基于SWOT分析的菏泽市旅游产业发展营销策略研究

菏泽历史悠久,文化底蕴深厚,是我国著名的牡丹之乡、书画之乡、戏曲之乡和武术之乡。在旅游产业发展方面,菏泽市具有的优势是旅游资源比较丰富,历史文化积淀深厚,生态休闲旅游资源独具特色;存在的劣势是发展旅游业的意识落伍,龙头旅游资源季节性强;面临的机遇是文化旅游、生态旅游和休闲旅游成为热点;面对的威胁是来自国内、国际旅游市场的竞争压力。大力发展菏泽市旅游产业,应强化旅游产业意识和旅游可持续发展意识,制定科学的旅游产业发展总体规划,加强对旅游业的管理,提高旅游从业人员的素质,构筑旅游产业链群,开展多元化融资,加强区域旅游市场整合营销,促进区域旅游经济快速、健康、持续发展。     

经济欠发达地区财政收入增长影响因素研究——基于山东菏泽的样本分析

生财、聚财、用财,其中生财是根本,聚财是关键。1994年分税制改革以来,我国财政实力得到了极大增强。但是地方财政困难问题日益突出,特别是在经济欠发达地区,地方财政困难就更加显著。本文以欠发达地区财政收入增长影响因素作为研究对象,采用理论分析与实证分析相结合的方法,选取样本地区山东省菏泽市1994-2009年的GDP以及三次产业增加值等数据,采用弹性分析、相关性分析及自向量回归模型分析等方法进行分析。通过对样本的分析,本文认为经济欠发达地区财政收入增长要遵循可持续增长的道路。提出要加强服务意识,培植适合本地发展的骨干财源以及深化财税体制改革等具体措施。     

论风险导向审计中的“风险”定位——兼论风险管理相关内部审计准则的修订

基于内部控制职能论,风险导向审计中的风险应该被定位为"企业全面风险"。风险导向审计既以全面风险管理为基础,又具有相对独立性。由于内部控制等同于风险管理,因此现行内部审计准则中的《内部控制审计》准则与《风险管理审计》准则应该合二为一。从层次上看,《内部控制审计》准则居于主导地位,而《经济性审计》、《效率性审计》、《效果性审计》和《遵循性审计》等准则居于从属地位。"3E"审计内生于内部控制审计之中。     

“差价补偿”的博弈分析——以福州家电零售业为例

“差价补偿”在国内一些城市的某些商品零售业出现,有人认为它是价格战的一种新的形式,担心“差价补偿”的推出,会导致价格大战一触即发。实际上,“差价补偿”不是价格战的一种新的形式,而是想避免打价格战的一种策略,在博弈论中称之为“策略性行动”。它是寡头垄断市场中具有较强实力的企业,期望通过做出限制自己行为的承诺来限制其竞争对手的选择,实施“差价补偿”策略的目的是促使竞争对手采取合作的态度,选择与本企业相接近的价格,进而避免出现两败俱伤或几败俱伤的“囚犯困境”的结局。     

新技术下服务产品“虚拟化”探究

产品"虚拟化"的服务业可以有效地摆脱困扰服务业的鲍莫尔"成本病"的影响,实现生产率的快速增长。本文通过一个双头博弈模型,借助"自助服务外包给顾客"的形式说明了"虚拟服务"大大优于现在占据主体服务市场的实体"柜台"服务,"虚拟服务"将取代实体"柜台"服务,从而实现服务业"产业化"经营的目标。     

Adoption Dynamics in Buyer-Side Exchanges

The purpose of this paper is to understand buyer/seller adoption dynamics in independent, buyer-side B2B exchanges. In a stylized model, we assume that the main role of the exchange is to reduce search costs for buyers. Buyers and sellers enter or exit the exchange based on the relative economic surplus (loss) they receive inside vs. outside the exchange. We contrast two situations: one where participants' switching cost to join the institution is negligible and another, in which it is significant. In an extension, we also explore the impact of buyer/seller heterogeneity on adoption dynamics. We have three key findings with relevant implications for practice. First, we find that the general view that demand and supply (so-called liquidity) either grows or shrinks in the marketplace may not hold. In the presence of switching costs, the exchange can evolve to a stable state with only partial market participation. Second, our results suggest that the exchange is better off subsidizing buyers as opposed to sellers in order to achieve the so-called critical mass, beyond which there is full participation. Finally, we find that while in general, minor buyers of the industry have more incentive joining the exchange, when the fixed participation fee of the exchange is high, it is major buyers who are likely to join first. For sellers, this is not the case: minor sellers are always more keen in participating in a buyer-side exchange.     

