青少年运动员营养食品应用研究

文章介绍了青少年运动员营养补充现状,探讨和分析了青少年运动员营养补充的重要性及干预策略。青少年运动员必须进行营养补充,才能增强体质健康、提高训练效果、防治运动性疾病且有利于疲劳的恢复,为取得优异成绩奠定基础。为此要提升对运动员营养知识的认知,根据青少年生理特点以及运动项目的差异,学会合理选择食物,辅以平衡的运动营养搭配,满足机体各方面需要。     

我国运动员膳食营养摄入情况调查方法

合理的运用膳食营养摄入情况调查方是对运动员的膳食营养进行科学指导的前提,通过查询大量文献证实,认为称重法较为仔细精确,用于了解运动员个体膳食摄入情况较为合理,可调查出每日膳食的变动情况和三餐食物的分配情况;采用记账法和称重记账法掌握运动员群体膳食摄入情况方便、易行.可以得到平均每人每天的食物摄取量.     

耐力项目比赛期间饮食营养补充

耐力项目比赛期间饮食营养补充具有重要意义,运动员要优化饮食营养结构,合理补糖、补液、补铁、补维生素和抗氧化剂等维持运动员身体平衡,实施赛前、赛中、赛后阶段性饮食营养补充,确保运动员机体需求。     

信息与技术

中国食物与营养发展纲要（２００１———２０１０年）发布实施为指导我国食物与营养持续协调发展，国务院办公厅编制了《中国食物与营养发展纲要（２００１———２０１０年）》并发布实施。该纲要共分食物与营养发展的基本状况，食物与营养发展的指导思想、基本原则和目标，食物与营养发展的重点领域、地区和群体，促进食物与营养发展的政策措施４部分。政策措施主要包括调整结构，提高食物综合供给能力；加强法制建设，保护食物资源环境；依靠科技进步，提高全民营养素质；改善居民营养结构，保障我国食物安全；加强对食物与营养工作的领…     

初探体操运动员运动性疲劳恢复手段

体操运动员在日常的训练和比赛中容易出现疲劳性损伤，这种损伤给运动员的身体带来一定伤害的同时，也会影响其运动生涯，本文试图运用科学分析法从体操运动的技术特点和竞赛方式找出产生运动性疲劳的原因及发生机制，并针对于此，提出消除运动性疲劳的恢复手段，主要涵盖了生理和·姑理两方面恢复手段，其目的是保护好运动员的身心健康，进而提高运动员的竞技能力和水平。     

不同项目的运动员身体成分的研究比较分析

为了探讨不同项目运动员的身体成分的特征与区别,以期为提高运动员身体素质和运动水平提供科学依据。采用韩国Bio-space公司生产的生物电阻抗身体成分测试仪,对辽宁师范大学体育学院20名不同项目的运动员进行篮球、排球、短跑、投掷项目的测试。结果显示,男子体脂率：投掷＞排球＞篮球＞短跑运动员;男子肌肉例：短跑＞篮球＞排球＞投掷运动员;男子水分比例：篮球＞排球＞短跑＞投掷运动员;男子蛋白质比例：投掷＞短跑＞排球＞篮球运动员。因此得出结论：不同项目运动员身体成分差异较大,可以把体成分的构成作为提高运动员身体素质和运动水平的参考依据,并且应该制定合理的运动处方与营养处方,改善运动员身体成分现状,提高运动员的运动水平。     

篮球运动员疲劳消除的基本营养措施

从篮球运动项目的能量代谢特征入手,从而分析了篮球运动员的疲劳诊断,提出补充糖、蛋白质和氨基酸、水和电解质、维生素、碱性物质、肌酸等具体的解决方案。     

浅析饮食与营养对中长跑运动员的重要性

中长跑项目特点运动量大,持续时间长,能量消耗大,在训练及比赛中极易产生疲劳,所以合理饮食才能给运动员身体补充足够的营养。本文就营养物的作用及日常饮食营养的补充进行探讨,旨在提高中长跑运动员训练质量和运动成绩。     

运动员过度训练特征探讨

通过对运动员过度训练后出现疲劳特征,以疲劳特征为依据来指导和调整训练,使教练员能根据运动员的身体状况,更有针对性地安排训练。     

浅谈幼儿园营养膳食的科学管理

加强幼儿膳食管理，保证幼儿获得生长发育和活动所必须的营养，是幼儿园管理工作中的一项重要内容。幼儿正处于生长发育阶段，营养状况良好与否将直接影响到幼儿的健康成长。要保证幼儿营养平衡就要科学的制定幼儿食谱。营养平衡是指食物量的平衡和营养结构平衡，食物量平衡即每天要按幼儿人数、年龄不同比重安排好食物；营养结构平衡即每天的膳食中营养素的含量比例搭配要恰当，这样才能满足幼儿生长发育的需要。满足这两方面要求的食谱，才是保证营养平衡的食谱。我根据多年的工作经验结合现代科学管理的要求，在幼儿园的膳食管理方面采取了一些行之有效的做法，收到了良好的效果。     

Food Expenditure and Nutrient Availability in Elderly Households

A model of food expenditure and nutrient consumption is developed and estimated using the data from the elderly supplemental survey to the 1977–78 USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Results provide strong evidence that elderly households make concurrent decisions on food budgets and nutritional needs. In addition to other socioeconomic and demographic factors, the Food Stamp Program has had significant impact on food expenditure and nutritional well-being of elderly households.     

