Structured problem solving for materiel managers

A structured approach to problem solving and solution documentation is one of the keys to continuous improvement. Without it, it is quite possible to solve the wrong problem, to solve the right problem in the wrong way, or (maybe worst of all) to solve the same problem over and over again. Companies that have figured out how to solve the right problems in the right way, once and for all, will ultimately move forward much faster than their competitors.     

Customer-centered measurement of service operations: a B2B case study

This study examines how the customer can be utilized in performance measurement and evaluation of complex engineered service operations in the business-to-business environment. The framework put forth by Ukko and Pekkola for a customer-centered approach to performance measurement in service operations is used, focusing on the special nature of service processes and the customer’s perspective. The results of this case study show that in non-interactive customer-related processes, performance evaluation can be a viable alternative to performance measurement. In addition, enabling the customer to participate in the evaluation and measurement of service operations will generate not only new measures but also new services.     

利用特殊角度辅助面求解画法几何交线问题

在大学"机械制图"这门课程和相关配套教材中,都只仅介绍了利用最常见的V、H、W3个平行平面作为辅助面来求解集合体的截交线问题。这种方法利于理解和掌握,在某些问题中比较简便,但是对于曲面相对较多或者较复杂的组合体,要确定截交线上的点需要反复利用分规作图,这样工作量和作图误差都会变得比较大。因此,文章着重介绍利用特殊角度辅助面来解决此类问题,以此提高作图效率和精度。     

一个基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的传热反问题求解方法

准确估计材料的物性参数、初始条件、边界条件等对于热能工程领域具有重要意义。导热反问题(Inverse HeatConduction Problems,IHCP)提供了一种获取上述参数的有效途径,IHCP的成功应用在一定程度上取决于反演算法的效率。文章提出一种同时考虑被反演对象演化信息和测量信息的反演模型,原始IHCP问题被转化为一个状态-空间问题,无迹卡尔曼滤波(Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF)方法被发展用于求解该反演模型。数值模拟结果表明,该算法能够改善反演精度,而且,该算法的执行并不要求计算目标函数的梯度信息、雅克比矩阵和黑森矩阵,有效地降低了计算的复杂性与代价,从而为求解IHCP问题提供了一个有效途径。     

浅析解决电费回收问题的管理方法

电费是电力企业生产、经营活动中唯一的产品销售收入,电费回收是电费管理抄、核、收工作中的最后一个环节,也是电力企业资金周转的一个重要环节,文章主要分析了电费回收的重要性及解决电费回收问题的几个管理方法。     

Comparison of exact and approximate methods of solving the uncapacitated plant location problem

This study was prompted by a recently published article in this journal on facility location by D. R. Sule. We show that the claim made by Sule of a novel and extremely simple algorithm yielding optimum solutions is not true. Otherwise, the algorithm would represent a breakthrough in decision-making for which a number of notoriously hard problems could be efficiently recast as location problems and easily solved.In addition, several variants of common location problems addressed by Sule are reviewed. In the last twenty years, many methods of accurately solving these problems have been proposed. In spite of their increased sophistication and efficiency, none of them claims to be a panacea. Therefore, researchers have concurrently developed a battery of fast but approximate solution techniques. Sule's method was essentially proposed by Kuehn and Hamburger in 1963, and has been adapted many times since.We exhibit several examples (including the one employed by Sule) in which Sule's algorithms lead to nonoptimal solutions. We present computational results on problems of size even greater than those utilized by Sule, and show that a method devised by Erlenkotter is both faster and yields better results.In a cost-benefit analysis of exact and approximate methods, we conclude that planning consists of generating an array of corporate scenarios, submitting them to the “optimizing black box,” and evaluating their respective merits. Therefore, much is to be gained by eliminating the vagaries of the black box—that is, by using an exact method—even if the data collection and the model representation introduce sizable inaccuracies. Ironically, large problems (those that typically require most attention) cannot be solved exactly in acceptable computational times. Pending the imminent design of a new generation of exact algorithms, the best heuristics are those that guarantee a certain degree of accuracy of their solutions.     

