Water quality monitoring: the basis for watershed management in the Oldman River Basin, Canada.

The Oldman River flows 440 km from its headwaters in south-western Alberta, through mountains, foothills and plains into the South Saskatchewan River. Peak flows occur in May and June. Three major reservoirs, together with more than a dozen other structures, supply water to nine irrigation districts and other water users in the Oldman basin. Human activity in the basin includes forestry, recreation, oil and gas development, and agriculture, including a large number of confined livestock feeding operations. Based on the perception of basin residents that water quality was declining and of human health concern, the Oldman River Basin Water Quality Initiative was formed in 1997 to address the concerns. There was limited factual information, and at the time there was a desire for finger pointing. Results (1998-2002) show that mainstem water quality remains good whereas tributary water quality is more of a challenge. Key variables of concern are nutrients, bacteria and pesticides. Point source discharges are better understood and better regulated, whereas non-point source runoff requires more attention. Recent data on Cryptosporidium and Giardia species are providing benefit for focusing watershed management activities. The water quality data collected is providing a foundation to implement community-supported urban and rural better management practices to improve water quality.     

海河流域水资源和水生态环境问题刍议

在简要介绍海河流域水资源过度开发利用和水生态环境严重恶化状况的基础上,提出了修复水资源利用的可持续性和水生态环境的目标,建议采取建设节水型社会、加快水污染防治、抓紧南水北调工程建设、提高调控洪涝水能力和加强管理等对策和措施。     

黄河水权转换工作中应重视的几个问题

在宁夏回族自治区和内蒙古自治区率先开展的水权转换试点工作中，取得了一些进展，存在一些亟待改进的方法和问题。通过对问题的分析，提出了进一步完善初始水权分配、建立健全水权制度、编制总体可研、严格控制水权转换额度以及加强基础工作研究等建议。     

塔里木河流域水权制度建设的特点及问题分析

塔里木河流域水权制度建设,围绕流域初始水权分配、水权保障机制建设和水权实时管理能力建设逐步展开,并实施了“三层一体”的管理协调体制,对水量实行年计划、月调节、旬调度的实时调度,在水权制度建设方面取得了重要成果,但也存在一些问题,在今后的水权制度建设中有待进一步完善。     

对松花江流域水利发展有关问题的认识和体会

历经5年时间,《松花江流域综合规划》于2013年3月获国务院正式批复。对松花江流域规划编制过程中涉及的流域水资源配置、灌溉发展思路、如何处理发展与保护的关系、调整丰满水电站任务、利用洪水资源及推广水稻控制灌溉技术等重大问题进行了分析和探讨,为进一步理解和贯彻规划提供参考。     

黄河水资源管理调度现状与展望

从黄河来水、用水、时空分布、下垫面对水资源的影响等方面，分析了黄河流域水资源的特点及开发利用情况．提出了存在的问题，并阐述了应对措施。据统计，黄河水资源开发远远高于国际公认的河流开发利用率40％的警戒线。黄河河道内生态和输沙用水大量被挤占。1987年，国务院批准了黄河可供水量分配方案，黄河率先实施了以流域为单元的取水许可总量控制管理，1999年开始正式实施黄河水量统一调度。     

Comprehensive River Basin Planning in Canada: Problems and Opportunities

ABSTRACT

River basin planning is falling into disrepute because of a frequent failure to make the transition from planning to implementation. Four reasons have contributed to this problem. First, it appears that comprehensive plans m y not be required for all basins. Second, recommendations often are too numerous, ambiguous or abstract to help implementing agencies. Third, lengthy periods of time, needed to facilitate public participation and accountability, are used during planning. Fourth, adequate institutional arrangements do not exist to facilitate coordination of management functions and activities during both planning and implementation. Examples of these problems are presented from river basin management experiences across Canada.     

