功能化离子液体催化氧化燃料油脱硫研究

设计并制备出具有催化活性的功能化Brnsted酸性离子液体,以此离子液体为催化剂,以H2O2为氧化剂组成催化氧化体系,对含有噻吩和二苯并噻吩的模型油以及柴油进行了催化氧化脱硫研究。结果表明,含有官能团—COOH结构的功能化离子液体具有较高的催化氧化活性,对模型油中噻吩和二苯并噻吩的选择性脱硫效率分别达到了95.2%和98.5%,对实际柴油的脱硫率也达到88.2%。该催化体系避免了传统工艺中有机酸的使用,整个反应体系更加环保、高效。     

TEMPO催化醇氧化反应的最新研究进展

有机小分子催化剂2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基(TEMPO)催化醇的氧化,反应条件温和,具有高活性和高选择性,成为醇选择氧化的一个重要方法。综述了近几年TEMPO催化醇氧化反应的发展过程及其固定化方法的研究进展。     

手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物催化烯烃不对称环氧化研究进展

手性Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物在催化非官能化烯烃不对称环氧化反应中得到了广泛的应用。介绍了Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物催化烯烃不对称环氧化反应的影响因素,指出产物收率和对映体过量值与氧化剂、轴向配体、底物烯烃结构、反应温度等因素关系密切。对Salen Mn(Ⅲ)配合物循环利用的研究进展进行了综述。     

化工园区挥发性有机污染物处理技术与应用展望

挥发性有机物（VOCs）作为大气污染的重要组成部分，其高效去除是当今世界面临的最重要挑战之一。文章系统介绍了近年来主要的VOCs处理技术和研究热点，包括传统的物理和化学VOCs去除方法，并对新型电催化氧化技术和双金属催化去除技术进行了详细描述。最后基于三维电极反应器，提出了双金属三维颗粒电极电催化氧化去除VOC控制技术的理论设计，分析了该方法未来的研究重点，强调了深入探索颗粒电极的催化性能和体系反应机理的重要性。     

合成苯甲酸的新工艺

苯甲酸在食品工业、染料工业、医药及化学分析上都具有广泛的应用，合成苯甲酸常用氧化法和相转移催化氧化法，在工业上通常用甲苯氧化法制取苯甲酸。现以氧化苄为原料，高锰酸钾作氧化剂，选用相转移催化剂CTAB来合成苯甲酸，产率达98％。     

新材料创出绿色化学“新天地”——访2012年度中国石化科技创新功勋奖获得者林民

空心钛硅分子筛的诞生创造了一种全新的理念,使整个催化氧化工艺发生了根本转变,为我国烃类选择性氧化实现跨越式进步提供了技术基础和知识产权保障。林民,中国石化石油化工科学研究院教授级高级工程师,中国石化催化材料领域学术技术带头人。长期从事催化氧化新材料开发与应用研究,发明了空心钛硅分子筛,以及多空心钛硅分子筛氨肟化催化剂,解决了己内酰胺生产技术中环己酮氨肟化过程多项技术难题。空心钛硅分子筛获访谈人名片     

高性能双原子层纳米金催化剂

以常态形式存在的金元素是惰性的 ,但呈纳米形态时就会表现出卓越的催化性能。自几年前日本科学家发现纳米金原子簇团负载在二氧化钛(TiO2 )等金属氧化物上会对某些反应表现出较高的催化活性之后 ,科学家们一直对金元素作为CO和丙烯氧化以及其他反应的潜在催化剂进行探索。现在美国TexasA&M大学的科学家们透露了一项研究结果 ,认为具有双原子层结构的纳米金元素是CO催化氧化的关键性因素 ,对于开发具有更高活性的工业应用催化剂具有重要意义。该研究探讨了有关的催化反应机理 ,研究了金属催化剂粒子的薄层和形状、金属氧化态以及与氧化…     