Decision-making in the supply chain: Examining problem solving approaches and information availability

In this paper we investigate the role of two types of problem solving approaches on supply chain performance. Additionally, we investigate how the level of information availability moderates problem solving approach on supply chain performance. We draw on construal level theory from the experimental psychology literature to explain how the problem solving approaches (abstract problem solving approach vs. concrete problem solving approach) contribute to supply chain performance. From this foundation, we run a series of behavioral experiments to test our hypotheses that problem solving approaches and information availability impact supply chain performance as presented in the beer distribution game. A key finding of this study is that individuals who take an abstract problem solving approach are able to perform better than individuals who take a concrete problem solving approach in the context of limited information availability. However, in the context of complete information availability, the impact of both types of problem solving approaches on performance becomes negligible.     

Development of spatial ability extra tasks (SAET): problem solving with spatial intelligence

Quality & Quantity - Spatial ability contributes to performance in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Spatial skills and creativity are required for engineering studies....     

资源枯竭型城市解决就业问题的新途径——以阜新市为例

我国资源枯竭型城市众多,就业形势十分严峻.辽宁省阜新市作为国务院确定的全国资源枯竭型城市经济转型的第一个试点,安置下岗失业矿工再就业最具有特色的渠道是发展都市农业.总结和肯定了阜新市的做法是资源枯竭型城市解决就业问题一条新途径、新规律,阐述了其他同类城市应该如何借鉴阜新市解决就业问题的经验.     

"牛鞭效应"的成因及解决途径

减小供应链中"牛鞭效应"是实现供应链管理的关键,也是提升供应链企业竞争力的有效方式之一.本文在介绍了"牛鞭效应"概念及其产生原因的基础上,论述了集中需求信息,实现信息资源共享是减小"牛鞭效应"的途径和方法;然后架构了一个基于电子商务的信息资源共享系统,并对其系统进行了简要的描述和分析.     

地名管理中的问题及解决途径——以深圳市为例

地名管理是城市管理的一项基础性工作.以深圳市为例,针对深圳地名管理工作中存在的突出问题,从观念、法规和技术等层面,提出了对策和建议.     

Gold and platinum: Toward solving the price puzzle

Gold and platinum prices are positively correlated over 1985–2006. Yet, over shorter sample periods the correlation changes from positive to negative (1996–2001) and back. The objective of this paper is to determine whether this shift is the result, at least in part, of the rapid increase in forward sales by gold producers, which had the effect of substantially lowering gold prices in the second half of the 1990s (Kearney, A. & Lombra, L. (2008). The non-neutral short run effects of derivatives on gold prices. Applied Financial Economics, 18, 985–994). The results show declining gold prices are associated with large net increases in forward sales, while rising gold prices are associated with declining forward sales or producer dehedging.     

Where have all the traditional classroom settings gone?—The use of large scale, public sector projects to illustrate a multidisciplinary approach to problem solving

This work describes the evolution and potential of an elective course for students who have already been exposed to the standard techniques of problem solving as presented in traditional courses. Students apply these techniques to large scale problems in directed mullidisciplinary project teams. In doing so, they are provided with a unique learning experience allowing them to serve as a resource to the community. Course projects described here include the promotion of a railing retail district; the formulation, implementation and monitoring of litter reduction strategies; the economic evaluation of using inmate labor to clean public areas; and economic comparisons of recycling strategies for used tires.     

On solving a linear program with one quadratic constraint

A solution procedure for linear programs with one convex quadratic constraint is suggested. The method finds an optimal solution in finitely many iterations.Fractional programming, quadratic programming.

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Sunto Si propone una procedura di soluzione per un programma lineare con un vincolo quadratico convesso.Il metodo perviene a una soluzione ottima in un numero finito di iterazioni.

     

TD终端问题导致网络单通/双不通的问题分析

通过使用Node B语音环回、终端性能测量、基带信号DSP数据检测、信令抓取分析等多种新技术手段,找出了TD网络单通/双不通问题发生的原因,并提出了合理的解决办法。