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1.
This paper examines the relationship between local financing of education and school district efficiency. In a system of local
school finance, the capitalization of school quality in housing prices provides homeowners with verifiable information regarding
the impact of school officials’ actions and strong incentives to act upon that information. I find evidence that school districts
with a higher percentage of revenues from local sources perform better on state math tests. In addition, the amount of residential
property within a school district is positively related to math test passage rates.
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2.
对西部地区1889个农户家庭经济状况进行深入调查显示,西部地区农村经济呈现智力资本、体力资本、土地资本和金融资本四重短缺,农业基本处于放弃状态,农村经济呈现无根状态。从农村经济金融的角度建立农业与农村经济增长的内在机制已势在必行。 相似文献
3.
人力资本在一定区域的集聚能促进知识和技能的相互交流,进而推动生产率水平的提高。文章利用省际劳动力微观数据,估计了我国省级层面的人力资本溢出对生产力水平的效应。结果显示,以平均受教育年限衡量的省级人力资本水平每提高一年,劳动力平均生产水平提高约10%。 相似文献
4.
Summary Does schooling generate social returns in excess of the private returns captured by the individual who makes the human capital
investment? As a strategy to detect human capital externalities I use Dutch survey data to estimate the impact of the average
human capital stock in a region on individual wages, considering regional human capital as a local public good. Indeed, the
regional fraction of high-skilled workers or the region’s average educational attainment appears with a positive and statistically
significant coefficient in an augmented Mincer specification. However, the impact on individual wages completely vanishes
when the firm’s human capital stock is included as an additional control. This may suggest that human capital externalities
predominate within firms, though alternative explanations, in particular selection of high-skilled workers in high-productive
companies and imperfect substitutability across skill groups, cannot be ruled out.
I would like to thank two referees, Nicole Bosch, Theo van de Klundert, Pierre Koning, Rob Luginbuhl, Mauro Mastrogiacomo,
Gabriela Schütz, Wouter Vermeulen, Dinand Webbink and seminar participants at the Enterprise and Industry Directorate-General
of the European Commission, the NAKE Research Day 2007, the 64th Congress of the International Institute of Public Finance,
and the CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis for helpful comments, and Joke Goes, Jelte Haagsma and Judith
Hoeben for their help with the data. Views expressed are my own, and do not necessarily reflect official positions of the
European Commission or the CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. 相似文献
5.
We examine the cyclical properties of development aid using bilateral data for 22 donors and 113 recipients during 1970–2005. We find that bilateral aid flows are on average procyclical with respect to the business cycle in both donor and recipient countries. While aid outlays contract sharply during severe downturns in donor countries, they rise steeply when aid-receiving countries experience large adverse shocks. Our findings suggest that development aid may play an important cushioning role in developing countries, but only during times of severe macroeconomic stress. Our results are robust to alternate definitions of aid flows, specifications, and estimation techniques. 相似文献
7.
We use Granger causality and impulse response analysis to examine the relationship between income inequality, human capital
attainment, and income growth using annual state-level data over the period 1929–2000. We find consistent evidence that the
income share of the top decile Granger-causes income growth, but only weak evidence that income growth Granger-causes the
top decile income share. Moreover, an impulse response analysis indicates that income growth responds negatively to permanent
changes in the income share of the top decile. These findings appear to have important regional variations, however, with
the more densely populated Eastern states showing the strongest associations. We also find evidence that years of schooling
may Granger-cause income levels, but little evidence that years of schooling Granger-causes the top decile income share.
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8.
Panel data are used to study the technical efficiency of rice producers in the Philippines. Production efficiency over time is measured using a stochastic frontier regression with error decomposition. Sources of inefficiency are identified and the link between irrigation and productive efficiency is measured. Results suggest that irrigation was associated with higher levels of technical efficiency in the sample. 相似文献
9.
<巴塞尔协议>资本充足率的规定已经成为发达国家或发展中国家银行系统资本监管的标准,提高银行资本充足率对于一国的宏观经济是否有负面的影响,(尤其是在经济低迷时期),这一问题在最近的十年中引起广泛的关注.本文借助于Peek和Rosengren的测算方法,通过计算和分析亚洲各国(地区)在经历金融危机后加强资本管制、提高资本充足率对该国宏观经济的影响时发现,这样的举措在经济低迷时期不但不会改善宏观经济状况,反而会恶化经济的发展. 相似文献
10.