超声波在化学工业中的应用

介绍了近年来超声波在化学工业中的应用与进展,以及超声波的特征和超声波促进化学反应的基本原理,较为全面地总结了超声波在有机合成、聚合反应、结晶过程、萃取分离、超细粉体制备等方面的国内外应用情况,总结了超声外场付诸于化学工业所遇到的主要困难是对于超声化学理论知识的研究还不够成熟以及缺乏适用于工业化生产的超声化学反应器,提出解决问题的关键是需要大量学者对超声化学的反应机理方面进行更加深入的研究与探索。指出超声外场是一种新型的催化体系,超声化学具有广阔的应用前景。     

催化臭氧化中水镁石的再生性能

文章研究了在臭氧化降解化工有机污染物中具有良好催化性能的水镁石的使用寿命和再生性能。以对苯胺的降解为例,研究结果表明,水镁石具有重复使用六次以及由简单煅烧恢复催化活性的优异再生性能,对化工企业实际废水的催化臭氧化降解也显示了良好的催化性能,研究为廉价水镁石对化工废水处理的实际应用提供了实验基础和科学根据。     

二氧化氯在化工污水处理中的应用

<正>医药化工废水由于有机物成分复杂、含有毒有害成分较多、COD浓度高、可生化性差、难生物降解,被认为是最难处理的废水之一。二氧化氯作为一种具有强氧化性和氧化过程中很少有有机卤代物产生的氧化剂[1],已经广泛用于工业化处理难降解废水的处理工艺中[2～5]。二氧化氯具有氧化性强,氧化能力持久,彻底去除色素,不遗留强烈的臭味,不产生致癌的氯代有机副产物等优点。因此,二氧化氯在废水处理方面的应用与研究已     

水解酸化在抗生素废水处理中的应用

在抗生素废水处理中,水解酸化工艺替代厌氧消化工艺可改善水质,提高后续好氧生化处理效率,增强处理能力,同时可避免厌氧消化产生含硫沼气带来的二次污染。另外,水解酸化对温度适应性很强,具备很大的节能空间。     

Development of the conceptual model of energy and utility management in textile processing: A soft systems approach

This paper aims to use soft systems methodology (SSM) to identify management support system opportunities for managing energy and utility usage in textile manufacturing processes. It presents an approach based on SSM to analyze the complex situation of developing an effective energy and utility management support system (EUMSS). This involves the identification of the scope of the system and user requirements, conceptual modeling of complex problem situations, identification of actors and decision processes, and information-needs modeling. The current study pioneers the examination of the application of SSM to the development of a novel EUMSS and contributes to the body of information systems knowledge in the context of EUMSS design. There appears to be limited academic research in the field of energy and utility system development and, in particular, in the area of EUMSS design, and none in the area of the application of SSM to EUMSS design. In addition, the modeling process could be beneficial if EUMSS design ideas could be widely shared and discussed. The identified scope and system requirements can serve as a guideline for designing and developing an effective EUMSS for textile processing.     

大宝山矿区河流沿岸土壤重金属污染分析与评价

由于对土壤环境的分析与研究存在着一定的不确定性,使用模糊数学的评价方法对于不定量的研究具备比较精确和细化的作用,能够为涉及土壤重金属污染等具有相对较模糊和不能量化特征的学科提供较为精确的研究方法。通过对韶关市大宝山重金属矿区的矿山开发和土壤重金属污染现状采取实地调查和取样分析,在大宝山矿区的上、下游以所选取5个区域土壤的Cd,Cr,Pb,Cu,Ni,Zn等6种重金属元素的含量作为样本数据,结合模糊数学理论在重金属污染评价方面的应用,建立模糊评价模型进行分析,其结果表明矿区下游区域土壤的重金属污染主要致灾污染因子为矿山开采所导致的重金属污染。并且,凉桥、水楼下、石柱下、上坝和下坝村等大宝山下游区域土壤中的Cd,Cu,Pb等重金属元素含量均已超过国家土壤质量标准(GB 15618-1995)规定的土壤二级标准值。     

