Trade and the impact of innovations and standards: the case of Germany and the UK

The effects of patents as indicators for innovations and standards on German trade performance are analysed in general and German–British trade in detail. The latter analysis goes a step further than the approach of Swann et al. () and is based on a broader and more detailed database. The results show that Germany's export performance can primarily be explained by its innovative capacity and only to a small extent by its strength in standards. Furthermore, the results underscore the common view of the trade-fostering effect of international standards, while ‘idiosyncratic' standards have ambiguous effects on exports.     

Innovation and the competitiveness of industries: Comparing the mainstream and the evolutionary approaches

The study of the relationships between innovation and the competitiveness of industries is an important topic for both, academic research and economic policy. The huge economics literature flourished in the last couple of decades on the subject broadly falls into two distinct research traditions, namely the mainstream R&D spillovers approach and the evolutionary economics view. Both traditions agree on the important role played by innovation and the inter-sectoral diffusion of advanced knowledge for the competitive performance of industrial sectors. Behind this general agreement, however, the two approaches are radically different. This paper shows that, at a deeper level of analysis, the mainstream and evolutionary views do indeed differ with respect to their theoretical foundations, empirical research and policy implications. In a nutshell, while the mainstream R&D spillover approach is inspired by a traditional view of economic policy based on a market-oriented approach, the evolutionary view is on the contrary consistent with the idea that institutional arrangements and policy interventions do indeed play a fundamental role for shaping innovation patterns and their impacts on the competitiveness of industries.     

区域性农业机械化与农牧民参与行为分析

农牧业的根本出路在于机械化。为了探讨我国农业机械化制度设计与农村具体实践之间的互动关系,用定性与定量相结合的方法,以内蒙古伊金霍洛旗农牧业机械化实践的演化为基本线索,研究了农业机械化实践演进的轨迹与农牧民参与行为。发现国家对社会控制的限度决定了农民能自行发展农业机械化的空间。在税费改革后国家的农机补贴在一定意义上构成国家重塑农民对国家农牧业机械化政策认同的工具,促进了农牧业生产力法人提高。今后要进一步加强国家的政策与法律动员,进一步推动农地的流转,促进土地的规模化经营,以实现大机械的使用。同时,要强化农业机械化的技术支持和保障系统,积极推进农机创新与推广体系的建设。     

关于创业与创新的内涵、比较与集成融合研究

本文研究表明,创新与创业尽管有各自明确的研究边界,但却有着密不可分的内在联系。二者的交集表现为创新与创业的集成与融合。在信息化、经济全球化背景下,二者的相互作用和集成融合,对于我国创新、创业的理论与实践,对于构建创新型国家以及推动高等院校创新、创业教育以及创新创业型人才培养具有重大且深远影响。     

Inequality and growth: the perverse relation between the productive and the non-productive assets of the economy

The explosion generated by the global financial crisis in 2008 and its transmission to the real economies have been interpreted as calling for new kinds of regulation of the banking and the financial systems that would have allowed re-establishing a virtuous relation between the real and the financial sectors of the economy. In this paper we maintain a different view, that the financial crisis and the ensuing real crisis have roots in the strong increase in income inequality that has been taking place in the Western world in the last thirty years or so. This has created an all around aggregate demand deficiency crisis that has strongly reduced prospects and opportunities for investments in productive capacities and shifted resources toward other uses, thus feeding a perverse relation between the productive and the non-productive assets of the economy. In this context the way out of the crisis is re-establishing the right distributive conditions, which cannot be obtained by a policy aimed at relieving the weight of private or public debts but calls for a redistribution through taxes on the incomes of non-productive sectors, a fine tuning that should prevent excessive taxations transforming positive into negative effects.     

