Book Reviews: Great Britain and Ireland

Books reviewed: Malcolm Gaskill, Crime and mentalities in early modern England Nancy Cox, The complete tradesman: a study of retailing, 1550–1820 Rosalind Mitchison, The old poor law in Scotland: the experience of poverty, 1574–1845 Sarah Bendall, Christopher Brooke, and Patrick Collinson, A history of Emmanuel College, Cambridge Michael Roberts and Simone Clarke, eds., Women and gender in early modern Wales Lena Cowen Orlin, ed., Material London, ca. 1600 Martin Daunton and Rick Halpern, eds., Empire and others: British encounters with indigenous peoples, 1600–1850 Andrea Finkelstein, Harmony and the balance: an intellectual history of seventeenth‐century English economic thought Jeremy Gregory, Restoration, reformation and reform, 1660–1828: archbishops of Canterbury and their diocese Ron Harris, Industrializing English law: entrepreneurship and business organization, 1720–1844 Charles More, Understanding the industrial revolution Andy Bielenberg, ed., The Irish diaspora Simon Gunn, The public culture of the Victorian middle class: ritual and authority in the English industrial city, 1840–1914 J. Matthew Gallman, Receiving Erin's children: Philadelphia, Liverpool and the Irish Famine migration, 1845–1855 Keir Waddington, Charity and the London hospitals, 1850–1898 Katrina Honeyman, Well suited: a history of the Leeds clothing industry, 1850–1990 Gillian Cookson and George Ingle, eds., John Hodgson's ‘Textile manufacture and other industries in Keighley’ David W. Howell and Kenneth O. Morgan, eds., Crime, protest and police in modern British society: essays in memory of David J. V. Jones Michael French and Jim Phillips, Cheated not poisoned? Food regulation in the United Kingdom, 1875–1938 Brian Callanan, Ireland's Shannon story: leaders, visions and networks—a case study of local and regional development Graham Ingham, Managing change: a guide to British economic policy Philip de Souza, Piracy in the Graeco‐Roman world Edwin S. Hunt and James M. Murray, A history of business in medieval Europe, 1200–1550 Liliane Hilaire‐Pérez, L'invention technique au siècle des Lumières William Doyle, La vénalité Marco H. D. van Leeuwen, trans. A. J. Pomerans, The logic of charity: Amsterdam, 1800–1850 Herman Van der Wee, ed., The Generale Bank, 1822–1997 Thomas Max Safley, Matheus Miller's memoir: a merchant's life in the seventeenth century Gabriel Tortella, trans. Valerie Herr, The development of modern Spain: an economic history of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries Panikos Panayi, Outsiders: a history of European minorities Lennart Samuelson, Plans for Stalin's war machine: Tukhachevskii and military‐economic planning, 1925–1941 Christopher Fyfe, ed., Anna Maria Falconbridge, ‘Narrative of two voyages to the River Sierra Leone during the years 1791–1792–1793’, and the journal of Isaac Dubois, with Alexander Falconbridge, ‘An account of the slave trade on the coast of Africa’ Andrew Jackson O'Shaughnessy, An empire divided: the American Revolution and the British Caribbean Steven N. Kaplan, ed., Mergers and productivity Shawn W. Miller, Fruitless trees: Portuguese conservation and Brazil's colonial timber Maria Misra, Business, race and politics in British India, c. 1850–1960 Sherman Cochran, Encountering Chinese networks: western, Japanese, and Chinese corporations in China, 1880–1937 Xin Zhang, Social transformation in modern China: the state and local elites in Henan 1900–1937 Ian Inkster and Fumihiko Satofuka, eds., Culture and technology in modern Japan David Turley, Slavery M. L. Bush, Servitude in modern times Mary A. Yeager, ed., Women in business Jonathan Zeitlin and Gary Herrigel, eds., Americanization and its limits: reworking US technology and management in post‐war Europe and Japan Sebastian Edwards, ed., Capital flows and the emerging economies: theory, evidence and controversies Phillip D. Curtin, The world and the West: the European challenge and the overseas response in the age of empire Christine Rider and Michéal Thompson, eds., The industrial revolution in comparative perspective Michalis Psalidopoulos, ed., The canon in the history of economics: critical essays     

Increasing returns: evidence from local wage rates in Great Britain

This paper shows that wage rate variations among local areasof Great Britain are significantly positively related to employmentdensity, and argues that this is due to the presence of increasingreturns deriving from more varied producer services in denserareas, controlling for the effect on wages of good access toan efficient workforce, either locally or as a result of in-commuting.The higher wages in Greater London in particular are seen tobe linked to increasing returns and enhanced worker efficiency,although other central city areas show similar influences toa lesser degree, with in-commuting a significant factor.     