融资租赁对中国技术引进的影响分析——以高新技术产业发展为例

在对前人研究成果总结评价的基础上，本文选取1981～2013年共33个样本数据，通过建立一阶误差修正模型，以高新技术产业的发展为例，实证分析了融资租赁对中国技术引进的影响，实证结果表明与高新技术产业相关的融资租赁业务对该国技术引进具有显著的促进作用。最后，根据研究结论提出不但要大力发展融资租赁业、推动融资租赁与高新技术产业的融合，还应削弱或取消租赁设备附带性的技术等无形资产的限制性数量标准，将融资租赁的标的物范围扩充至独立性的无形资产，在更高水平上促进中国的技术引进。     

浅谈传感器在金属探测方面的发展与应用

金属探测器最早的发展始于20世纪20年代,是一种借助于传感器检测附近金属是否存在的电子仪器,常用于寻找隐藏的物体或埋在地下的金属物内的金属夹杂物。金属检测器的最简单的形式由一个的振荡器产生一个交变电流穿过线圈产生的交变磁场。如果一块导电金属接近线圈,涡流会感应出的金属,并将产生其自己的磁场。如果另一个线圈用于测量磁场(作为磁力计),由于磁场中的变化,该金属物体可以被检测到。随着晶体管、传感技术、集成电路以及电脑等技术的不断发展,金属探测器在设备精度、轻型化等实用性方面也有了显著的改进,同时其应用范围也有了进一步的拓展,目前广泛应用于金属探矿(测)、安检、工业探测等领域。     

On the interaction between forecasting and stock control: The case of non-stationary demand

The effect of using estimated (forecast) demand parameters on the performance of an inventory control system is an intriguing and important subject. Recent research has been undertaken on this phenomenon assuming stationary demand data. In this paper we extend the research to non-stationary demands, by means of simulation. The case of a periodic order-up-to-level inventory system is considered and the experimental structure allows us to evaluate in a progressive manner the accumulated effect of using the optimal forecasting method, optimal forecast parameters and correct variance expression procedures. The results allow insights to be gained into operational issues and demonstrate the scope for improving stock control systems.     

Problems of modern agriculture

Conventional high-input agriculture gives rise to biological problems related to the breakdown of the selfsustaining recycling characteristic, normal to living systems, by reducing saprophytes, humus return and nitrogen fixing organisms. Thus, the system becomes increasingly dependent on greater inputs. In addition, reduced diversification often leads to an increase in plant and animal diseases, and pest and weed problems. These are countered by increased applications of manufactured inputs which may cause agro-industry pollution and further breakdown of the system. An alternative which may reduce or eliminate some of these problems is ecological agriculture.     

Product variety and firm survival in the microcomputer software industry

This article provides an analysis of product variety and scope economies in the microcomputer software industry by using detailed firm‐level and product‐level information on firms' bundling of functionalities over application categories and computing platforms. We find that the management of product variety through the way different application categories are integrated in products and the platforms on which these products are offered can be as important as the significance of scope economies at the more aggregated firm level. Specifically, we find that there is little evidence of firm benefits from economies of scope in production, but there is substantial evidence that products benefit from economies of scope in consumption. In addition, we find that firms with products that encapsulate more application categories perform better, and those with products that cover more computing platforms perform worse. Finally, changes in product variety through new product introductions improve firm performance, but extensions to existing products hinder the performance of the firm and the product. We conclude that research in scope economies can benefit from a more detailed model of the evolution of product variety that includes data and analysis at the firm level and at the product level. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pathways to reduce the environmental footprints of water and energy inputs in food production

With climate change and population growth, the pathways for reducing the environmental footprint of food production are increasingly sought, but poorly understood. This paper sketches the environmental footprints of water and energy use in food production systems. The main objective is to present an empirical application, to help identify the main pathways to reducing the footprints. The agricultural system of rice, wheat, and barley production on selected farms in the southern Murray Darling Basin in Australia is used as a case study. Further insights are gained through a review of the data published in pre eminent journals. Together the analysis indicates that boosting water productivity and improving energy use efficiency in crop production operations are the two possible pathways to reducing the environmental footprints of water and energy inputs in food production. These generic conclusions have implications for water, food and environment policy.