中国汽车行业市场结构分析及启示

本文分析了中国汽车行业的市场结构的现状,认为我国汽车工业存在着这样的问题：中小企业众多、达不到规模经济,主导企业“大而全”、国际竞争力不强。文章接着分析了这些问题产生的原因,并提出了一些政策建议：加强主导产业的专业化生产,规制地方政府行为,加快产业内整合和重组等。     

市场结构、规模经济与中国铁矿石定价策略

铁矿石定价问题对中国经济的平稳增长有明显影响。本文尝试性地建构了一个引入贸易中介的生产-贸易-消费的三分法结构分析框架,来探讨国际铁矿石定价问题及中国策略。基于国家和企业的双层面三环节结构分析发现,高寡占的生产者结构对应于高竞争性的贸易中介结构和消费者结构是国际铁矿定价格局的结构成因,也是中国制定相关铁矿石贸易和产业政策的重要现实约束。基于生存能力法的规模经济测度发现,铁矿石贸易的规模经济区间为5％以下;铁矿石消费环节的规模经济区间为10％以下,导致了多种形式的铁矿石贸易中介组织共存的特征。论文还从生产-贸易-消费的产业定价策略分析方法出发,提出了中国可资利用的铁矿石定价策略。     

自然垄断的"三位一体"理论

传统自然垄断理论是建立在规模经济、范围经济和成本劣加性基础之上的，本文认为社会总价值或总效用和社会净收益的优加性是比成本劣加性更好地定义自然垄断的概念，并在对规模经济、范围经济和网络经济重新定义的基础上，从规模经济、范围经济、网络经济“三位一体”角度重新解释了自然垄断概念，提出了自然垄断的“三位一体”理论，为自然垄断产业规制及其改革奠定理论和实证基础。     

传统产业体系蜕变与现代产业体系形成机制

本文以产业体系是企业间联系方式的定义出发,以企业竞争行为从数量竞争转向创新竞争作为传统产业体系与现代产业体系分水岭,分析了现代产业体系是保证企业创新行为为生存方式的产业体系,推断出小批量、多品种、快调整是这一阶段对外部环境的要求,信息、物流、风险投资和科技服务这四个部门服务于企业创新行为,构成了现代产业体系的基础设施,而企业则最大限度地利用外部规模经济来保证自己的创新竞争力。人均收入的提高不仅带来了对产品和服务品种的需求扩张,也提升了个人生命价值。政府需要从民族整体利益和长远利益将现代产业体系作为政策工具,政府对经济的干预不再仅仅针对需求,而是针对抑制新的市场失灵。本文分析了两种现代产业体系推进机制一内生性市场推进和外生性政府推进,并认为中国适用于政府推进。     

A Fourier analysis of the US dairy industry

Measurement of economies of scale and scope is particularly important for predicting growth and product diversification. However, estimates are useful only to the extent the underlying production technology is modelled accurately. This study measures economies of scale and scope in the rapidly changing US dairy industry with a Fourier flexible cost function, which provides a global approximation of the unknown function. We use the high quality national Agricultural and Resource Management Survey (ARMS) survey data. We find economies of scale at most firm sizes and persistent economies of scope across firm sizes in this industry, which is counter to estimates from two Diewert‐flexible functional forms.     

征税成本领先性假设与中国税务组织结构优化——兼析中国国税、地税机构是否存在合并趋势

本文从征税成本领先性假设出发探讨了中国税务组织结构的优化问题 ,并分析了社会各界广泛关注的中国国税、地税机构是否存在合并趋势的问题。本文在对中国现行税务组织机构运行绩效考察的基础上 ,发现中国征税成本曲线呈抛物线状 ,表明中国征税成本正呈递减趋势。以此为出发点 ,本文详细论证了中国国税、地税机构不存在合并的趋势 ,相反 ,分设更为彻底却是今后的发展趋势 ,得出了与一般看法不同的结论 ,并对优化中国税务组织结构提出了政策建议     

Free entry into telecommunications?

