外资金额245.79亿美元,同比增长18.69％。截至今年6月底,全国累计批准外商投资企业405180家,合同利用外资金额7892.81亿美元,实际使用外资金额4198.02亿美元。主要指标分析 1.增长幅度较大。在2001年我国利用外资进入恢复性增长及中国加入世贸组织后的半年时间里,外商直接投资以前所未有的速度和规模涌入中国。2002年1～6月我国利用     

Controlled Openness and Foreign Direct Investment

The paper investigates why a developing country may adopt a partial reform. A country is considered where the ruling elite (referred to as state capital) prevents the entry of foreign capital, and taxes the private sector before reform. A higher productivity of foreign capital always increases the attractiveness of a partial reform under which state capital can control the inflow of foreign capital, but can reduce the attractiveness of a full reform under which the entry of foreign capital is unregulated. Hence, state capital's control over foreign capital may be a necessary condition for the reform to take place at all.     

Foreign Direct Investment and Contract Enforcement

A long-standing deterrent to foreign direct investment in developing countries is weak enforcement of binding contracts. A local firm may learn business skills from a cooperating multinational firm and subsequently do business on its own based on the acquired skills. In a two-period, double-moral-hazard model, non-binding contracts are shown to be preferred by all parties, implying that contract enforcement is unnecessary. Our results shed light on the puzzling phenomenon that substantial FDI has been carried out under contractual arrangements in developing countries in which contract enforcement is problematic. They can also explain some interesting stylized facts on contractual joint ventures between multinationals and local firms in the early stage of an economic transition.J. Comp. Econom.,December 1998, 26(4), pp. 761–782. School of Business, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.