城市建设统计分析方法综述

统计分析方法以其定量分析、准确论断、科学预测等优势被应用于社会各个领域,城市建设工作的顺利开展离不开统计分析方法的运用,文章对统计分析方法的运用现状、重要性、形成发展、基本类型与国内外学者的研究等进行分析与概述。     

城市建设统计分析方法综述

统计分析方法以其定量分析、准确论断、科学预测等优势被应用于社会各个领域,城市建设工作的顺利开展离不开统计分析方法的运用,文章对统计分析方法的运用现状、重要性、形成发展、基本类型与国内外学者的研究等进行分析与概述。     

城市建设统计分析方法综述

统计分析方法以其定量分析、准确论断、科学预测等优势被应用于社会各个领域,城市建设工作的顺利开展离不开统计分析方法的运用,文章对统计分析方法的运用现状、重要性、形成发展、基本类型与国内外学者的研究等进行分析与概述。     

赤拟谷盗基因组中microRNA的生物信息学预测与进化分析

本文通过计算机编程技术以及预测miRNA的RNAfold和Triplet-SVM软件在赤拟谷盗基因组中预测了43个miRNA。进一步对预测的miRNA进行长度统计以及保守性分析。     

Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping of Disease Susceptibility Genes in Human Populations

The paper reviews recent work on statistical methods for using linkage disequilibrium to locate disease susceptibility genes, given a set of marker genes at known positions in the genome. The paper starts by considering a simple deterministic model for linkage disequilibrium and discusses recent attempts to elaborate it to include the effects of stochastic influences, of drift, by the use of either Writht-Fisher models or by approaches based on the coalescence of the genealogy of the sample of disease chromosomes. Most of this first part of the paper concerns a series of diallelic markers and, in this case, the models so far proposed are hierarchical probability models for multivariate binary data. Likelihoods are intractable and most approaches to linkage disequilibrium mapping amount to marginal models for pairwise associations between individual markers and the disease susceptibility locus. Approaches to evalutation of a full likelihood require Monte Carlo methods in order to integrate over the large number of unknowns. The fact that the initial state of the stochastic process which has led to present-day allele frequencies is unknown is noted and its implications for the hierarchical probability model is discussed. Difficulties and opportunities arising as a result of more polymorphic markers and extended marker haplotypes are indicated. Connections between the hierarchical modelling approach and methods based upon identity by descent and haplotype sharing by seemingly unrelated case are explored. Finally problems resulting from unknown modes of inheritance, incomplete penetrance, and phenocopies are briefly reviewed.     

金融稳定评估方法综述

由于金融内在脆弱性,加上金融创新此起彼伏、金融机构之间竞争加剧、分业经营壁垒消除、金融全球化速度加快,金融业不稳定性不断增加。因此,对金融稳定的评估日益重要。文章就国内外学者和金融从业人员等对金融稳定的定义、内涵的界定及评估方法的研究进行了综述,针对各评估方法优缺点进行了分析,对金融稳定的评估有一定的指导意义。     

Statistical Issues in fMRI for Brain Imaging

Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a technique developed in the last decade and used in the fields of cognitive psychology and neuroscience, among others, to study the processes underlying the working of the human brain. In this paper we examine some of the statistical issues in functional magnetic resonance imaging for brain research. We start by giving a brief introduction to the physics of magnetic resonance imaging. Using a psychological experiment as a case study, we then describe questions of design and statistical analysis. The data obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies are of a highly complex nature, displaying both spatial and temporal correlation, as well as high levels of noise from different sources. Given this, the scope for statistics is vast, and is not limited to simple analysis of the data, once collected.     

Health Effects of Air Pollution: A Statistical Review

We critically review and compare epidemiological designs and statistical approaches to estimate associations between air pollution and health. More specifically, we aim to address the following questions:

• 1 Which epidemiological designs and statistical methods are available to estimate associations between air pollution and health?
• 2 What are the recent methodological advances in the estimation of the health effects of air pollution in time series studies?
• 3 What are the the main methodological challenges and future research opportunities relevant to regulatory policy?

In question 1, we identify strengths and limitations of time series, cohort, case‐crossover and panel sampling designs. In question 2, we focus on time series studies and we review statistical methods for: 1) combining information across multiple locations to estimate overall air pollution effects; 2) estimating the health effects of air pollution taking into account of model uncertainties; 3) investigating the consequences of exposure measurement error in the estimation of the health effects of air pollution; and 4) estimating air pollution‐health exposure‐response curves. Here, we also discuss the extent to which these statistical contributions have addressed key substantive questions. In question 3, within a set of policy‐relevant‐questions, we identify research opportunities and point out current data limitations.     