科技体制深改背景下高新科技领域立法滞后与创新思路探讨

当前,我国正开展新一轮深化科技体制改革,强调科技创新驱动经济社会发展。然而,我国高新科技领域立法缺乏对高新科技风险的理性认识,演化为控制过严与过度的立法滞后性,主要表现为缺少对高新科技的原则性规定、一些部门规章过于保守、未严格区分“科学”与“技术”等。因此,应当改弦易辙,深入认识并合理控制风险,创新立法思路,强调立法控制高新科技的风险,使高新科技合乎社会时宜,并区分“科学研究”与“技术开发”。     

中外资源与环境理论比较及其启示

自然资源和环境生态要素是制约一国经济发展的重要因素,在现代经济发展中的地位愈来愈重要。但在经济理论中和中外经济思想对其认识上却有一个漫长、曲折的变迁过程。有意识地从文献中提炼其有价值的思想和智慧,成为我们解决人类面临的共同资源和环境生态难题的思想源泉和财富。资源环境问题的公共性和世界性属性也决定了只有通过各国、组织、全世界人民的共同努力才能获得根本解决。     

图书资料为教学科研服务初探

高校图书馆的发展正面临着机遇和挑战,作为高校的教学辅助单位,高校图书馆如何定位,如何稳固而又有序地发展,是现在各高校急切需要解决的问题。根据哈尔滨师范大学图书馆的一些做法,与大家共同探讨高校图书馆的发展发向和出路问题。     

论金融制度与金融体制及经济制度的关系

目前,中国有部分学者在谈到金融制度时,将其与金融体制混为一谈,还有的学者甚至把金融制度与经济制度割裂开来进行分析,这些观点的存在,都是由于没有准确地界定和理解金融制度的含义。金融制度是指有关金融交易的规则、惯例和组织安排,它与金融体制既有联系又有区别,而与经济制度更是紧密相连。     

文化创意产业价值链整合及其发展路径探析

文化创意产业价值链是由文化创意产业的各个增值环节所构成的有机联系的整体,其结构表现为网状价值链和线性价值链两种形式。文化创意产业的发展有赖于其价值链的整合。基于文化内涵、创意内容、数字技术以及版权交易等方面的特征,文化创意产业形成了不同的发展路径。通过政府规划和政策引导,推动产业集聚式发展,对于实现我国文化大发展大繁荣具有重要意义。     

Judicial review and the power of the executive and legislative branches

The legal system can affect what policies a government can implement. In particular, when there is separation of powers, the strength of the judiciary to review and overturn actions of the executive and legislative branches can affect such things as how much redistribution these policy-making branches can do. Surprisingly, having judicial review helps the policy-making branches—the stronger is the judiciary, the more redistribution they are able to do. This occurs because the policy-making branches must make promises on and off the equilibrium path to individuals in order to make redistribution possible. However, in many circumstances, the government wants to renege on these promises, either to do more redistribution than promised or to not carry out severe threats against any individuals who lied. Judicial review can prevent reneging on these promises, thus making them credible.We develop this in the context of an optimal income tax model with a finite number of individuals where the government knows the exact distribution of types but not which individual is of which type. In this finite model, the government can detect misrevelation by even a single individual so that an individual׳s taxes can depend not just on one׳s own actions but also on others’ actions. Piketty (JET, 1993) showed that the government could implement any full-information Pareto optimal allocation if the government could commit to its announcements, even to infeasible allocations in circumstances after some individuals misreveal. We derive the sequential equilibrium allocations when individuals reveal their types by simple announcements when feasibility on and off the equilibrium path is imposed. Increasing the degree of judicial review expands the set of achievable allocations on the full-information utility possibility frontier. We also relate the different possible legal rules to different solution concepts in game theory.     

Geopolitics and the Screen: War,the Body and Violence

The paper investigates the promise of Carl Schmitt's concept of ‘nomos’ for developing new spatial imaginaries apposite to the study of ‘the border’ in contemporary political life, as per the aims of the ‘Lines in the Sand’ research agenda. Schmitt introduced the idea of a ‘nomos of the earth’ to refer to the fundamental relation between space and political order. There have been various historical expressions of the nomos, from the Respublica Christiana, to the jus publicum Europaeum, to a post–World War II (dis)order yet to be adequately theorised. We aim to explore the relatively overlooked spatial ontology of Schmitt's work and suggest ways in which it might prompt alternative ways of thinking about borders and bordering practices as representative of broader dynamics in the relation between space and political order.     

论财务风险的形成及防范

财务管理是现代企业管理的中心,而财务风险的防范与控制则是财务管理的重要内容。研究分析财务风险的内涵与影响因素,寻求控制、防范财务风险的方法和途径,对于防范与化解财务风险有着重要意义。     

The short and long-run interdependencies between the Eurozone and the USA

We estimate quarterly cointegrating vector autoregressive models for the Eurozone and the USA based on long-run restrictions derived from a dynamic open economy model. Three long-run relations between the Eurozone and the USA emerge: relative purchasing power parity, international interest parity and a stationary output gap between the two economies. Generalized impulse response functions show differences in the dynamic adjustment of the two economies. Due to the I(1)-characteristic of both output series and the stability conditions imposed by the long-run equilibrium relationships, shocks to the model produce level effects only, while growth rates converge to their long-run averages.

