证券市场审计合谋形成的经济学分析

除了审计师追求经济利益最大化的经济人属性与机会主义倾向,我国证券市场审计合谋的根本原因在于法律和声誉这两个互补机制均处于失效状态。相关审计制度存在漏洞,执行机制存在缺陷,审计声誉机制几乎失效,致使法律制度的外在威慑力、声誉机制的内在促动力均无法得到有效发挥。     

试析税收执法内控机制

税收执法内控机制的建立对于推进依法治税、防范和规避执法风险具有重大意义.建立税收执法内控机制的具体思路是继续加强制度建设,建立税收执法风险防范体系,健全监督检查管理体系,深化税收执法责任制,进一步完善配套措施.     

新企业所得税法税收优惠制度介评

新企业所得税法的颁布与实施是我国税制改革的重大进展,该法不仅将有效改变企业间税负不平现象,还对税收优惠政策作出了重大调整,税收优惠制度成为新税法的一大亮点.新企业所得税法实行"产业优惠为主、区域优惠为辅"的新的税收优惠机制,统一了内资、外资企业的税收优惠政策,整合了现行税收优惠政策,明确了税收优惠的过渡期安排.     

对税收竞争中地方政府行政权力滥用的思考

税收竞争中存在的地方政府行政权力滥用,不仅扰乱了公平竞争的市场秩序,也严重破坏了税法的统一性和严肃性,影响了资源的合理配置和经济的稳定发展.追求自身利益最大化的内在动力、包括税制在内的与税收竞争相关的法律制度的不完善,以及缺乏有效的法律制度实施机制,是税收竞争过程中地方政府仍然滥用行政权力进行干预的主要原因.因此,必须通过推进税制改革和加强相关的法律制度建设来遏制地方政府的这种失范行为,为有序的税收竞争提供一个良好的外部环境.     

“股利税收追随者效应”研究述评

股利政策是上市公司最重要的财务决策之一.国内股利研究忽视了税收这个重要制度变量.本文对“股利税收追随者效应”的相关研究进行了全面、系统的文献梳理,总结了国外最新研究动态,以期为中国上市公司“股利税收追随者效应”的研究提供依据.     

审计合谋的特征变量、预警模型及其效果研究

审计合谋是管理当局与审计师勾结的结果,十分隐蔽,但并非不可以在一定程度上预警。本文根据审计合谋的特点,拓展了现有财务报告舞弊预警研究,通过多元回归获取了审计合谋的特征变量,采用多种方法建立预警效果较好的审计合谋预警模型。判定分析结果表明,在预警效果上,多变量预警模型大大优于单变量判定模型,且Logistic模型预警效果依次优于PROBIT模型和LPM模型。     

试论我国税收优先权制度的完善

我国的<税收征管法><破产法>等对税收优先权均作了相关规定,但存在法律规定不统一、内容不具体和相关配套措施不健全等问题.应建立统一的税收优先权法律制度,明确其适用的税种、客体范围、税收债权和担保债权优先顺序的时间界限等,进一步完善欠税公告制度和信息交换机制.     

基于隐性激励的公共部门组织合谋防范机制设计研究

将隐性激励方式引入合谋理论研究,建立了公共部门组织的政府一监察者一执行单位问的三层委托代理模型,重点考察了声誉机制和监督强度对合谋合约结构的影响.研究结果表明,监察者和执行单位越关注自身声誉,子合同转移支付效率就越低,合谋越不容易发生;而外部监督强度越高.合谋被发现的概率越高,合谋越不容易发生.     

税收征管规范化影响了股价同步性吗？——基于税务行政处罚裁量基准的准自然实验

健全税务行政处罚裁量基准制度是法治政府建设过程中地方税务部门税收征管治理改革的重要举措。本文以2016年起各省级税务局陆续出台的《税务行政处罚裁量基准》为准自然实验场景,探究了税收征管规范化对公司股价同步性的影响。研究发现,相比实施前,各地方税务行政处罚裁量基准实施后,税收征管规范化显著降低了公司股价同步性,这种关系尤其体现在避税程度高、征纳合谋程度高和内部控制质量低的公司中。实证结果表明,随着税务行政处罚裁量基准制度的实施,税收征管规范化显著降低了公司股价同步性,增加了公司股价信息含量。因此,税收征管体制规范化能够优化上市公司外部治理环境,对改善资本市场信息披露环境具有重要实践意义。     

征税行为激励的制度分析

征税是一个包括国家、征税人和纳税人在内的动态过程,我国大量税收流失与对征税行为的激励不足有关,本文通过建立模型和对七大变量的讨论,认为未来我国税收征管制度的改革应充分重视对征税行为激励的制度建设。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

Disclosure of government financial information and the cost of local government’s debt financing——Empirical evidence from provincial investment bonds for urban construction

China’s slowing economic growth and rapid urbanization have made local government debt financing a significant issue.This study uses a sample of China’s provinc...     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.