中西治税理念比较及借鉴——兼议我国公共财政框架下“公共税收”治税理念的确立

我国与西方国家的治税理念是截然不同的,主要表现在“国家本位观”与“纳税人本位观”以及“人治”观与“法治”观的差异上。在我国社会主义市场经济的初步建立和发展的背景下,在构建成的公共财政基本框架下,借鉴西方国家的治税理念,应确立以“社会公众的税收”理念为灵魂,以“保护纳税人权利、服务纳税人”和“税收法治”的理念为本质特征的我国自己的“公共税收”治税理念。     

应该从理论上否定"原罪"概念

本文认为,民间资本、私营经济并无“原罪”。否定“原罪”概念,有三个理由。第一,马克思借用神学概念提出“原罪”,带有否定资本的意思,认为资本一出生就有罪,这不仅与其所说的资本主义生产方式在历史上起的进步作用及生产力标准相矛盾,而且从根本上否定了劳动可以进行积累,合法经营可以致富,与实际情况不符。在一个半世纪之后的今天,资本仍有活力,还能在一定范围内调整生产关系。第二,“原罪”概念是不确定的,不能成为法律用语。把利润等同于“原罪”,认为利润获得者就有“原罪”,是把“原罪”概念泛化了,使之成为一个“莫须有”的罪名。第三,“原罪”是悬在私营业主头上的一把剑,随时可能掉下来。要使民营经济、私营企业健康发展,就是要改善投资环境,落实宪法中保护私有财产的庄严规定。     

市场营销中之“定位”理论探索

市场营销理论经历了劳夫·瑞夫斯的“USP”理论、大卫·奥格威的“品牌形象”、菲利浦·科特勒的营销管理及消费者“让渡”理论与迈克尔·波特的竞争价值链理论,目前则发展到了艾·里斯与杰克·特劳特的“定位”理论。市场营销理论是随着市场的发展与完善而不断发展的。每个阶段的市场营销理论都是有其前提条件的,企业在运用“定位”理论时要充分了解这些条件,才能更好地运用“定位”理论服务于企业。     

对保险中“弃权”与“失权”的分析——兼论国际贸易中海上保险的“弃权”与“失权”

“弃权”与“失权”是保险中最基本的法律范畴,而我国现行的《保险法》、《海商法》对其规定很少,在理论上,没有按诚实信用原则建立起完备的保险合同中保险人的“弃权”与“失权”制度;在实务中,尤其是在海上保险和人寿保险中,在履行保险合同的各个环节上却经常出现形形色色的“弃权”与“失权”的情形,迫切需要理论或者法律的支持。本文通过研究“弃权”与“失权”在英美和其他保险业发达国家的运用,反思我国《保险法》、《海商法》的现状,以期为其完善提出一些可行性建议。     

Viagra(ization) or Technoromanticism

Viagra can rather obviously be termed "techno-romantic"--literally it is a technology to make sex possible. But technoromanticism is also a philosophical term referring to the belief that advances in technology serve "truth" "unity" and "wholeness" according to Coyne (1999). Surprisingly many pharmaceutical companies seem to have developed "Viagra" or at least substances that were very similar, but to have ignored and/or rejected commercializing them. This article assumes that the primary activity of research and development in pharmaceutical companies is to produce texts that interpret chemicals as "meaningful." Assumptions of what constitutes (medical) meaning within prevailing technoromanticism have seen R and D as a form of "production" that demands rejection of "consumption." This technoromanticism succeeded in rebuffing the sexual "techno-romanticism" of Viagra in the company studied, but Viagra's enormous commercial success has reversed priorities. R and D's meaning system has proven to be no match for Viagra-ization--the article examines the resulting crisis in meaning systems.     

我国生鲜农产品物流变革的经济学分析

我国生鲜农产品物流存在着很多问题,由"集市"向"超市"的物流模式变革是生鲜农产品物流发展的必然趋势。根据新制度经济学的分析,本文认为从"集市"到"超市"的变革是节约交易费用的结果,也是制度变迁的结果。因此,促进这种变革,对我国生鲜农产品物流水平的提高,意义重大。     

基于“家族理性”的家族企业公司治理分析

现实生活中“个人理性”经常不符合经济人的选择行为,特别是在传统观念还极强的中国家族企业内部,家族成员对决策的选择往往受到“家族理性的制约”。家族理性具有“利他主义”的特征。在家族企业决策过程中,家族理性强调的是,个人利益要服从家族的整体利益,家族中的个人利益的取舍必须依照家族理性的整体判断,其个人的经济行为也必须符合依家族理性的判断而形成的行为要求。“家族理性”的假设符合现实生活中家族成员的某些政策决策。产权不清晰、对职业经理人的不信任等都是家族企业无奈又理性的选择。     

世贸组织《农业协定》中的“蓝箱”支持

“蓝箱”支持是世贸组织《农业协定》国内支持中的一种措施,它的特征是在成员方实施限产计划的条件下对农民的一种补贴。目前,世贸组织有7个成员方使用“蓝箱”支持。2004年7月,“多哈议程”达成了农业谈判框架协议。本文就“蓝箱”支持的若干问题作了全面的介绍和分析。内容涉及:“蓝箱”支持的含义;“蓝箱”支持的实施;“蓝箱”支持引起的三个问题;“蓝箱”支持与世贸组织新一轮农业谈判。     

