The Effectiveness of Bank Governance Reforms in the Wake of the Financial Crisis: A Stakeholder Approach

This study examines the impact of bank corporate governance reforms in the wake of the financial crisis. These reforms correspond to criticism of shareholder-focused agency-based corporate governance practices and a renewed focus on the stakeholder impact of corporate governance lapses in the financial sector. This study differs from previous studies of corporate governance in the financial sector in using performance indicators that proxy the interests of customers and the community. Drawing on data from 134 countries over an eight-year period from 2004 to 2011, we find that the post-crisis corporate governance reforms in the banking sector appear to be effective in promoting greater bank attention to non-shareholder stakeholders’ interests. This study provides a means to conceptualize measures of bank performance from a stakeholder perspective in order to test emerging ideas about governance effectiveness in the financial sector.     

金融危机下富国银行生存之道——利益相关者理论视角

2007年7月出现的次贷危机快速演变成席卷全球的金融危机。而美国富国银行却在此次金融危机中逆势发展,以126.8亿美元成功并购美联银行。本文将运用利益相关者理论对富国银行在金融危机中的逆势发展做主要阐述和分析,并探讨其成功之道对我国银行业的借鉴和启示。     

金融自由化风险向金融危机转化的可能性分析

本文认为,发展中国家的金融自由化在提高金融机构效率和赢利的同时,会带来许多新的风险,而且在一定条件下有可能导致金融危机。金融自由化带来的乐观预期和大量国外私人资本的内流会使汇率高估,极易遭受投机的攻击。从带来风险到最终引发金融危机,主要有三个风险阶段,即违约风险阶段、到期不能偿还风险阶段和汇率风险阶段。当金融自由化(如利率自由化、金融业务与机构准入自由化和资本账户自由化)带来的新的风险累积到风险临界值时,在受到国内突发事件、国际金融市场波动和投机资本攻击的情况下,金融自由化风险便会向金融危机演变。     

欧债危机、主权风险冲击与金融传导──来自中国金融市场的证据

本文以三大国际评级机构发布的欧元区17国长期主权信用评级信息作为欧元区主权风险的替代变量,从多市场极端收益联动和市场间传导机制的角度,检验了欧债危机爆发前后欧元区主权风险冲击对中国金融市场的影响机制及其内在传导机理。实证检验结果表明:欧债危机下欧元区主权风险冲击显著增强了中国金融市场间的联合极端收益波动;这一影响在三大评级机构发布的不同欧元区国家主权信用评级信息下和中国不同金融市场间具有显著的差异性;当主权评级调至接近或达到投机级时能对中国金融市场产生系统性的投机级临界效应。本文的实证结论为增强中国政府金融干预和处置能力,从而维护金融体系稳定提供了较强的政策启示。     

Crisis Management and Resolution:Lessons from the Financial Crisis

The recent crisis was unusual in its speed and breadth and the type of countries affected.Systemic crises, situations of significant stress in the financial sector, followed by significant policy interventions, often affect several countries at the same time.In the past, though, crises have been largely limited to specific regions or types of economies, the Nordic countries in the early 1990s, Latin America in the mid-1990s, Asia in the late 1990s, and the emerging market economies of the early 2000s.The recent crisis has been unusual in its global nature, affecting countries with a speed and virulence not seen since the Great Depression, with major advance countries and countries recently integrating with the European Union (EU) most affected.     

基于风险传导视角的金融危机剖析

金融危机的频繁发生,给全球经济造成严重影响。从风险传导的视角出发,通过对传导源、传导载体及传导路径等方面的深入剖析,分析金融政策风险传导的过程,将给金融政策风险管理及金融危机防范提供新的思路。在对比历次金融危机风险传导的过程中,探索其共通规律及差异,为防范金融危机爆发提供有效地建议措施。     

The Financial Performance of Ethical Investment Trusts: An Australian Perspective

This study examines whether differences in financial performance exist for investment trusts which base their portfolio selection primarily on an ethical screen, compared to indexes which incorporate a broader spectrum of investments. Results indicate that on a risk-adjusted basis there is an insignificant difference in the financial performance of these trusts against three common market benchmarks. However as to the extent of the directional effect, there does exist slightly superior financial performance by ethical trusts against their respective industry average indexes, but an underperformance against a smaller company's index and the market as a whole. The lack of a distinct advantage in the short to medium term for applying an ethical screen, may in part be due to the recent development of ethical investments in Australia. Stronger performances by older ethical investment trusts may indicate superior returns are more likely to occur over a longer term.     

金融危机下的日本对华投资情况分析

在金融危机的冲击下,日本企业开始加速拓展海外市场.中国作为日本在亚洲的投资中心,自然是日本企业对外投资的首选.但日本企业对华投资策略日趋向高级化、综合化、多样化的方向发展,节能环保产业期待成为新主角.针对日本企业对外投资策略、投资结构的新动向、新趋势,我国应给予认真分析和关注.各地要立足本地、本土资源和优势条件,把引进日本直接投资与本地近期和长远战略发展规划目标结合起来,卓有成效地开展对日本的招商引资工作.     

