Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Locally Produced Ground Beef: A Case Study of the Rural Northern Great Plains

This study examined consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for locally produced ground beef with an emphasis on the impacts of product attributes and the heterogeneity caused by rural consumers’ characteristics. We applied the choice-based conjoint technique to analyze data collected from a typical rural town in the Northern Great Plains. The results indicate that location associated product brand differences and leanness were dominant components affecting consumers’ WTP. The premium of locally produced ground beef for consumers with a close tie to local production is $0.48/lb. Cut difference, grass-fed, and organic were trivial factors in determining consumers’ WTP.     

大连市高新技术产业合理布局的对策

高新技术产业是提升自主创新能力、建设创新型城市的重要载体和依托。合理的产业布局是推动高新技术产业快速发展的前提。在分析大连市高新技术产业发展现状基础上,从制定布局规划、加速产业集聚、引进培育各类开发建设主体、健全政策法规体系等方面提出促进高新技术产业合理布局等4点建议。     

科学发展观下的土地利用规划方法 ——北京市东三乡之“反规划”案例

研究目的：探讨基于“反规划”思想的土地利用规划方法和将生态基础设施与土地利用规划相结合的具体途径,以促进土地资源的可持续利用。研究方法：景观安全格局分析方法、GIS空间分析方法。研究结果：（1）以北京市东三乡为例,提出了运用“反规划”理论和景观安全格局方法,通过建立不同安全水平的生态基础设施,进行土地控制分区,并制定相应的土地管理导则;（2）依据不同生态过程的景观安全格局和土地控制分区,调整各土地利用类型的空间布局,提高土地利用效率。研究结论：基于“反规划”思想的土地利用规划方法符合土地生命系统的内在机制,能够充分发挥土地资源的综合效益,可以为新一轮土地利用规划提供理念和方法上的借鉴,也是实现精明保护与精明发展的有效工具。     

笋用毛竹林“春笋早出”覆盖经营技术的经济效益分析

基于笋用毛竹林科技示范户种植地块投入产出记录数据,对笋用毛竹林"春笋早出"覆盖经营的投入产出及经济效益进行了评价,对其经济效益的敏感性进行了分析。研究结果表明:⑴与普通经营毛竹林相比,笋用毛竹林覆盖经营的要素投入与竹笋产出均很高,属于高度集约经营,而且投入与产出结构也有明显差异;⑵在当前市场条件下,采用"春笋早出"覆盖经营技术的笋用毛竹林,其成林后年均净收益达3.4万元/hm2,60年经营周期林地净现值(NPV)达36.9万元/hm2;⑶笋用毛竹林覆盖经营经济收益对冬笋价格、覆盖物价格、劳动力价格及贴现率变动非常敏感,在劳动力与覆盖物成本不断上涨的背景下,未来笋用毛竹林覆盖经营的经营效益如何,仍然具有一定的不确定性。因此,应该进一步加强对笋用毛竹林"春笋早出"覆盖经营技术的研究与示范;在制定产业发展政策时,要充分考虑市场环境变化可能带来的影响与风险;应加强对笋用毛竹林地生态效应的评估与监测。     

沉积盆地有效储集层综合识别技术新进展

沉积盆地有效储集层综合识别技术是基于线性预测方法技术与非线性预测方法技术有机结合而形成的，它可一次性实现对油气储集层综合再综合评价研究，并可对储集层的岩性及含油气性作出准确的判别。实际应用研究表明，该综合识别技术具有前沿性和实用性，具有广阔的应用前景。     