国内外水权交易现状及黄河水权转换特点

通过对国外水权交易及水市场状况以及国内水权交易的分析，提出黄河水权转换必须根据黄河的特点,结合黄河流域的实际情况进行不断的探索和创新，形成具有黄河特色的水权转换体系。     

海河流域生态恢复问题研究

围绕海河流域生态恢复主题,依次介绍了海河流域的生态环境现状、生态恢复水平的考虑因素、生态恢复水平的确定、生态恢复的可能性、生态恢复的对策和措施。特别是,针对城市生态区、农村生态区、湿地和洼淀生态区及地下水4个功能区的实际,分别制定了相应的生态恢复水平,提出了南水北调是基础、节水是必由之路、污水回用是第一步、管理体制是关键的生态恢复措施。     

Regional water quality management for the Dong Nai River Basin, Vietnam.

A three-year study that started solely as an industrial pollution reduction effort in Dong Nai Province of Vietnam expanded into an ongoing regional river basin water quality management effort. The project was a cooperative effort between the United Nations (UNDP and UNIDO) and the Federal and Provincial governments in Vietnam. A comprehensive approach was used to assess the impacts and strategies for reducing industrial, municipal and agricultural pollution to the water, air and land. The strategy was based upon use of knowledge in four subject areas, economics, ecology, technology and institutions, integrated within a framework for regional environmental quality management, sometimes called Areawide Environmental Quality Management (AEQM). Dong Nal Province encompasses a major developing area immediately north of Ho Chi Minh City. The land area chosen for the AEQM study is the 1,400 square kilometre region in and around Bien Hoa that drains into the Dong Nai River. The Dong Nai River serves many purposes including navigation, fisheries and a water supply for both the Province and Ho Chi Minh City. Extensive industrial and residential development was underway and was projected to increase in the coming decade. A strategy for the control of pollution from liquid, gaseous and solid wastes for the period 1998 to 2010 in Dong Nai Province was developed.     

Historical climate and stream flow trends and future water demand analysis in the Calgary region, Canada.

The city of Calgary has been one of fastest growing cities in Canada in recent years. Rapid population growth and a warming climate trend have raised concerns about sustainable water supply. In this study, historic climate, stream flow and population data are analyzed in order to develop models of future climate trends and river-water resource availability. Daily water demands for the next 60 years were projected using the relationship between daily maximum temperature and water demand under simulated climate and population growth scenarios. To maintain sustainable growth Calgary will require water conservation efforts that reduce per capita water use to less than half of the current level over the next 60 years, an interval when the civic population is expected to be doubled.     

对长江流域片水利统计工作的探讨

结合长江流域片五省(直辖市)水利统计工作的现状和经验做法,指出存在的问题与不足。针对部分基层单位对统计工作不重视、统计队伍不稳定、统计基础工作不扎实、统计报表欠规范、统计分析工作薄弱等问题,提出进一步完善统计制度、增强统计能力的对策建议。     

引黄供水中的两水分供与计费探讨

随着黄河区域工农业生产的发展和人民生活的改善,黄河水资源的供需矛盾日益突出。在担负农业用水和非农业供水的同一渠系内实行“两水分供、两费分计”是以河养河的重要举措,对水资源的优化配置、节约和高效利用黄河水,增加供水单位效益,促进人与黄河和谐相处均具有十分重要的意义。     

鉴江流域水安全问题及人类活动影响分析

水滋养了人类,但人类又面临水带来的生存安全危机.本文在简单介绍水安全的概念及其内涵的基础上,从水安全涉及的问题出发,分析了鉴江流域目前存在的危及社会经济发展和人民生存的水安全问题,如洪涝灾害频繁、水环境污染、饮水安全等;并探讨了人类活动对流域水安全的影响作用,最后针对鉴江流域的水安全现状提出一些应对的措施.     