Financial Reform after the Crisis: An Early Assessment

Financial reform has been a core dimension of the initial global policy response to the financial turmoil of 2007-08.At the first G-20 summit of heads of state and government in November 2008,more than four-fifths of the action points in the final declaration were about financial regulation.Obviously,the crisis is not over at the time of writing,and the cycle of financial reform it triggered is very far from complete.But it can be said confidently that the crisis has been transformational for financial regulatory policy,at least in the United States and Europe.     

金融危机条件下我国服务贸易发展分析

尽管受到全球金融危机的影响,2008年世界服务贸易仍保持强劲的增长势头。目前我国服务业和服务贸易的发展呈现出传统服务贸易行业出口增速放缓、服务贸易逆差规模反弹等特点。我国政府应继续加大政策支持力度,建立完善的金融体系,积极拓宽服务贸易领域,分散风险,积极发展服务外包产业。     

What Ethical Leadership Means to Me: Asian,American, and European Perspectives

Despite the increasingly multinational nature of the workplace, there have been few studies of the convergence and divergence in beliefs about ethics-based leadership across cultures. This study examines the meaning of ethical and unethical leadership held by managers in six societies with the goal of identifying areas of convergence and divergence across cultures. More specifically, qualitative research methods were used to identify the attributes and behaviors that managers from the People’s Republic of China (the PRC), Hong Kong, the Republic of China (Taiwan), the United States (the U.S.), Ireland, and Germany attribute to ethical and unethical leaders. Across societies, six ethical leadership themes and six unethical leadership themes emerged from a thematic analysis of the open-ended responses. Dominant themes for ethical and unethical leadership for each society are identified and examined within the context of the core cultural values and practices of that society. Implications for theory, research, and management practice are discussed.     

财务危机预警系统在商业银行信贷风险管理中的应用

目前,商业银行信贷风险管理中财务分析存在的贷款企业资料不真实、现金流量没得到应有重视、财务分析手段不丰富等主要问题,都会引发财务危机。在信贷风险管理中应用财务危机预警系统,通过对上市公司运营因子、盈利因子、偿债因子、成长因子、现金流量因子、规模因子、行业因子、股权集中度因子的分析,能够及时发现企业可能带来的危机影响。商业银行应准确合理地选择财务危机预警指标,为信贷风险管理提供强有力的依据;建立财务危机预警模型应在会计信息真实完整的基础上,通过对会计信息进行加工、处理来完成。     

美国金融危机和亚洲金融危机起因的比较

<正>2008年下半年,由美国次贷危机引发的金融危机席卷全球,至今尚未见底。1997年7月2日,泰国宣布放弃固定汇率制,实行浮动汇率制,引发了一场遍及东南亚的金融风暴,1999年才结束,这就是亚洲金融危机。两次金融危机爆发前后相距11年。本文探讨了前后两次金融危机的起因,以期对我国金融业有所警示。     

Organizational Virtue and Stakeholder Interdependence: An Empirical Examination of Financial Intermediaries and IPO Firms

Organizational virtue orientation (OVO), an organizational-level construct, refers to the integrated set of beliefs and values that support ethical character traits and virtuous behaviors. To advance the study of organizational virtue, we examine OVO in firms making their initial public offerings (IPOs), with respect to key external stakeholders that serve as financial intermediaries (i.e., venture capital firms and underwriting banks). Drawing on stakeholder and resource dependence theories, we argue that mutual interdependencies occur between financial intermediaries and IPO firms such that venture capital firms’ ownership levels and underwriter reputation are positively associated with the selection of more virtuous IPO firms. We also argue for the moderating relationship of IPO firm age on these main relationships; since IPO firms have more history and information availability, less importance will be placed on OVO in the selection process. In support of our hypotheses, the results of this study suggest the organizational virtue of IPO firms influences the selection decisions of financial intermediaries by reflecting positively on these key stakeholders to improve legitimacy and reputation.     

Financial Crisis and Productivity Evolution: Evidence from Indonesia

We examine how the productivity of different industries changes over the course of a financial crisis by exploiting cross‐firm, within‐industry differences in productivity resulting from the Asian financial crisis of 1997. We show that the crisis coincided with dramatic changes in productivity and that many of these changes were sustained in the long run. In particular, an increasing number of industries experienced decreases in average firm productivity during the crisis and did not recover. Further, we find that changes in industrial productivity in the recovery period are driven not by increases in the productivity of existing firms, but rather by the entry of new firms and changes to the reallocation of market share. Finally, we find that foreign exporters' productivity was the least impacted by the crisis, suggesting that only access to alternate forms of both capital and international markets can help to smooth investment and maintain productivity over a financial crisis.     

金融危机理论及危机拯救:一个比较分析

美国金融危机席卷全球,各国采取措施减少金融海啸的冲击。小国金融危机是大国与小国间的经济失衡及大国利用优势货币转嫁和分散风险的结果,具有外生性;大国金融危机是内部经济风险累积不可调和的产物,具有内生性。因而在拯救金融危机的策略上大国利用其国际货币地位和完善金融体系转嫁风险或分散危机;小国则要通过技术升级和产业结构调整才能摆脱金融危机及其冲击。