Assessing nutritional adequacy of Americans based on individual food intake patterns

The study assumes that different food patterns are the major attributes that contribute and affect the adequacy of an individual's diet and nutritional status. Analysis of dietary patterns provides a means for generalization of the diversity of diets among individuals. It also provides a basis for assessing the nutritional adequacy of such diets. The study uses individual food intake data obtained from the 1977–1978 USDA Nationwide Household Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) to classify individuals into groups of similar food consumption patterns. Nutritional profiles associated with each identified food pattern were evaluated to determine the nutritional adequacy of such diets. To analyse nutritional adequacy, the study identifies four major dietary patterns based on cluster analysis. The concepts of nutrient density and index of nutritional quality were then used to assess the adequacy of each food pattern and to identify groups of individuals that may be at risk for malnutrition and other health concerns. Furthermore, regression analyses were used to estimate the relationship between individuals' socioeconomic characteristics and selected nutrient density of their diets.     

Consumer Unit Types and Expenditures on Food Away from Home

This paper explores the relationship between consumer unit type and expenditures on food away from home using microdata from the 1989 Consumer Expenditure Survey. A log-linear model is used to purge the effects of income and race/ethnicity from the consumer unit type/food-away-from-home expenditure relationship. The income-and race/ethnicity-controlled propensities to purchase food away from home among eight consumer unit types are revealed in simple percentage form. These adjusted percentages are discussed in regard to current and future business strategy designed to address industrywide declines in expenditures on food away from home. The results offer support for some existing strategies as well as provide the basis for viable alternatives. Log-linear purging is shown to be a valuable tool for consumer researchers.     

Playing With Food: Content Analysis of Food Advergames

This study examines how food marketers use advergames, custom‐built and branded online games, to promote food products to children and provides the nutritional content of the food products featured in the advergames. The results reveal that food marketers use advergames heavily, with candy and gum or food products high in sugar most frequently appearing in the analyzed games. Children are often invited to “play with” the foods integrated as active game components. Finally, despite the educational benefits of interactive games, fewer than 3% of the games analyzed in this study appear to educate children about nutritional and health issues.     

Nutritional Improvements and Student Food Choices in a School Lunch Program

This study analyzed data on students’ food purchases linked to their school records to examine factors affecting the healthiness of their food choices and the impacts of reforms to promote healthier eating in a high school lunch program. U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Healthy Eating Index was used to evaluate the nutritional quality of the foods purchased, as well as an alterative ranking developed by the school dietitian. The new lunch program was associated with an improvement in the nutritional quality of students’ food choices. Girls tended to purchase relatively healthier food than boys, but male students had a greater improvement in the healthiness of their food choices.     

THE EFFECT OF DOMESTIC STORAGE ON THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE,PALATABILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF FOOD

The quality of food, that is, its nutritional value, palatability and acceptability can be significantly reduced by unsuitable storage in the home. This paper analyses how people store food, considers how they would like to receive information and stresses the need for more education about home food storage.     

Determinants and adequacy of food consumption of children in La Trinidad,the Philippines

In the Philippines, vitamin A and vitamin C deficiencies, particularly among children, is a pressing health problem. This article reports the results of a research project that aimed at gaining insight into the factors in the household context that influence food intake of children and the role these factors play in vitamin A and vitamin C deficiencies. The research was carried out in La Trinidad, an urban area in the Philippines, where sufficient nutritious foods proved to be available. The results show that household income has only a minor impact on nutritional status. The nutritional status of children seems to be primarily influenced by their food preferences and the level of parental control on their food intake.     

论大米的营养强化类型

大米作为人类的主食,拥有丰富的营养物质,对于人类的生活至关重要。但是,大米在加工、储存及烹调过程中,会使很多营养物质遭到破坏和流失,大大降低其营养价值。而营养强化大米就能很好地解决这一问题,其相比于普通大米而言,具有更高的营养价值。     

Common biases and heuristics in nutritional quality judgments: a qualitative exploration

The ways in which consumers make judgments about the nutritional quality of food products are a major concern for public policymakers. Given the focus on nutrition information in public health policies, the information processing paradigm has been widely used in past research. However, there is evidence that nutrition information processing is a difficult task for consumers. We examined 14 interviews from consumers of diverse social background in order to inventory the different kinds of heuristics used for making nutritional quality judgments. Narratives in which consumers elaborate about their strategies to assess nutritional quality of food products were analysed. Our findings show that: (1) consumers tend to use shortcuts to simplify nutrition information processing; (2) heuristics unrelated to nutrition information are commonly utilized; and (3) these heuristics rely on semantic, sensory and visual cues. The implications of our findings are discussed from a public policy standpoint.     

Facts-up-front: should food companies follow the FDA or industry label format? The effects of combining virtue and vice information on consumer evaluations

This research examines consumers’ processing of Facts-up-front food labels as implemented by the Grocery Manufacturers Association (GMA). Facts-up-front labels include both positive (virtues) and negative (vices) nutritional icons. The processing and relative efficacy of Facts-up-front labels are compared to the original FDA proposal of front-of-pack labels which only included vices. The results suggest heuristic processing of these labels, whereby consumers consider the nutritional icons on the front-of-pack labels similar to affective stimuli. The addition of virtues alongside vices on the label has a compensatory effect, i.e., the food item is evaluated as healthier when there are both virtues and vices on the label compared to when there are only vices. Such heuristic processing of Facts-up-front labels that allows nutritional virtues to compensate for nutritional vices has the potential for consumers evaluating harmful foods as relatively “healthy” thus compromising consumer well-being. These findings illustrate the importance of empirically testing changes to nutritional labels before large scale implementation. Since consumers process front-of-pack labels heuristically and not cognitively, it is not surprising that nutritional literacy does not moderate the effects of label design on healthiness evaluations. Furthermore, the order of the negative and positive information on Facts-up-front labels also has no effect.