期权理论与资本投资决策

资本的本质在于寻求价值增值,企业从事投资也正是基于资本在投资过程中形成的利润（率）。本文试图通过比较这两种投资决策方法,进一步说明引人期权理论的投资决策分析。1传统的投资决策方法传统的投资决策方法是指以净现值（NPV）法为核心,根据NPV大小来判断一项投资计划是否可行的一系列方法的统称。目前普遍采用的有净现值法、内含报酬率法等。1．l净现值法净现值即从投资开始直至项目寿命终结时一切现金流量（包括现金流入和现金流出）的现值的代数和,即其中：F——第t年现金净流量FO——初始投资额r——预定贴现率n——开始投…     

基于作业基础预算原理的企业新预算模式探究

随着中国市场经济快速的发展,企业作为推动经济发展的重要力量,在市场经济中的作用日益明显。由此可见,企业应该重视自身的管理,提高市场竞争力。预算在企业管理中扮演着重要的角色,对企业的发展具有重要作用。但是,在现代化的企业管理体制中,传统的预算管理模式已经不能符合企业的发展要求。因此,企业应该研发新的预算管理模式促进企业的发展。本文就针对基于作业基础预算原理的企业新预算模式进行浅显的分析与研究。     

资本限量条件下投资决策的研究

投资是企业重要的经营活动,对投资项目的取舍,一般从盈利角度进行包括财务分析在内的评价和决策,比如,预测期内项目净现值大于零时则接受,这是在假设项目投资所需资金满足前提下进行的分析,事实上,企业的投资是与筹资密不可分的,投资决策必须在一定筹资条件下进行,因为：（－）企业资金不是无限量的,不可能接受所有净现值大于零的项目;（二）企业在不同筹资方式下会有不同的资本成本,作为分析决策依据之一的收益率会因此而不同,进而影响投资决策;（三）当企业存在若干个投资项目时,需要进行项目组合的最佳选择。资本限量条件…     

基于期权理论的风险资本投资决策

传统的投资决策一般采用净现值法。该方法首先通过估计投资项目未来的现金流量并利用资本资产定价模型(CAMP)选择与项目风险相适应的贴现率计算出项目的净现值,然后再根据其净现值大于零或小于零决定接受或拒绝该投资项目。其中隐含两个基本的假设条件:投资是可逆的,如果市场前景不好,投资可全部收回并重新选择投资;投资项目要么现在进行投资要么永远失去机会。     

论企业非生产性部门资本预算方法的完善

企业非生产性部门通常不从事直接的生产活动,不产生经营性现金流,在企业非生产性部门中使用资本预算方法NPV时,需要对传统NPV测算现金流量的方式进行改进,本文提出两种解决办法。一是从增量现金流思路出发,以折旧额替代传统经营性现金流,计算NPV;二是将传统现金流分为利息税盾和其他现金流,对利息税盾用借款利率折现,对其他现金流用无负债的资金报酬率折现,计算修正的NPV(APV),单独测算负债融资给NPV带来的好处。     

当前物价上涨环境下的企业资本投资预算

从去年开始,钢材,有色金属、煤油电价明显上涨了,服务项目价格也悄悄地涨了,如今连农副产品价格也跟着涨了……伴随着我国经济步入新一轮景气周期,主要物价指数正“蠢蠢欲动”。如何看待当前的价格上扬,是刚刚走出通胀紧缩的低度物价上涨,还是宏观政策应该打压的通胀,现在还不得而知。     

家族企业高管选择与资本投资决策

本文采用我国上市家族企业的大样本数据,实证检验家族企业中高管选择对资本投资决策的影响。研究发现,由于外部职业经理人与家族股东利益不一致,投资期限相对较短,所以当企业选择外部职业经理人担任高管时,资本投资规模会显著减少。独立董事和制度环境的内外部监督机制可以对经理人的短视投资行为有一定的约束作用。同时．进一步研究发现,外部职业经理人投资效率也相对较低,监督机制对与低效率投资行为的约束作用不够显著。     

浅析企业全面预算管理体系及其基础要素

当企业发展到一定层次时,战略规划、管理层次、权力分配、成本费用控制、部门及员工绩效考评等一系列问题不断出现,妨碍了企业进一步的发展。此时,企业就需要对原有的管理体制进行调整,突破企业发展的瓶颈,使企业在一个更高的管理水平上发展,全面预算管理应运而生。文章对全面预算管理功能、全面预算管理体系的建立及其基础要素进行阐述。     

浅议企业预算管理的运行基础及作用

目前,我国很多企业认识到全面预算管理对企业发展具有重要意义,并迫切地要求实行预算管理来加大企业自身的管理与控制,提高企业的管理效率。本文就实施全面预算管理的意义着手,来分析全面预算管理的运行基础及全面预算管理的作用。     

企业投资决策科学化分析

企业增加市场竞争力需要壮大企业规模,需要进行必要的投资,企业的生存和发展离不开投资.文章主要分析现阶段企业投资决策中存在的不合理因素,探讨科学做好企业投资决策的有效途径,从而使企业壮大规模,在剧烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地.     

Capital as a commitment: Strategic investment to deter mobility

This paper analyzes how an early entrant in a market can exploit its head start by strategic investment. The analysis is based on Spence's paper, Investment strategy and growth in a new market, (Bell J. Econ., 10 (1979), 1–19). We frist study the investment game in the no-discounting case, which embodies the key features of mobility deterrence. We establish the existence of a set of perfect equilibria and suggest that one particular equilibrium is most reasonable. This equilibrium, also valid with discounting, involves the follower firm being forever deterred from investing to its steady-state reaction curve, in contrast to Spence's proposed solution.     