鉴江流域水安全问题及人类活动影响分析

水滋养了人类,但人类叉面临水带来的生存安全危机。本文在简单介绍水安全的概念及其内涵的基础上,从水安全涉及的问题出发,分析了鉴江流域目前存在的危及社会经济发展和人民生存的水安全问题,如洪涝灾害频繁、水环境污染、饮水安全等;并探讨了人类活动对流域水安全的影响作用,最后针对鉴江流域的水安全现状提出一些应对的措施。     

科学推进长江流域水量分配工作

流域水量分配是实行最严格水资源管理制度的基础工作,通过统筹协调、合理配置,有利于实现水资源节约保护和合理开发,促进水资源可持续利用。2011年以来,水利部长江水利委员会会同流域内各省(自治区、直辖市)开展了汉江、嘉陵江等跨省江河流域的水量分配工作,确定了流域内各省份水量分配份额,明确了重要控制断面及其下泄流量指标,为实施流域水资源统一调度,强化水资源监管提供了基础。结合长江流域实际,提出了开展水量分配工作重点和下一步建议。     

长江流域水资源供需分析

长江流域水资源总量相对丰富,但时空分布不均。随着长江流域国民经济的持续增长、人口规模的不断扩大、城镇化与工业化的加快发展以及保障生态环境建设的用水要求不断增加,水资源的需求将不断增长,对流域水资源综合开发利用提出了更高的要求。在对长江流域水资源及其开发利用现状的分析基础上进行供需平衡分析,其成果为有效控制和管理流域水资源的开发利用、促进水资源的优化配置、提高水资源利用效率和效益、实现水资源可持续利用提供了技术支撑和决策依据。     

Integrated modeling and assessment of water resources and water environment in the Yellow River Basin

An integrated model is established to simulate both hydrological processes and accompanied pollutant transfer processes in the Yellow River Basin. The model couples distributed hydrological model WEP-L (Water and Energy transfer Processes in Large river basins) and a newly developed water quality module which includes simulation functions of soil erosion and sediment transport, and non-point and point sources transfer to rivers. To overcome the defects of traditional water quality assessment, two aspects of improvement are conducted. One is the improvement of the traditional characteristic channel length approach, i.e., the product of multiplying channel length by lateral section area is selected as a new assessment criterion to reflect the different contributions of small channels and big ones, thus making the assessment results more objective. The other is the suggestion of integrated assessment approach for both water at channel lateral sections and water generated in sub-basins. The assessment results in the Yellow River Basin illustrate: (1) the improved characteristic channel length approach shows rivers of water quality worse than Class III account for 75% whilst the traditional approach give a result of 45%, implying that the actual status of water quality is worse than the traditional understanding; (2) the quality of water generated in sub-basins is much better than the quality of water at channel lateral sections. The assessment results describe the status of water resources quantity and quality from different points of view and thus provide valuable information for the water resources development and management in the basin.     

石羊河水权分配的理论和实践

石羊河流域是严重的资源性缺水地区,随着经济社会的发展,用水矛盾也不断加剧。为保障流域经济社会持续发展,需要进行水权分配。介绍了石羊河流域水权分配的指导思想和主要原则,以及落实水权分配方案过程中所采取的主要措施。通过严格落实《石羊河流域水资源分配方案及2005至2006年度水量调度计划》,保障石羊河流域生态用水和经济社会发展用水需求。     

长江采砂管理中的若干关键技术问题

长江河道采砂管理实践证明,如何依法、科学、合理、经济地保护与开发有限的长江砂石资源,服务沿江经济社会可持续发展,既是一个涉及社会多方面利益矛盾的管理问题,也是一个涉及众多研究领域的技术问题。结合长江河道采砂管理工作实践,阐述了长江干流河道砂石资源的分布规律,分析了不合理开采对堤防岸坡稳定性的影响,对洞庭湖、鄱阳湖生态环境的影响,以及长江口采砂作业活动对河势稳定、水工程设施、水环境的影响,探讨了上游库区砂石资源的开发利用和采砂监控管理的关键技术问题,对于长江干流河道及两湖采砂管理和技术研究具有一定的指导意义与参考价值。