带有结构突变的单位根检验 ——文献综述

单位根检验是时间序列分析的基础，而是否考虑结构突变对单位根检验的结论有着重要影响，因此，考虑结构突变的单位根检验已成为计量经济学界的一个前沿热点问题。本文回顾了这一问题的发展历史，总结了该领域已取得的一些重要研究成果，最后对该问题最新的发展动向加以概括。     

带有结构突变的单位根检验——文献综述

单位根检验是时间序列分析的基础,而是否考虑结构突变对单位根检验的结论有着重要影响,因此,考虑结构突变的单位根检验已成为计量经济学界的一个前沿热点问题。本文回顾了这一问题的发展历史,总结了该领域已取得的一些重要研究成果,最后对该问题最新的发展动向加以概括。     

含结构突变的趋势平稳过程的虚假单位根研究

本文发现Perron（1989）在趋势突变情形下的结论“统计量的极限分布会随着突变点位置参数的变化收敛在0到1/2之间”值得商榷,原因在于模型设定中出现了错误,导致在结构突变的趋势平稳过程的数据生成过程下,统计量的极限分布在截距突变的情况下发散而在斜率突变的情况下退化。本文对其进行修正并补充推导了三种含结构突变的趋势平稳过程的单位根检验统计量的分布,并给出能够证实和证伪的蒙特卡洛模拟结果。     

基于局部多项式回归去势的非线性趋势序列的单位根检验

本文首先利用局部多项式回归来去除确定性趋势,然后利用残差差分序列长短时方差比进行单位根检验。该方法不用考虑趋势的具体形式及设定问题,因而也就回避了对趋势设定的检验问题。其次,本文研究了检验统计量的极限分布,仿真研究了窗宽的选择问题,以及残差相关与不相关时的检验水平与检验功效。最后,检验结果表明该方法是有效的。     

考虑结构突变时确定性趋势的估计与单位根检验式的选择——基于可行广义最小二乘估计的分析

单位根的检验功效依赖于回归检验式中的确定性趋势,而趋势估计量的分布又取决于序列的平稳性,两者相互制约。鉴于此,本文借鉴了Perron和Yabu(2009)提出的可行广义最小二乘估计,推导了相关统计量的分布,在考虑结构突变的情况下,构造了一套确定性趋势的估计和推断程序,并通过蒙特卡罗模拟对该程序的有限样本性质进行了分析。结论显示,大多数情形下根据该程序进行的单位根检验具有较高功效。     

考虑结构突变的单位根检验程序研究——基于“新息异常值模型”的Perron检验分析

Perron检验是一种考虑结构突变的单位根检验方法,检验统计量的分布依赖于数据生成过程中所包含的确定性趋势和所选取的检验回归式;而在实证分析中真实的数据生成过程是未知的,这使得单位根检验缺乏必要依据,因而探寻科学有效的单位根检验程序是受到广泛关注的问题。基于此,本文在"IO模型"分析框架下,依据Perron检验提出了一套考虑结构突变的单位根检验程序,并通过蒙特卡洛模拟分析了该程序在有限样本情形下的表现。本研究完善了带有结构突变的单位根检验理论,为实证分析提供了有益的建议和参考。     

购买力平价与金融危机基于结构突变下的面板单位根检验

本文采用外生结构突变下面板数据单位根检验方法和传统的检验方法,比较研究了东南亚七国或地区的实际汇率受金融危机冲击的影响,发现东南亚七国或地区的实际汇率是带有结构突变的退势平稳过程,外生结构突变条件下的面板单位根检验结果支持购买力平价理论,实际汇率对购买力平价的背离是短期的：但在不考虑结构突变的情况下,却得出不同的结论,而蒙特卡洛模拟实验表明前者更为可信。     

基于残差的非对称单位根自助法检验研究

本文在研究非对称单位根检验EG法并指出其优缺点的基础上,应用基于残差的块形非参数自助法(RBB法)对EG法进行了改进,并对改进后的新方法进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,新的EG法不仅可以降低原EG法的检验水平扭曲,而且也具有比较高的检验势(甚至在对称单位根检验中)。同时在仿真中也发现,通过RBB法改进后的EG法可以在一定程度上克服ADF法在近单位根过程中的低势缺陷。     

我国区域能源消费与经济增长关系的实证分析——基于面板单位根检验与协整检验的研究

文章运用Panel Data的单位根检验、协整检验及误差修正模型对我国东、中、西部三个地区的国内生产总值和能源消费之间的关系进行论证分析。结果表明,我国三个地区的GDP和能源消费之间都存在长期协整关系。通过进一步的Granger因果关系检验发现：在5%显著性水平下,东部地区存在由能源消费到GDP单向的短期因果关系,西部地区短期内则存在能源消费与GDP的双向因果关系。不仅如此,长期来看,西部地区存在由GDP到能源消费的单向因果关系,中部地区的检验结果不同于东部和中部地区,无论是在长期还是短期,中部地区的GDP和能源消费之间不存在任何长期或短期的因果关系。最后提出相应的政策建议。     

我国地区经济增长的随机性趋同研究——基于综列数据单位根检验

本文在对趋同的不同定义进行梳理的基础上，采用我国各省1952～2004年人均实际GDP序列，运用综列数据单位根检验，从随机性趋同的角度分析了我国地区内和地区间经济增长的趋同性。结果表明，从时间序列分析的角度来看，1952-2004年，我国各地区间不存在随机性趋同，但是，1952-2004年尤其是1978-2004年，我国部分区域存在俱乐部趋同的现象。     