英国生产服务业发展现状分析

本文利用1968-2002年间的英国投入产出表,将英国服务业中用于中间需求的部分界定为生产服务业,并由此分析了英国生产服务业的发展趋势及现状。分析发现,英国生产服务业增加值占服务业和GDP比重不断上升,与人均GDP之间存在显著的正相关关系。生产服务业中为农业、工业服务的部门比重不断下降,而为服务业服务的部门比重不断上升。文章最后分析了英国生产服务业发展变化趋势对我国的几点启示。     

Use of registers and population censuses as sampling frames in Great Britain

The use of official data sources as sampling frames for numerous government surveys in the United Kingdom is described. "The great majority of these surveys use registers of various kinds as sampling frames. Some of these registers are intended to cover all addresses in the country in which there are private households. Other registers relate to specific sub-groups of the population. Each of the general registers has advantages and disadvantages but none is ideal for sampling purposes. In recent years nearly all samples required of the general population have been drawn, by automated means, from the Postcode Address File, although the balance of advantages of this system need to be continually monitored and evaluated." Reasons why the census is not often used as a sampling frame are considered.     

Capital controls and distribution of income: Empirical evidence for Great Britain Japan and Australia

Zusammenfassung Kapitalverkehrskontrollen und Einkommensverteilung. Empirische Befunde für Gro?britannien, Japan und Australien. - Der Verfasser geht davon aus, da? die Einführung von Kapitalverkehrskontrollen die nationale Einkommensverteilung beeinflu?t; insbesondere zeigt er, da? Ma?nahmen zur Verhinderung von Kapitalabflüssen die Einkommensverteilung zugunsten der Lohnempf?nger verschiebt. Nachdem er die Wirksamkeit von Kontrollen mit Hilfe der Unterschiede zwischen in- und ausl?ndischen Zinss?tzen gemessen und die Erfahrungen dreier L?nder (Gro?britannien, Japan und Australien) berücksichtigt hat, pr?sentiert er einige Korrelationsindizes und Kausalit?tstests, um zu untersuchen, ob m?glicherweise Beziehungen zur Verteilung des Volkseinkommens bestehen. Danach entwickelt und sch?tzt er ein Strukturmodell. Der Autor zeigt, da? das Ausma? der finanziellen Protektion die (optimale) Wahl von Besch?ftigung und Lohn durch heimische Firmen und Gewerkschaften tendenziell beeinflu?t hat.

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Résumé Les contr?les de capitaux et la distribution du revenu: La preuve empirique pour La Grande Bretagne, le Japon et l’Australie. - Dans cette étude l’auteur soutient l’opinion que l’adoption des contr?les de capitaux se répercutent sur la distribution du revenue national; et plus spécifiquement elle montre qu’en empêchant l’exportation des capitaux, la distribution du revenu change en faveur des salariés. Après avoir mesuré l’efficacité des contr?les à l’aide de l’écart entre les taux d'intérêt nationaux et les taux off-shore et après avoir reconsidéré les expériences de trois pays (Grande Bretagne, Japon, Australie) on présente quelques indices de corrélation et des tests de causalité pour étudier s’il y a des rapports avec la distribution du revenu national. Puis on propose un modèle structurel. Les estimations montrent que le degré de protection financière pourrait avoir influencé la sélection optimale de l’emploi et du salaire par les entreprises nationales et les syndicats.

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Resumen Controles de capital y distributión del ingreso: evidencia empírica para el Reino Unido, el Japón y Australia. - En este trabajo se argumenta que la adoptión des controles de capital afecta a la distributión del ingreso national. Más específicamente, se demuestra que al impedirse las exportaciones de capital se modifica la distributión del ingreso en favor de los asalariados. Después de medir la efectividad de los controles con el diferencial entre las tasas nacionales y las tasas offshore, y de pasar revista a la experiencia de tres países (el Reino Unido, el Japón y Australia), se presentan algunos índices de correlatión y tests de causalidad, con el fin de investigar la existencia de una relatión potential con la distributión del ingreso national. Finalmente, se propone y estima un modelo estructural que muestra que el grado de proteción financiera podría haber afectado la decisión sobre el empleo y el salario (óptimos) por parte de empresas y sindicatos nationales.

     

Black women’s labor market status: Occupational segregation in the United States and Great Britain

An initial exploration of the comparative labor market situation of black women in the United States and Great Britain reveals that race and gender play similar roles in allocating people among broad occupations in both nations despite differences in historical circumstances. However, a closer examination based upon measures of occupational segregation shows that labor market dynamics are quite different. Public employment and education do not reduce racial segregation in Britain as they do in the United States, and the immigrant status of many black Britons does not explain these differences. Only youth is associated with reduced segregation in both countries.     

英国科技中介服务机构的现状及启示

英国作为一个老牌的资本主义发达国家,已经形成了一个多层次、全方位、结构合理、完 整的科技中介服务体系。英国科技中介机构主要来源于由科技管理者和科技人员创办的启动 公司(Start－ups),由大的科技公司或科技集团根据自身业务和市场需求而衍生出来的衍生 公司(Spin－off),合资公司(Joint ventures),以及市场化的公有机构(Marketisation of public service)。一、英国科技中介机构的结构英国的科技中介机构,整体结构上可以分为三个层面：政府层面、公共层面和私人公司。1政府层面：英国政府在全国各地建立了240个地区性…