Statistical Disclosure Control Methods for Census Frequency Tables

This paper provides a review of common statistical disclosure control (SDC) methods implemented at statistical agencies for standard tabular outputs containing whole population counts from a census (either enumerated or based on a register). These methods include record swapping on the microdata prior to its tabulation and rounding of entries in the tables after they are produced. The approach for assessing SDC methods is based on a disclosure risk–data utility framework and the need to find a balance between managing disclosure risk while maximizing the amount of information that can be released to users and ensuring high quality outputs. To carry out the analysis, quantitative measures of disclosure risk and data utility are defined and methods compared. Conclusions from the analysis show that record swapping as a sole SDC method leaves high probabilities of disclosure risk. Targeted record swapping lowers the disclosure risk, but there is more distortion of distributions. Small cell adjustments (rounding) give protection to census tables by eliminating small cells but only one set of variables and geographies can be disseminated in order to avoid disclosure by differencing nested tables. Full random rounding offers more protection against disclosure by differencing, but margins are typically rounded separately from the internal cells and tables are not additive. Rounding procedures protect against the perception of disclosure risk compared to record swapping since no small cells appear in the tables. Combining rounding with record swapping raises the level of protection but increases the loss of utility to census tabular outputs. For some statistical analysis, the combination of record swapping and rounding balances to some degree opposing effects that the methods have on the utility of the tables.     

企业财务预警的研究方法及其改进——基于文献综述

企业财务预警研究方法经历了趋势分析、判别分析、人工智能技术、传统方法的改进和前沿技术的采用四个发展阶段.作为方法的改进,基于聚类、粗糙集、神经网络的财务困境预警方法更具有科学性.     

Social Structural Inquiries – Part 2: Statistical Methods and Process Models

A tightened linkage between theory and data would enhance cumulative sociological knowledge. Toward that end this article selectivity reviews and develops social structural theories – theories that explain data. It focuses on statistical methods and process models because both approaches advance cumulative social science, and the tension between their advocates works against disciplinary solidarity. Boudon’s structural schematics cover all of the examples, suggesting a common perspective that can lessen the friction among practitioners of these forms of quantitative analysis and refocus much of the diversity of current sociology. An erratum to this article is available at .     

A Review and Comparison of Bandwidth Selection Methods for Kernel Regression

Over the last decades, several methods for selecting the bandwidth have been introduced in kernel regression. They differ quite a bit, and although there already exist more selection methods than for any other regression smoother, one can still observe coming up new ones. Given the need of automatic data‐driven bandwidth selectors for applied statistics, this review is intended to explain and, above all, compare these methods. About 20 different selection methods have been revised, implemented and compared in an extensive simulation study.     

On Some Statistical Methods for Modelling the Incidence of Poverty

This paper analyzes a common method of estimating the pattern of individual characteristics associated with poverty – the logit/probit technique applied to a dummy variable identifying those individuals who are below a poverty line. We show that this procedure is seriously flawed by a fundamental logical difficulty and further statistical complications when the poverty line is estimated or when generalized poverty measures are used. An alternative approach is proposed, based on a semi-parametric series expansion appproximation to the conditional income distribution. Estimation, testing and summary procedures are established and applied to Hungarian survey data.     

人力资源价值会计货币计量方法综述

人力资源价值会计是发展至今比较成熟的人力资源会计模式,对其计量方法的研究成果颇丰。本文通 过总结国内外较成熟的人力资源价值货币计量方法,为进一步开展这方面的研究提供条件和根据。     

盈余管理实证研究方法综述

盈余管理实证研究方法主要包括总体应计模型、特定应计模型和频率分布方法。国内目前主要运用总体应计模型和频率分布方法进行盈余管理研究。此外，结合国内情况，对如何进一步研究盈余管理提供了建议。     

Mapping Business Model Research: A Document Bibliometric Analysis

Today, the business model (BM) is one of the most studied concepts within managerial and innovation literature. Although scholars have shown a growing interest in understanding and analysing the BM, a theoretical conceptualization is still lacking. This paper provides a systematic review of the current state of BM research by mapping the research landscape to identify key research publications, journals that had relevance in developing the BM literature, and the main areas of research. Using the ISI Web of Knowledge “core collection”, this study conducts a document bibliometric analysis of 3,604 publications in the fields of management and business that were published between 1985 and 2017. The use of quantitative methods allowed us to overcome the shortcomings of the past subjective literature reviews. We clustered the selected articles on the basis of two distinct perspectives. First, we identified the founders of the discipline, creating a map of co-cited articles (co-citation analysis); this enabled us to identify five major research clusters, formed on the basis of similar co-citations, that characterize the historical evolution of the BM studies. Second, throughout the bibliographic coupling analysis, which aggregates articles sharing a similar bibliography, we captured the main emergent research sub-fields of the most recent BM literature.     

提高设计评审有效性的方法

本文介绍了设计评审的组织与管理程序，在对设计评审现状进行分析的基础上，提出了提高设计评审效果及其质量的控制方法，并指出在设计评审的组织与管理中应注意的问题。     

浅议古建筑测绘各种目的与方法

分析了古建筑测绘的工程目的和教学目的异同,探讨了工程实施根据工程目的与教学实践根据教学目的不同采用相应的测绘技术方法,测绘类和建筑类专业的学生根据教学目的不同侧重学习相应的测绘技术方法。