Training,Job Upgrading,Job Creation and Job Destruction

We extend the Mortensen and Pissarides (1999a, b) model to feature an endogenous upgrading or training rate, to gain a novel, general equilibrium, approach to training and labour market policy to gain a distinct model from the traditional partial equilibrium approach (e.g. Acemoglu and Pischke 1998). Among other results, we show training subsidies decrease equilibrium unemployment incidence, duration and level and less generous unemployment benefits increase the occurance of training. We also show the high elasticity of job destruction to aggregate conditions causes the frequency of training to be procyclical. A calibrated version of our model rationalizes cross-country differences in labour and training equilibrium outcomes.      

在深化改革中促进就业与劳动力市场一体化

全球金融危机使得中国劳动力市场的体制问题更加凸显出来。在应对这次危机过程中,我们需要坚持就业优先的原则,把短期政策与深化改革有效地衔接起来,通过多管齐下来稳定和扩大就业,推动劳动力市场一体化发展,提高中国经济抵御外部风险和冲击的综合能力,实现保障就业、改善民生和社会稳定等多重目标,     

Job Satisfaction and Contingent Employment

This paper analyses job satisfaction as an aggregate of satisfaction with several job aspects, with special focus on the influence of contingent-employment contracts. Fixed-effect analysis is applied on a longitudinal sample of Dutch employees in four work arrangements: regular, fixed-term, on-call and temporary agency work. Our results indicate that temporary agency work is the only contingent employment relation that is on average associated with lower job satisfaction compared to regular workers. Decomposition of this gap indicates that the major part is due to the low satisfaction experienced by agency workers regarding the content of their jobs. A lack of job security is also responsible for part of the gap. For fixed-term and on-call workers the negative satisfaction effect originating from the lack of job security and lower wages is compensated by other job aspects and a variant relationship between total job satisfaction and its components. However, male and high educated on-call workers do experience lower job satisfaction.     

Alternative Work Arrangements and Job Satisfaction

The pressures of traditional jobs on working families, along with an aging population facing financial need, have contributed to heightened interest in the percentage of workers participating in alternative work arrangements. These include working as an independent contractor or self-employed, and those employed by others on-call, through temp agency, or as contractors. Examining job satisfaction across work arrangements by occupation and gender is one way to investigate a potential increase in the supply of such workers. Higher job satisfaction may indicate that more workers will select into these work arrangements and away from traditional jobs in the future. If this is particularly true for women, it has important implications for firms that would like to retain more women. Moreover, changes in how individuals earn a living may impact the social safety nets of such workers and their families given the nature of how such benefits are provided in the U.S. economy. This study utilizes recent waves of the General Social Survey to explore job satisfaction for workers in disaggregated alternative work arrangements, while controlling for both occupation and gender. The study finds that female workers who are independent contractors and self-employed are more satisfied with their jobs than those in regular salaried jobs, even those in nonprofessional occupations. Job satisfaction for those who work in temp agencies, do on-call work or work for contractors is no different than for those in regular jobs, regardless of occupation and gender.

     

高增长低就业问题研究综述

本文从我国是否存在就业悖论、建成就业悖论的原因、如何化解就业悖论三个层面,对近几年来国内学术界探究我国就业悖论问题的文献进行了简要梳理.     

青岛商圈72变

航海是件很辛苦的事.在高君的酒吧里,他淡淡的一句话开始了我们的谈话.记得高君在参加完上个赛季的比赛曾经说过,航海经历改变了他的人生.     

现代版之“忠孝难全”

＂养儿防老、积谷防饥＂,传统中老人的赡养一直以来都是依靠子孙后代。但随着社会的发展以及家庭结构的变化,多数为独生子女的80后一代似乎越来越难承担这一责任。     

市场动力衰弱与就业困境探源

由于市场灰色收入巨大,企业税负较重,中小企业、个体户经营困难,导致市场化改革动力有所衰减。日益抬高的工商税收和金融服务门槛将一大批劳动群体拒之在正规就业范围之外。就业难和创业难等民生问题仍然困扰着社会。应将税收重点转向消费领域,让小企业低税或无税经营。     