The two leading principles of pricing for public enterprises are outlined: Value based and cost based pricing. It is shown that optimal pricing à la Ramsey-Boiteux is closely related to value based pricing which itself is connected with Lindahl pricing of public goods. Cost based pricing is related to the pricing in competitive markets. Opening up of telecommunication to competition implies a change from value based (public good) pricing to cost based (pritate good) pricing. It is shown why specific developments in telecommunication technology make a switch to cost based pricing and a competitive environment appropriate. At the end a proposal is developed for a gradual change towards competition which would meet less political resistance.     

企业发生论的系统解释

无论从哪一个角度来解释企业的起源和性质,都难免以偏概全,有失偏颇。有鉴于此,笔试图综合国内外相关研究成果,从系统的角度给出企业发生论的解释。本力求将市场需求、化理念、技术创新、制度创新、组织创新、生产分工等六个方面作为切入点,对企业发生论的各种观点进行系统的整合,以使读能够对此问题有一个全面的了解。     

高校规模经济下财务风险控制初探

随着高等教育由精英化到普及化,这种规模经济带来的扩张态势,使高校财务风险日益显现。怎样识别、规避、防范以至排除风险是高校财务工作的重心。文章结合高校工作的实际情况,在分析高校财务风险现实表现上,有针对性的提出控制措施,旨在通过这种控制措施来保障高校财务工作的顺利进行,以期达到良性循环的效果。     

Does the new digital infrastructure improve total factor productivity?

Improving total factor productivity (TFP) is essential to achieving high-quality and sustainable economic development. The existing literature mainly focuses on the impact of traditional infrastructure on TFP but generally ignores the role of new digital infrastructure in TFP and does not test impact mechanisms and whether there is heterogeneity in effects. Using panel data of 30 regions in China from 2006 to 2017, this paper analyzes the impact of new digital infrastructure on TFP and its mechanisms. The results are as follows: (1) New digital infrastructure can significantly improve regional TFP. After the robustness test, the results still support the findings. (2) New digital infrastructure can promote technological innovation, optimize factor allocation, and achieve economies of scale, thus improving TFP. (3) Further analysis shows that the positive effect of new digital infrastructure on TFP shows significant heterogeneity. In regions with high economic development levels, high research and development ( R&D) levels, and high traditional infrastructure development levels, the positive effect of new digital infrastructure on TFP is more obvious. These findings not only enrich the literature on digital infrastructure and economic growth but also serve as a reference for governmental departments as they optimize their strategy for developing digital infrastructure and realizing sustainable economic development.     

Weaker jobs,weaker innovation. Exploring the effects of temporary employment on new products

This work explores the relationship between temporary employment and product innovation focusing on five major European economies (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands) observed between 1998 and 2012. The analysis distinguishes sectors according to their technological characteristics and regimes finding that industries using temporary employment tend to have a weaker product innovation propensity. The negative correlation between temporary employment and innovation turns out to be stronger in those sectors where tacit firm’s specific knowledge is crucial to the development of innovations. These sectors are identified using both the ‘Cumulativeness’ proxy stemming from Peneder’s classification as well as distinguishing between different Schumpeterian regimes – Schumpeter Mark I vs. II – of knowledge accumulation.     

银行跨国并购的风险分析

银行跨国并购是世纪之交国际银行业的重要现象。本文在银行跨国并购成本收益分析的基础上, 重点探讨了银行跨国并购各个阶段的风险, 分析了银行跨国并购的合理性的一面。同时指出： 只有成功地规避银行跨国并购各个阶段的风险, 银行跨国并购才能够取得成功。     

基于劳动力市场分割的劳动力流动模型的构建

国内外学者对于劳动力流动进行了大量深入的研究,成果颇丰.然而,由于历史的原因,我国在劳动力流动方面呈现出与其他国家不同的特性,目前,我国的劳动力市场尚未发展成熟,劳动力流动存在很严重的不合理现象.因此,结合我国的现实情况对其进行研究意义更加重大.本文试图结合以往学者的研究成果,构建基于劳动力市场分割的劳动力流动模型,对其进行深入的探讨,为实现劳动力的合理流动提供帮助.