中国古代种芋法的技术演进及其对现代农学的贡献

本文以中国古代主要古农书为研究材料 ,详细论证了种芋法的渊源、历代传承关系、技术演进的脉络 ,并以图示表明主要古农书中种芋法的传承关系。研究结果表明 ,(1 )战国时期《管子·轻重甲篇》(公元前四世纪 )、西汉时期《史记·货殖列传》(公元前一世纪 )等是最早有芋记载的古籍 ;(2 )初载于西汉末年的《胜之书·种芋篇》流传应用至今 ,至少已有 2 0 0 0多年的历史 ;(3 )公元六世纪的《齐民要术·种芋第十六》为种芋法的传承和发展起到了承上启下的重要作用 ;(4 )明代的《芋经》是中国古代种芋法的经典著作 ;(5 )历代农者在种芋实践中不断探索、改进 ,逐渐形成了一套完整的芋种植技术。 (6)种芋法文字记载完整 ,操作要点具体 ,增产效果明显 ,广为历代农者所重视。中国古代种芋法对于当今“崇尚天然 ,回归自然”的有机生态农业具有重要的启示作用。     

A LINEAR PROGRAMMING SOLUTION TO SOME MARKET ALLOCATION PROBLEMS

Certain market allocation problems involving linear average net revenue functions can be solved by linear programming. The technique can be applied to an objective function derived from linear marginal net revenue functions, the objective being to force each marginal net revenue as near to zero as possible given the constraint set. If a particular problem is suited to a linear programming solution, researchers may prefer to use this technique rather than more sophisticated optimization methods.     

Agreement based land consolidation – In perspective of new modes of governance

A comparative study on the performance of new modes of governance in selected Central and Eastern European countries stated the problem that the emergence of new modes of governance in environmental policy is impaired by weak governance capacities in state and civil society and lack of mutual trust among stakeholders (Börzel, 2009a). The purpose of this article is to draw attention to agreement based land consolidation for implementation of area based environmental policies. The article contends that land consolidation exclusively based on agreements can cope with capacity constraints in state and civil society and at the same time apply the principles of new modes of governance. The research questions are: (i) how are principles of new modes of governance applied in agreement based land consolidation? (ii) what are the incentives and the technique in agreement based land consolidation? and (iii) what are the capacity building requirements for an agreement based land consolidation approach? The Danish land consolidation procedure is used as an example of an agreement based approach. Transaction technique, planning technique, and incentives are exposed with reference to transaction cost theory. The impact on trust is illuminated with reference to theory on social capital. The wetland projects serve as an example of area based environmental projects and is illustrated by a case. Data, however incomplete, indicate that agreement based land consolidation has been and is used as an important implementation tool in land related environmental policies in Denmark. The article concludes that the agreement based approach displays key features of new modes of governance. The principle of voluntary agreements grants the affected non-state actors a strong position to influence the final policy outcome and they contribute with local knowledge and mediation. The approach avoids conventional enforcement. Agreement based land consolidation is possible but relies on demanding preconditions. The investment in incentives and capacity building can be justified by a broad range of benefits.     

Price and quantity controlled agricultural markets and disequilibrium econometrics: a survey

This survey reviews the literature on estimating single markets in disequilibrium in the presence of regulated price and/or quantity controls, e.g., minimum price regimes and/or marketing quotas. Most of the literature is found to describe pure econometric technique, with only a few applications having emerged to date. Various reasons for the broad non-acceptance of this literature are offered, including a perceived lack of realism. Proposals to close this econometric theory–application gap are put forward, including: the use of effective demand concepts in specifying demand and supply functions; synthesizing some closely related literature on agricultural price/quantity controls with disequilibrium econometrics (i.e., endogenous government policy and the effects controls have on yield uncertainty and price risk); and outlining more ‘applicable’ econometric technique extensions.     