Uncertainty and employment dynamics in the euro area and the US

In this paper we investigate the local and foreign effects of uncertainty shocks on unemployment in two large economic regions, the United States (US) and the euro area (EA). We deploy a Bayesian Markov-switching structural vector autoregressive model identified via heteroscedasticity. Two alternative specifications are considered with the shocks of interest being labelled as “US (or EA) demand uncertainty” and “US (or EA) financial market uncertainty”. We reach similar conclusions using both specifications: (i) US shocks have an effect on both the local and foreign labour markets while euro area shocks are much less influential; (ii) the US labour market tends to react and absorb shocks more quickly than the labour market in the euro area does. As economic theory predicts, the reaction to uncertainty shocks points to possible market imperfections that are region specific.     

坚持理论自信,展示大学思政课的理论魅力

对特色理论的理论自信是在与其他理论相比较过程中培育的,是源于实践的反复检验得以确立的。思政课教师的理论自信包含对马克思主义的理论自信和对自己业务能力、理论功底的自信。思政课教师应做到信仰坚定、理论功底扎实。坚持理论自信,就是要在课堂上敢于坚持中国特色社会主义理论,旗帜鲜明地坚守和捍卫马克思主义,从而增强学生对坚持走中国特色社会主义道路的信心,达到正能量的释放、传递和扩大,展示思政课的理论魅力。     

邓小平的共同富裕思想与现阶段我国的收入差距

共同富裕是社会主义的本质特征 ,是社会主义的长远目标 ,是全体人民物质文化生活的富裕 ;共同富裕必须以生产力的高度发展为基础 ;共同富裕不是同时、同步、同等富裕。实现共同富裕的手段是让一部分地区、一部分人先富起来。现阶段我国社会的收入差距是在我国国民经济持续快速发展的基础上 ,在人民总体收入水平普遍提高的过程中产生的收入差距 ,是在共同富裕的目标下先富后富的差别 ,它不包含两极分化的内容。     

加强和改进新形势下高校反腐倡廉建设的调查与思考

近年来部分高校职务犯罪案件时有发生,严重玷污了党风校风,损坏了高校良好的社会声誉和公众形象,加强和改进新形势下高校反腐倡廉建设研究十分重要。文章根据安徽省属四十余所高校反腐倡廉建设现状全面调查的情况,剖析了我省高校反腐倡廉建设存在的薄弱环节及其原因,并结合实际情况,提出了科学的解决方法和途径,对构建有效的惩治和预防腐败体系,提高我省高校反腐倡廉建设科学化水平,具有重要的现实指导意义。     

Being and Time: On the Nature and the Evolution of Institutions

The process that drove the early evolution of hominid culture was an arms race that led to selection for 'big brains,' higher consciousness, and language. Culture was a constraining force on this arms race. 'Big brains,' higher consciousness and language paved the way for the evolution of theory of mind and lower rates of time preference, two keys to the development of complex culture. Culture is a shared mental construct, a form of shared social intentionality with a deeply abstract and symbolic nature. Our symbolic ability enabled the development of this public good, which included such mental constructs as promises, obligations, contracts, marriages, property, money, agency, and government. Cultural institutions change the way we think because they both reduce the cost of cognition and become a substitute for cognition by forming a framework for social habits and routines and that allows for specialization in cognition over space and time; in a fundamental and often unrecognized way, they reduce transactions costs. Perception—including social perception—is an ill-posed problem. Culture provides background assumptions and constraints which allow us to solve this problem and thereby reduce transactions costs.     

旅游与环境的矛盾和谐分析

假日经济的一个主要标志就是节日旅游.5·1和10·1长假的节日旅游在今年我国的经济和生活中都掀起了波澜,可以预见,旅游作为朝阳产业今后几年还会保持强劲的发展势头.不过,值得注意的是,在今年的旅游大开发中,旅游与其重要资本--自然环境的关系很少被决策者及消费者关注,这种忽略很可能产生而且事实上在某些地区已经产生了这个问题