构建财务会计概念框架的新思路——以财务报表和其他财务报告之间的关系为线索展开

一、财务会计概念框架的现状及存在的主要问题财务会计概念框架是指导、评价、解释会计准则的理论体系,它由首尾一贯、逻辑一致的基本概念构成。在经济全球化的背景下,IASC提出了制定强制性、全球性会计准则和会计准则国际趋同的目标,我国政府也正在依大势而行,积极响应。经济全     

建立我国财务会计概念框架的路径选择

在基本准则转换为财务会计概念框架的进程中,需对我国会计准则规范体系进行重新的梳理,应遵循的正确路径是将现行的会计准则体系分立为确认与计量准则和披露准则,并由不同职能部门分别进行制定.完整的会计准则规范体系应包括财务会计概念框架、确认与计量会计准则、财务会计信息披露准则.     

我国参与会计准则国际协调的前景分析

我国参与会计准则国际协调应遵循国际化与国家化相结合的原则和渐进式原则,同时,应尽快构建我国的财务会计概念框架,为会计准则国际化提供理论支持,并改进我国会计准则的制定模式,确立适当的会计准则制定基础.     

财务会计概念框架研究:比较与思考

财务会计概念框架(CF)是会计界理论研究的产物,是制定会计准则的需要,也是社会环境综合作用的结果。FASB及IASB都非常重视财务会计概念框架的研究,正在联合研究国际通用的概念框架。本文对FASB和IASB概念框架的主要内容作了比较研究,在此基础上提出构建我国财务会计概念框架的若干思考,以期对我国会计理论研究和会计准则建设与完善提供一定参考。     

关于基本会计准则与财务会计概念框架的思考

我国的会计准则体系分为两个层次:基本会计准则和具体会计准则。基本准则是制订会计核算制度的依据,也是制定具体准则的依据。具体准则是根据基本准则制订的有关企业会计核算的具体要求,到目前为止已发布了近十几个具体准则。西方的财务会计概念框架实质上是指会计准则的理论结构,即制订会计准则的理论依据。它主要研究的是与会计和财务报告准则相关的会计理论问题,可以说,财务会计概念框架是会计理论体系的一个主要组成部分。目前,我国业内人士认为基本准则即相当于西方的"财务会计概念框架",那么,能否将基本准则当作是我国的财务会计概念框架呢?     

我国新会计准则与国际会计准则的比较研究

本文对比分析了我国的会计准则与国际会计准则在准则体系、财务会计概念框架、准则制定、准则导向等相关规定,并选取资产减值、关联方披露以及政府补助等具体准则进行了分析,研究表明,我国的会计准则在充分考虑了我国的特殊政治、经济、文化等因素的同时实现了与国际会计准则的实质性趋同,我国应该加强会计理论研究,尽快制定专门的财务会计概念框架,保持会计准则的连贯性、逻辑统一性和层次性,提高会计准则的质量。     

我国新会计准则与国际会计准则的比较研究

本文对比分析了我国的会计准则与国际会计准则在准则体系、财务会计概念框架、准则制定、准则导向等相关规定,并选取资产减值、关联方披露以及政府补助等具体准则进行了分析,研究表明,我国的会计准则在充分考虑了我国的特殊政治、经济、文化等因素的同时实现了与国际会计准则的实质性趋同,我国应该加强会计理论研究,尽快制定专门的财务会计概念框架,保持会计准则的连贯性、逻辑统一性和层次性,提高会计准则的质量。     

我国财务会计概念框架的构建分析

概念框架对会计准则的制定有着重要的指导性作用。笔者通过对财务会计概念框架建立的必要性和原则进行了分析,就如何构建我国的财务会计概念框架作了探讨。认为在会计国际化的今天,尽快建立我国的财务会计概念框架已是大势所趋。     

“企业会计准则—基本准则”与我国当前财务会计概念框架

财务会计概念框架是由相互关联的目标和基本概念所组成的逻辑一致的体系,其内容包括财务报告目标、会计信息的质量特征、财务报表要素、财务报表的确认与计量等,其目的在于指导会计准则的制定与应用。利用财务会计概念框架作为沟通财务会计理论和财务会计准则的桥梁,已经成为西方主要国家在制定会计准则中普遍采用的做法。我国财政部于2006年2月15日发布的企业会计准则体系,标志着我国企业会计准则体系制定任务的初步完成。结合对西方国家有关财务会计概念框架体系的内容及我国新颁企业会计准则的研究,笔者认为,我国新颁布的"企业会计准则—基本准则",作为我国未来财务会计概念框架的过渡形式,充当现阶段我国的财务会计概念框架,是符合我国当前国情的。     

构建我国特色会计准则体系的思考

近年来,我国会计准则的制定机构和程序已日渐完善,并已制定出一批具有较高质量的会计准则,但与发达国家相比,我国会计准则制定步伐比较缓慢,其主要原因在于我国的财务会计概念框架至今仍未全面制定,这就严重影响我国会计准则的质量。本文通过对我国会计准则体系建设的历史回顾、在建设过程中存在的问题、国际会计准则体系的发展趋势进行分析,提出了构建我国特色会计准则体系的建议,希望与各位读者共同探讨。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.