品牌崇拜

最近忙于一个全新的领域。因为着急往前赶,所以总是行色匆匆,朝九晚也九,虽然依然敏感,但无暇他顾,有些忽略了身边的城市。就是在我一向看重的饮食这方面,也基本是每天中午一个盒饭解决,不再关注城市的衣食住行。说实话,那盒饭难吃得要命,有时候甚至让我对人生都绝望起来。     

Crime, Job Searches, and Economic Growth

This paper constructs a theoretical model with which to analyze the puzzling links between unemployment and crime rates, described in the literature. Most theoretical papers on crime, such as Becker Journal of Political Economy 76, 169–217, (1968), Ehrlich Journal of Political Economy 81, 521–565, (1973), and İmrohoroğlu et al. International Economic Review 41, 1–25, (2000), emphasize the analysis of the equilibrium crime rate, dealing with the unemployment rate as an exogenous parameter, but little attention has been devoted to investigating the influence of the criminal market on the equilibrium unemployment rate in the labor market and how these markets interact. This paper illustrates how the causes of crime play a crucial role in the unemployment-crime relationship, wherein different causality result in different associative relationships between unemployment and crime. The aforementioned conclusion illustrates the theory explaining why the empirical findings related to the unemployment-crime relationship are mixed and equivocal. Second, this paper describes the diverse origins of crime, in which employed workers and unemployed workers have different incentives for entering a life of crime. Employed and unemployed workers assume different opportunity costs by engaging in criminal activities, resulting in different effects on the economy. This explains why crime rates relative to unemployment rates in different countries could be either procyclical or countercyclical.     

Job Opportunity, Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention

This paper explores the turnover intention and its determinants in terms of job opportunity and organizational commitments etc.. Using a sample of 196 respondents from self-report questionnaires which were randomly selected among workers in one firm, the hypotheses were tested. Job opportunity has significant positive influence on turnover intention. Affective commitment has significant negative influence on turnover intention, but continuous commitment does not.     

Strategic and Political Challenges to Large-Scale Federal Job Creation

This article identifies and explores means of meeting political and strategic challenges to the enactment of a federal job creation program sufficiently large and well-targeted to cope with mass unemployment. The challenges include: anti-government ideology; perceived failure of the Obama stimulus; exaggerated concern over federal deficits; shortcomings of the New Deal model for job creation; limited scope and/or sponsorship of legislative initiatives; and organizing a movement on behalf of the unemployed and large-scale job creation.     

多重劳动关系及其业余兼职的演进与意义

在市场经济条件下,兼职等经济行为衍生出多重劳动关系现象是一种客观事实,无可回避,国家通过规范文件予以认可和疏导,各地也先后出台了有关政策意见,来进行具体的贯彻和协调。多重劳动关系具有其现实的合理性,对我国社会各方面的发展都有一定的影响。     

Not-for-Profit Provision of Job Training and Mediation Services: An Empirical Analysis Using Contract Data of Job Training Service Providers

Summary  This paper analyses the relative performance and selection behaviour of not-for-profit (NFP) and for-profit (FP) job training service providers, using contract data of welfare-to-work trajectories of the Dutch social benefit administration. Our analysis takes full account of selection effects, both ex ante (i.e. during the contracting process) as well as ex post (i.e. at the start of the program). First, for each cohort type of unemployed clients, service providers are only informed on the broad characteristics of cohorts that are contracted, thus limiting the room for adverse selection here. At the start of trajectories, however, selection may occur (directly) by service providers sending back clients or (indirectly) by encouraging clients to start a program, so as to receive additional (fixed) payments at the start of the program. We find strong evidence for FP service providers to be more selective than NFPs in both ways. Regarding the estimation results for the job placement rates, however, we only find weak evidence for NFP job training service providers to outperform FPs in the durability of job contracts.      

经济复苏中的消费扩大与就业促进

国际金融危机爆发后欧美一些国家的负债消费模式正在发生重大改变,我国实现经济全面复苏将更有赖于扩大内需并着眼于消费的全面启动与持续扩大。就业、收入、消费存在着内在的联系,促进就业进而提高劳动者收入应成为未来宏观经济政策的优先选择。应在城乡统筹发展和区域协调发展、支持中小企业发展和个人创业、加大人力资本投资与城乡社会保障体系建设等方面做出努力。