Integrated assessment of cropping patterns under different policy scenarios in Quzhou County,North China Plain

Agricultural land use is affected by government policies and leads to different consequences of regional sustainability. In this work, changes in cropping patterns including acreage, cropping locations and management-related environmental impacts were simulated under various policy scenarios for Quzhou County, China. This county is in China's major agricultural region, the North China Plain. Four dominant crop systems were categorized (winter wheat/summer maize, winter wheat/summer maize/spring maize, cotton, and vegetables) and analyzed, following two alternative policy scenarios that either prioritized government funding to subsidize crop production (“subsidy” scenario) or promoted advanced irrigation techniques (“technique” scenario). Input–output coefficients for all four crop systems were determined, mainly irrigation demand, yield, and price of produce, but other factors like a limited area of arable land and scarce regional water resources were also considered. For the simulation, a LINDO Inc. system was linked with the CLUE (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects) model. Temporal changes of crop systems were simulated with the LINDO system, whereas spatial dynamics of cropping patterns were simulated with the CLUE model, based on land suitability maps. The results show that crop patterns changed variably with time under the two scenarios, and water availability was the primary constraint on sustainability of land use. Under the subsidy scenario, winter wheat/summer maize/spring maize became dominant across the entire county, replacing other crop systems. In contrast, the vegetable system gradually occupied farmland surrounding the township under the technique scenario. The different policies produced opposite consequences for regional sustainability. Although a “subsidy” policy contributed to farmers’ income, it did not encourage water conservation for sustainable crop production, leading to land abandonment because of water shortage. In contrast, the “technique” policy partially cut direct financial benefits to farmers, but promoted water conservation and made a substantial contribution to agricultural sustainability.     

基于GIS的数据中心维护器辅助工具的实现

通过描述国土资源管理业务目前所存在的问题,提出应用Visual C 6.0和MAPGIS开发平台开发数据中心维护器辅助工具来解决目前相应系统所存在的问题,并提出了相应的设计思想和开发方案.在详细阐述功能的实现过程的基础上,提出利用插件技术等实现输入任意范围对多专题数据进行分析.研究表明:利用插件技术等是解决目前相应系统问题的一个重要手段,并在分析的基础上,对相应区域进行土地利用评价,为实现土地利用综合效益最优化奠定了基础.     

膜蒸馏法处理含甲醇废水的应用技术

甲醇废水是化工工业排放的有毒废水,如何采用经济有效的技术方法化害为利?采用自制中空纤维膜蒸馏组件对含甲醇废水进行膜蒸馏处理,研究影响甲醇通量的诸因素:如料液温度、浓度、流速以及载液流量等,通过实验得出处理甲醇废水的最佳条件,即料液温度为45℃,载液温度为20℃,两侧流量为11.5ml/min,膜通量约为0.45×10-3kg/m2·h。采用膜蒸溜法,浓度高达10mg/ml的甲醇废水溶液经处理后可降至0.03mg/ml以下,达到国家规定的排放标准,可作农用灌溉水。     

洪水保险的保费计算方法研究

确定洪水保险费的计算方法是防洪保险事业的基本工作，也是推行洪灾保险工作的关键。现有的洪水保险费率的计算模式对保险公司而言实际上存在着隐性保费亏空问题，对此，提出一种洪水保险费的失真定价原则来计算纯保费，并给出基于GIS的具体计算方法和修正步骤，与传统的保险精算模型方法相比，这种基于GIS的保险定价方法提供了一个更加精确、高效、灵活的解决方案，将赋予保险商更加强大的竞争力。     

CONJOINT MEASUREMENT IN HAM QUALITY EVALUATION

Conjoint measurement is a technique, recently developed in the fields of psychometrics and consumer research, that can help managers and researchers to obtain insight in the way consumers evaluate the quality of products. The paper reports an application of this technique to quality evaluations with respect to ham. On the average, packing was the most important quality attribute. However, market segmentation was necessary because respondents were rather heterogeneous with respect to the quality evaluation process of ham. Four segments were identified. Consumer characteristics could meaningfully differentiate between the segments. The contributions which conjoint measurement can make to decision making with respect to marketing of agricultural and food products are discussed.     