Common knowledge of the second kind

Although most of us know that human beings cannot and should not be replaced by computers, we have great difficulties saying why this is so. This paradox is largely the result of institutionalizing several fundamental misconceptions as to the nature of both trustworthy objective and moral knowledge. Unless we transcend this paradox, we run the increasing risks of becoming very good at counting without being able to say what is worth counting and why. The degree to which this is occurring is the degree to which the computer revolution is already over — and the degree to which we human beings have lost.I think that Aristotle was profoundly right in holding that ethics is concerned with how to live and with human happiness, and also profoundly right in holding that this sort of knowledge (practical knowledge) is different from theoretical knowledge. A view of knowledge that acknowledges that the sphere of knowledge is wider than the sphere of science seems to me to be a cultural necessity if we are to arrive at a sane and human view of ourselves or of science. (Hilary Putnam, Meaning and the Moral Sciences, 1981) David A. Bella is Professor of Civil Engineering at the College of Engineering at Oregon State University. He received his B.S. in Civil Engineering from Virginia Military Institute (1961), his M.S. and his Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering from New York University. His primary research interest is in the philosophy and sociology of technology, technological impact assessment, and moral philosophy. His most important publications are Engineering and Erosion of Trust and Organizations and Systemic Distortion of Information, Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering (1987), and Strategic Defense: Catastrophic Loss of Control, Journal of Peace Research (1989). Jonathan B. King is Associate Professor of Management at the College of Business at Oregon State University. He received his B.A. in philosophy from Antioch College (1965) and his M.B.A. in Finance (1975) and Ph.D. in Business, Government and Society (1980) from the University of Washington. His primary research interests are in the areas of moral philosophy, the philosophy of science, and critical thinking. His most important publications are The Three Face of Thinking, Journal of Higher Education (1986), Prisoner's Paradoxes, Journal of Business Ethics (1988), and Confronting Chaos, Journal of Business Ethics (1989).     

Corporate democracy and the rights of shareholders

Some have argued that because of weaknesses in corporate democracy, there is widespread abuse of shareholders' rights in American securities markets. I describe a number of horror stories that shareholders might tell to support this claim. Then I argue that despite appearances to the contrary, there is not widespread abuse of shareholders' rights in American securities markets. This is because (i) corporations, when doing things that look abusive, are generally violating neither the legal rights nor the charter rights of shareholders and (ii) shareholders — in their role as shareholders — have no other rights than these. William B. Irvine is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Wright State University. He is the author of The Ethics of Investing, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 6, no. 3.     

浙商转型:打造"水火相济"的商业文化观念

"水"是中国传统哲学与文化的核心隐喻,也是浙商的商业观念的基本特性。"水"型商业观念帮助浙江赢得了今天的商业成就,但是它也有自身的缺陷。浙商的商业观念不能仅停留"水"上,而应当向西方商业观念学习"火"的特性,进行创新,形成"水火相济"的商业观念,以在商业竞争中增加自己的"强势文化附加值"。     

Integrating Religious Principles and Human Resource Management Activities

Many ethical problems faced by organizations concern human resource management. This paper shows how some religious principles can be integrated into a human resource management course. First, it presents a discussion of employee responsibilities and rights in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Next, it suggests how various principles can be applied to human resource management activities. Do to others as you would have them do to you is applied to equal opportunity. Thou shall not commit sexual impropriety (or in positive terms, respect and love) is the basis for no sexual harassment. Thou shall not steal (or in positive terms, deal fairly) is related to fair pay in exchange for excellent employee performance. Thou shall not lie (or in positive terms, be truthful) is needed for due process in employee disputes. Thou shall not kill (or in positive terms, respect life) is applied to employee safety and health, plus health care benefits. A list of potential readings is included for instructors to consider for their own courses.     

女性“双师型”教师技能现状论析

经济飞速发展、产业结构转轨的现实形势,给职业院校带来新的发展契机。高职院校"双师型"教师队伍是开展教学改革、提高教学质量、培养创新型人才的关键。女性教师在高职院校师资队伍中占有很大比例,但女性"双师型"教师在发展过程中面临各种问题。因此,培养女性"双师型"教师,加强女性"双师型"教师队伍建设对于高等院校发展与建设显得尤为重要。     

Board-management relations in small firms: The paradox of simultaneous independence and interdependence

The author introduces constructs based on neo-classical and socio-economic assumptions, and argues that board-management relations should be characterized by both independence and interdependence. Interdependence is especially important in small firms. The article presents a model of directorates from research about directorates based on agency theory assumptions. This model is supplemented with constructs from the theory of contractual relations. Whilst traditional literature tends to focus upon independence from an agency theory perspective, this article argues that it is necessary to use more than one dimension of attributes regarding the board-management relations in order to understand the board's contribution to company performance, and that trust and solidarity is especially important in small firms. Board-management relations described by simultaneous independence and interdependence are proposed to give the highest contribution to company performance. The theoretical propositions are exemplified and supported by results of a field survey of directorates in small firms.