非线性时序模型LM检验的两类临界值检验统计功效比较

本文基于模拟方法比较了不同非线性时序模型的LM检验的功效和规模,同时也考虑一般化线性检验BDS检验参与比较,目的在于探讨蒙特一卡洛渐近法检验与自举法（bootstrap）检验的两类临界值的统计功效何者更为有效。通过实证与对比分析,结果表明,当样本小于200或自回归系数接近单位根,或者线性性检验是ARCHT或BDS时,就可以考虑应用自举法临界值而非渐近临界值。而且还发现,BDS检验仅在一般性上优于LM检验。     

The effect of minimum wage hikes on employment: Evidence from regional panel data from Romania

Minimum wage hikes aim to increase the income of low-wage workers and improve their labour market participation. However, there are concerns that large increases may reduce employment, especially in countries where minimum wages increased quickly and whose competitiveness depends, at least partly, on low production costs. This study examines the employment effect of large increases in the minimum wage in Romania between 2008 and 2016. It uses regional (NUTS III) data and dynamic panel methods. The results do not support the hypothesis that minimum wage hikes reduce employment. They are robust to the use of different econometric methods, plausible variations of the specification and definitions of the key variables. Moreover, the results suggest insignificant effects even for low wage, less developed or high unemployment regions.     

The interplay between regulation and efficiency: Evidence from the Austrian hospital inpatient sector

The Austrian health policy aims to maintain and even expand high-quality health care. The implementation of an integrated master plan, which contains input and output target values for the overall health care system, is an important regulatory intervention. To support the regulatory authorities, efficiency studies that simultaneously reveal input and output improvement potential can be promising. To serve this purpose, we computed bootstrapped non-oriented super-efficiency measures to identify any improvement potential in inputs and outputs for the Austrian hospital inpatient sector for four years. Variations in hospital efficiency were investigated using non-parametric post-efficiency analyses.     

The external returns to education: Evidence from Chinese cities

Following Rauch's seminal study, there has been a growing interest among economists in estimating human capital externalities at the individual level [J. Rauch, Productivity gains from geographic concentration of human capital: Evidence from the cities, Journal of Urban Economics 34 (1993) 380–400]. In this paper, we provide a first set of estimates of the external returns to education in Chinese cities. We find that the external returns are at least as high as the private returns to education. OLS estimates of the external returns range from a low of 4.9% to a high of 6.7%. Two-stage least squares estimates indicate that a one-year increase in city average education could increase individual earnings by between 11 and 13%. We also examine the impact of economic reforms on the external returns to education and find suggestive evidence that economic reforms have raised the external returns to education in Chinese cities.     

The going-public decision and rent-seeking activities: Evidence from Chinese private companies

This paper examines the determinants and consequences of going public for Chinese private companies during the process of reforms and opening up in China with a full sample that includes 584 initial public offerings (IPOs) of private companies and 584 of non-listed private companies from 2006 to 2014. Our results first reveal that the decision to go public is positively correlated to firm size and the market-to-book (MTB) ratio of the corresponding industry and negatively correlated to financial leverage and firm age. However, when considering the role of rent-seeking activities, the effect of the MTB ratio switches from positive to negative. The evidence also indicates that IPOs have a negative impact on firm performance, although they have a positive impact on the asset liability ratio and total assets afterwards. These findings offer several useful insights for policymakers and researchers.     

The Economic Consequences of Increased Disclosure: Evidence from Cross-Listings of Chinese Firms

In this paper, we investigate the impact of cross‐listings on information asymmetry risk, the cost of capital and firm value of a group of cross‐listed Chinese companies. Our paper is the first to examine the effect of cross‐listing on information asymmetry risk. Because cross‐listed firms are subject to increased disclosure requirements, increased regulatory scrutiny and increased legal liability, we propose that Chinese cross‐listed firms have lower information asymmetry risk, lower cost of capital and higher firm value than their non‐cross‐listed counterparts. We find in both univariate and multivariate tests that cross‐listed firms enjoyed lower information asymmetry risk in the domestic market compared with the non‐cross‐listed firms. We also find that cross‐listed firms have lower cost of capital in the cross‐listing market than non‐cross‐listed firms in the domestic markets. Finally, we find that cross‐listed firms are associated with higher firm value as measured by Tobin's Q. These results have implications for international investors and companies seeking cross‐listing opportunities.     

Determinants of Export Performance: Evidence from Chinese Industries

This paper empirically investigates the determinants of Chinese export performance using cross-sectional data at the industry level. We find that the export performance of different industries is significantly influenced by labour costs, foreign direct investment (FDI) and firm size, and thus open to a variety of explanations offered by traditional and new trade theories. These findings indicate that Chinese industrial sectors have realised their comparative advantages, but point to the need for the industries to upgrade their export structure in order to sustain growth. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Information Content of Earnings Components: Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market

China's listed firms report substantial non-operating revenues and expenses. We argue that these non-core earnings should have different properties and different valuation implications than operating or core earnings. Furthermore, the different types of firm ownership may have differential impacts on the information content of earnings components. Based on data from 1996 to 2008, we find that core earnings are more persistent than non-core earnings. Because of this, core earnings have a greater association with contemporaneous stock returns. However, the stock market does not fully incorporate all the information in earnings; we find that core earnings are undervalued and non-core earnings are overvalued. This effect is much reduced for privately controlled listed firms. We develop an investment trading strategy to exploit these market inefficiencies.     

银行监督的动态治理效应分析——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

财务理论与实证研究认为,银行作为企业一个重要的利益相关者,能够对借款人形成积极的治理效应。银行实践中是通过事前监督、事中与事后监督这样一个动态机制来实现其作用的。在区别了银行监督与债权治理、债务治理的基础上,实证分析了银行监督在不同阶段的治理效应。结果表明,银行的事前监督是有效的,这可以极大地降低逆向选择风险,但事中与事后监督呈无效性特点,这说明道德风险的隐患仍然不容忽视。