基于SBO-PP模型的水资源可持续发展能力评价模型及应用

为利用投影寻踪(PP)技术科学,客观评价区域水资源可持续发展能力,基于生态环境、水资源和经济社会因素选取20个指标构建区域水资源可持续发展能力评价指标体系。利用新型仿生群体智能算法——凉亭鸟优化(SBO)算法优化PP技术最佳投影方向,提出SBO-PP水资源可持续发展能力评价模型,并构建灰狼优化(GWO)算法-PP模型、人工蜂群(ABC)算法-PP模型、差分进化(DE)算法-PP模型、地理生物学优化(BBO)算法-PP模型、粒子群优化(PSO)算法-PP模型作对比,以云南省2006—2015年及2020年水资源可持续发展能力评价为例进行实例研究。结果表明:SBO算法优化PP技术获得的适应度值优于GWO、ABC、DE、BBO和PSO算法,具有较好的求解精度、稳健性能和极值寻优能力。SBO-PP模型对云南省2006—2007年水资源可持续发展能力评价为"较差",2008—2015年评价为"中等",2020年评价为"较强"。     

A FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING SIMULATION

This expository article is designed to provide the agricultural economist with an introduction to simulation models. An intellectual framework is suggested to assist the reader in relating the several types of models that may be encountered in the literature. The Monte Carlo technique for experimentation with stochastic models is emphasized because of its potential usefulness.
UN EXPOSE DES MODELES DE SIMULA TION - L'objet de cet article était de vous familiariser avec des modèles de conditions simulées. Le raisonnement propose devrait aider les lecteurs à se faire une idée des divers modèles qui surgissent dans ces écrits. A cause de son utilité, la technique Monte Carlo est soulignée comme expérimentation.     

Diversification choices in agriculture: a Choice Modelling case study of sugarcane growers

Growers in the sugarcane industry have been struggling under financial pressure for several years. One option to improve farm viability might be to diversify farm enterprise income. Choice Modelling, an economic valuation technique, was used to explore the trade-offs growers make between different attributes of diversification, and how their choices may be related to certain socio-economic characteristics. Application of the technique involved surveys of cane growers in three regions of Central Queensland. This is a novel approach to assessing grower intentions that has the potential to reveal detailed information about influences on grower choices.     

校园网信息建设技术探讨

本文简介了传统的客户机/服务器(C/S结构)模式和当前流行的浏览器/服务器(B/S结构)模式 ,而瘦客户模式是网络发展的必然趋势 ;分析了基于Web的数据库访问技术建立的动态网页在校园网信息建设中的优势 ;提出了信息服务、信息管理和办公信息在WWW上发布的模式和可行性方案;深入研究了CGI技术、API技术、ODBC技术、JD BC技术、ASP技术和LotusDomino/Notes技术在WWW上的应用前景。本项建设采用基于ASP的ODBC技术作为结构化数据库的信息发布 ,使用LotusDomino/Notes技术建立校园网办公自动化 ,其信息发布技术成熟 ,安全可靠 ,是校园网信息建设应该采取的方案。     

Migrant remittances and financial inclusion among households in Nigeria

This article investigates the impact of remittances on financial inclusion, using the 2009 World Bank’s Migration and Remittances Household Survey data for Nigeria. An instrumental variable estimation technique was used to estimate the impact of remittances on financial inclusion, and migrant network effect was used as an instrument to control for potential endogeneity between remittance and financial inclusion. This article finds that the receipt of remittances increases the probability of using formal financial services, such as deposit accounts and Internet/mobile banking. This article concludes that reducing barriers and costs to remittance inflows can improve the access to and use of formal financial services in Nigeria, which can lead to an increase in funds for investments and the economic growth of the country.     

采运生产力水平与科技发展及应用关系研究

通过对中外森林采运生产技术的对比 ,了解我国生产技术指标现状及差距所在 ,分析科技进步与采运生产技术指标之间的关系 ,阐述我国采运技术落后的关键所在 ,针对今后如何发展我国采运科技 ,提高采运生产技术指标提出看法和设想