税收对企业投资决策的影响分析

本文将税收纳入企业投资决策应考虑的因素之中,详细分析了税收对企业投资决策影响及企业投资过程中所涉及的各种不同的税收政策,从而拓展了企业投资所应考虑的范围,使企业的投资决策建立在更加可行、更加科学的基础上.     

资本投资、控制特征与利益攫取

基于我国上市公司的所有权控制背景,本文实证考察了不同控制特征下资本投资规模对控制权收益形成的影响.研究结果发现:央企所辖上市公司通过资本投资攫取控制权收益的程度显著低于地方所辖的上市公司;民营上市公司的投资规模对控制权收益的影响程度高于中央企业集团控制的上市公司,低于地方企业集团和国资委控制的上市公司;地方企业集团所控上市公司的资本投资行为不仅挤占了中小投责者的共事利益.而且损害了企业价值.     

Financial distress,financial constraint and investment decision: Evidence from Brazil

This paper analyses the presence of financial constraint in the investment decisions of 367 Brazilian firms from 1997 to 2004, using a Bayesian econometric model with group-varying parameters. The motivation for this paper is the use of clustering techniques to group firms in a totally endogenous form. In order to classify the firms we used a hybrid clustering method, that is, hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering techniques jointly. To estimate the parameters a Bayesian approach was considered. Prior distributions were assumed for the parameters, classifying the model in random or fixed effects. Ordinate predictive density criterion was used to select the model providing a better prediction. We tested thirty models and the better prediction considers the presence of 2 groups in the sample, assuming the fixed effect model with a Student t distribution with 20 degrees of freedom for the error. The results indicate robustness in the identification of financial constraint when the firms are classified by the clustering techniques.     

Credit constraint and human capital investment: an empirical analysis using Brazilian household budget survey

This article is a first step towards understanding the relationship between credit market imperfections and inequality of opportunity in skill formation. The main goal is to investigate the effects of the credit constraint on the optimal human capital decision, in terms of degree of schooling, taking into account the household preferences for education. Our starting point is a theoretical model of human capital investment decision with credit constraint. Following a previous model in the literature, we propose a reduced-form approach that estimates the relation between education decision and initial wealth in Brazil. Our empirical analysis is conducted using data from a Brazilian Household Budget Survey (Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares), for years 2002–2003 and 2008–2009. Our results point out that education decision is in fact credit constrained. The empirical results show a strong and highly significant effect of wealth on educational level of children, teenagers and adults, even controlling by education expenditures. But we find no evidence of credit constraint on high level education decision, like undergraduate and graduate levels.     

How environmental concern influences the investment decision: an application of capital theory

We develop a conceptual analysis of long-run decisions about the economy and the environment. In particular, we focus on the innovation of a new technique of production. We base our study on three components. First, capital theory as means of describing production. Second, joint production as implied by the laws of thermodynamics. Third, the time structure of the produced waste by-product, characterised by the magnitude of its degradation rate. The crucial variable in our analysis is the decision maker's time horizon. We show that, unlike in the no pollution case or in the flow pollution case, extending the time horizon when there is a polluting capital bad may make it less likely that a new technique of production is introduced. We conclude that fully taking into account dynamic aspects of environmental pollution considerably increases the complexity of economic valuation and the need for environmental precaution when making an investment decision.     

The non-productive entrepreneurial process

A large literature explores the importance of entrepreneurship as the catalyst of economic progress. In contrast, this paper argues that entrepreneurs are the driver of economic stagnation. We analyze the non-productive entrepreneurial process and discuss three channels through which non-productive activities have a multiplier effect culminating in economic decline and stagnation. Drawing on examples of non-productive entrepreneurship from both underdeveloped and developed countries, we provide insight into why economic stagnation persists in the former and why economic decline can occur in the latter.     

A decision support system for financial and social investment

This article proposes a decision-making model that assesses the different aspects associated to Social Venture Capital (SVC) investment decisions. SVC companies buy shares of investee companies, valued according to financial and social aspects. The proposed model includes three main factors: the previous experience with the company (the past); its financial information and intangible assets (the present); and the proposed project, considering financial and social criteria (the future). The model has 26 criteria and 160 indicators, prioritized by means of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP simplifies a complex problem using a hierarchical analysis methodology, which enables subjective judgements among different criteria. The model has been tested in a given SVC company. Its development is explained in this article.     

R&D,export and investment decision: evidence from European firms

This article provides an empirical investigation of the mechanism through which R&D influences export and tangible investment decisions. The analysis is based on a large representative and cross-country comparative sample of manufacturing firms across seven European countries. The novelty of this work lies in the three aspects. First, we expand the results on the R&D–export and R&D–investment relationships to a wide sample of cross-European firms. This differentiates from previous works based on single-country samples. Second, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in years which assess empirically the relationship between R&D and tangible investment at the micro level. Third, we control for endogeneity of R&D and simultaneity in firms’ decision whether to export and carry out tangible investment. The results of the analysis suggest that R&D positively affects export propensity and tangible investment. The results also reveal that neglecting endogeneity and simultaneity issues leads to underestimate the effect of R&D to both export and investment propensities.     

人力资本、投资结构与内生经济增长

针对已有的内生增长模型忽视物质资本投资对人力资本生产和技术研发影响的现状,文章建立了一个考虑物质资本投资结构和人力资本分配比例的三部门内生经济增长模型。模型推导结果表明：均衡经济增长率与分配到教育部门的人力资本比例和物质资本比例成正比,而与分配到物质生产部门的物质资本比例和分配到研发部门的人力资本数量呈反比。