在劳动力市场上 ,雇主歧视、人力资本的初始点和积累不同等原因都会导致性别工资差别。本文对上海市两所大学毕业生的能力培养和毕业后的两期收入作了实证研究。我们分析了毕业生的性别和人力资本差异对工资水平的影响 ,计量分析还发现在控制了其他因素后 ,大学里女性对自身学习能力的培养普遍高于男性 ,但是在劳动力市场上女性的工资仍然要低于男性 ,这种工资差别随工作年限的增长在扩大 相似文献
11.
The use of Taiwanese industrial data to investigate two potentially important roles of human capital on long-run economic growth (i.e. factor accumulation and technology progress), we find that human capital accounts for 46% of output growth in aggregate manufacturing industry and from 23 to 84% in two-digit industries. Significant knowledge spillover effects were found within Taiwan's manufacturing sector. For aggregate manufacturing, a roughly 29% of total rate of return to education gives a private return of 7% while the external knowledge spillover effect is 22%. For the two-digit industries, the inter-industry effect of education measures two to three times its intra-industry effect. Contrary to the Lau-Young proposition, we find that technology change in terms of knowledge spillover contributes 39% to the output growth of Taiwan's aggregate manufacturing and from 12 to 42% to that of the two-digit industries. Our results also suggest that, in the presence of externalities, growth accounting based on macro data may be misleading in interpreting the sources of growth. In addition, the case study of Taiwan suggests that opening trade broadens opportunities, and hence increases the return on human-capital investment. However, our estimation results also suggest that in terms of capturing the growth benefits from trade, threshold levels of human capital exist in most industries. 相似文献
12.
Abstract: In this paper we propose that historically generated institutions and persistent pattern of human capital formation condition the emergent systems of innovation in Africa. These factors determine the development path of the region. We advance the notion of dynamic and non‐dynamic systems of innovation, the latter describing the African condition. We combine the strands of literature on institutions and their persistence in shaping development with evolutionary theory and systems of innovation. Evidence is presented on the colonial origins of skewed schooling enrolment, at variance with the industrialization objective of modern economies. Employing simple statistical tests, the persistence of initial human capital (school enrolment) reflects in the significant correlation among the three levels of schooling enrolments, and correlation of enrolment in 1970 with per capita income in 2000, a periodicity of some three decades. This outcome is consistent with the literature on countries at early stages of development. Path‐dependency is partially proved even though we did not attempt to investigate all variables making up the system of innovation. This is a first tentative attempt to explore long‐run development in Africa within the systems of innovation framework. 相似文献
13.
Global retail companies (“supermarkets”) have an increasing influence on developing countries, through foreign investments and/or through the imposition of their private standards. The impact on developing countries and poverty is often assessed as negative. In this paper we show the opposite, based on an analysis of primary data collected to measure the impact of supermarkets on small contract farmers in Madagascar, one of the poorest countries in the world. Almost 10,000 farmers in the Highlands of Madagascar produce vegetables for supermarkets in Europe. In this global supply chain, small farmers’ micro-contracts are combined with intensive farm assistance and supervision programs to fulfill complex quality requirements and phyto-sanitary standards of supermarkets. Small farmers that participate in these contracts have higher welfare, more income stability and shorter lean periods. We also find significant effects on improved technology adoption, better resource management and spillovers on the productivity of the staple crop rice. The small but emerging modern retail sector in Madagascar does not (yet) deliver these benefits as they do not (yet) request the same high standards for their supplies. 相似文献
14.
The aim of this paper is to study the role and significance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economic performance of the Arab countries. It first highlights the importance of international capital and financial flows in the Arab and developing countries, and then concentrates on the global distribution of FDI and its position in the Arab world. This discussion is followed by an analysis of the effect of FDI on Arab technological development and total factor productivity (TFP). The paper concludes with policy recommendations and suggestions. 相似文献
16.
Atlantic Economic Journal - 相似文献
17.
What is the effect of shocks to the terms of trade on a country's current account position? The Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect predicts that an adverse shock to the terms of trade will worsen the current account balance; in contrast, the prediction of intertemporal models of the current account is dependent on the duration of the shock. This paper examines several features of the terms of trade series of five OECD countries, and the relationship between terms of trade shocks and the current account balance. Median shocks to the terms of trade are found to be highly persistent, yet with a large transitory component, and to account for only a small share of the variability of current account balances in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In contrast, terms of trade shocks are found to account for a relatively large proportion of the variability of current account balances in Australia and New Zealand. 相似文献
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