毛竹“一竹三笋”丰产培育技术

毛竹“一竹三笋”是指以毛竹材、春笋、鞭笋和冬笋综合丰产为培育目标的竹林。 1．合理施肥 3月初施笋前肥，每亩施复合肥50—60公斤，或尿素40公斤。6月施行鞭肥，每亩施复合肥80公斤左右，或尿素50公斤。     

“红四方”牌系列肥

一、“红四方”系列复合肥 公司农化科研人员根据各地土壤养分状况和作物需肥特性，运用平衡施肥原理研制开发出“红四方”系列复合肥，分氯基、硫基、尿基、BB肥、OA活性肥和结晶有机肥六大系列、八十多个品种，可广泛用于水稻、小麦、油菜、玉米、西瓜、棉花、花生、大豆、烟草、茶叶、药材、果树、蔬菜等多种作物。公司年产各类复合肥60万吨，公司“十一五”规划，建百万吨复合肥生产基地。     

复合肥再涨

春耕在即，从去年底开始的复合肥涨价潮仍在继续，春节后各复合肥厂再次将价格上调了100元／吨左右，至此较去年下半年上涨幅度约达500元／吨。但对这凶猛的涨价潮市场普遍缺乏信心，无论是批发商还是零售商都因担忧高价肥撑不了太久，不敢大量进货，库存大多只有往年的一半不到，业内观望一片。     

复合肥市场亟待治理

近几年来 ,随着农村科技兴农的推广和农业种植结构的调整 ,农民的用肥结构发生了重大变化 ,特别对复合肥的需求量逐年增加。如江苏省苏州市平均每年以１５ %的速度递增。由于复合肥俏销 ,近几年来 ,一股大办小复合肥厂热正在各地日趋加温。有的是化工行业办的 ,有的是供销部门办的 ,有的是工商或农商联合办的 ,更多的是乡村集体乃至个体户“因陋就简 ,土法上马”一哄而上办起来的。如果这些厂真正能按要求生产出更多质优价廉的复合肥 ,满足农业生产发展的需要 ,这当然是件好事。但目前的状况并非完全如此 ,其中有相当比重的产品质量不过关 ,…     

新华经济凸显“非国有”板块

以生产“北珠”品牌精米而享誉海内外的黑龙江新华农场，在其拳头产业“北珠”被划为分局的“龙头”后，立即掉转船头，把眼光瞄向“非国有”。截至目前，该场共投放扶持“非国有”资金６３１万元，非国有经济总产值达１．６９亿元，利润达６８００万元，从业户数７６３０户，从业人员达１７４０９人，从业户均收入达８８５１元，从业人均收入达３７８９元。非国有经济呈现出牛、特、大的特点，收到了“稳农、兴工、促牧、活商、富民”的效果。“牛业”真正“牛”自加入完达山乳业集团后，新华农场“牛风”劲吹，“牛经”猛念，“牛劲”倍增…     

提档升级备春耕 不负农时不负春——新华农场有限公司备春耕工作纪实

<正>2023年2月28日，新华农场有限公司暖库内机械轰鸣，工作人员正紧锣密鼓地为统供芽种进行包衣作业，确保安全放心的优质良种及时下摆到种植户手中，为春耕工作做足准备。2023年，新华农场有限公司紧紧围绕集团“三大一航母”建设工程、落实“1213”工程体系、“32366”任务体系、“1241”农业社会化服务模式，深化“一目标、两平台、六基地”产业化发展思路，以农业现代化高质量发展为目标，     

“天辰渔肥”与传统肥料比较

“天辰渔肥”是一种新型无机、有机高效渔用复合肥，既能培肥水体，促使鱼、虾、蟹、蚌、贝饵料生物的大量繁殖，又能改善水质，减少病害，有效避免泛塘。“天辰渔肥”融合无机肥速效、有机肥长效和生物促效的特点为一体，充分应用水体施肥“以磷促氮，以微促长”的理论，并在肥料中添加各种微量元素、肥料增效剂等多种有效成份，使用效果明显优于传统的有机农肥和无机化肥。     

“天辰水产专用液体肥”对养殖池塘中浮游生物群结构的影响

“天辰水产专用液体肥”是一种高浓度多元素复合液体肥料。该产品的水溶性好，并具有组分含量高和养分利用率高的特点。因为浮游生物的种类、数量、生产量是评价水体营养类型和生产潜力的重要指标。我国池塘养殖水体“肥、瘦”主要是根据浮游生物的种、量来判断的。为了深入探讨这种“天辰水产专用液体肥”对水产养殖水体中浮游植物种群变化动态的影响，特进行本研究。     

赣榆县艳青肥料有限公司

赣榆县艳青肥料有限公司成立于2002年7月，法人：张衍青，总投资500万元左右，经这几年的努力，公司现资产已达到2500多万元，公司员工100多人，本科以上研发人员8名。精湛销售人员20名，公司主要生产氮磷钾复合肥，水稻药物肥、有机复合肥，无机复合肥、BB肥、鱼肥、等高科技肥料。     

作物专用多元素有机复合肥

作物专用多元素有机复合肥该肥是山东省农科院原子能所在该省首创的高新技术产品。１９８５年通过省级鉴定，产品投放市场以来，先后经２０多个县市的大面积试验示范证明，其具有投资少、见效快、经济效益高及综合农艺性状好等特点。１．果树蔬菜专用肥，有机质含量１０％...     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

土地学科的建设和发展——"土地学科发展规划研讨会"综述

中国土地科学学科发展已取得很大成就,表现为专业教育和人才培养成绩突出、初步形成学科体系、取得大批研究成果.而存在的问题主要是基础理论研究欠缺、独特的土地科学研究方法体系尚未形成、研究角度单一、学术交流质量不高和学科带头人的影响力不足.土地科学学科发展目前面临着巨大的机遇和挑战,应明确土地科学学科发展的基本思路、发展目标及2010-2020年的主要建设任务和保障措施.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.