An Evolutionary Theory of Collective Action: Schumpeterian Entrepreneurship for the Common Good

This paper presents the foundations of a dynamictheory of collective action. Firstly, the role of public entrepreneursin processes of institutional development is characterized. Secondly,the protagonists of social change are analyzed in regard to theirmotivation, strategic options, levels of action, and specificcapabilities. A new perspective on successful collective actionis opened up.     

From Mass Flourishing to Vested Interests: A Conceptual Model for the Evolution of Organizational Institutions

Human flourishing requires the ability to operate from intrinsic motivation. The extent to which that can happen depends largely on how one’s surrounding institutions support a sense of autonomy, connectedness, and competence. I argue that the systematical prevalence of such conditions within an institution requires experiencing (i) exploration of the new in the emergence of the institution, and/or (ii) positive impact of its work on beneficiaries. The former is associated with the early phases of organizational evolution. The latter could be the source of flourishing in more established institutions, but hierarchies of power typically block it. Those with power are distanced from experiencing the impact of the institution on beneficiaries, structurally leading to priming through extrinsic motivations and vested interests. This leads to the need to further control those on the frontline who could experience the impact, which inhibits flourishing on their part as well.     

A Theory of Menu Federalism: Decentralization by Political Agreement

This paper analyzes agreements between governments that determine the division of policy-making power between central and regional governments. Our analysis demonstrates that initial circumstances and political risks affect the degree of centralization that will be adopted, and that asymmetric forms of federalism are often consequences of ongoing negotiations between regional and central governments over the assignment of policy-making authority. We analyze three settings where gains from constitutional exchange may exist: (i) the under-centralized state, (ii) the over-centralized state, and (iii) the constitutional convention. In each case, an asymmetric form of federalism is the predicted outcome, although the degree of asymmetry differs according to starting point. Modern and historical examples are used to illustrate the relevance of our analysis.     

投资主体结构改变对股市的影响——兼论多空均衡与股市泡沫的预防

文章将香港地区股市按投资主体结构变化划分为三个阶段,发现投资主体结构的改变影响了股市的形态.在市场的波动方面,引入对冲基金的第三阶段虽然最短,但其波动却对全时段形态起着决定作用,而以个人投资者为主的第一阶段的形态却与全时段差距最大.另外,因为多空势力不均衡,以传统基金主导的市场更易形成泡沫;而在股市中引入对冲基金与衍生产品后,股市的走势发生变化并减少了对经济与社会带来的负面影响.     

A New View on the Economic Theory of the State: A Case Study of France

Given the contribution of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship to technological progress and well-being, the accuracy of investment decisions by venture capitalists is a societal issue. Venture capitalists find the human capital of entrepreneurs difficult to assess. This paper employs instrumental value theory to assess the impact of different human capital factors on the performance of new ventures. A meta-analysis of 29 previous empirical studies that examined the effect of founder's human capital on new venture performance suggested that instrumental value theory holds promise as a guide for research on entrepreneurs' human capital and new venture performance. It could also help venture capitalists to make better investment decisions, benefiting society in general.     

Materials-product chains: Theory and an application to zinc and PVC gutters

A framework is presented for the analysis of economic and environmental impacts of policies applied to materials-product (MP) chains. This is based on materials flows, product flows, costs, prices and optimal management of an MP chain. The main differences compared with other studies focusing on materials flows is that here the link between products or services and materials is explicitly dealt with. The framework is developed on the basis of materials balance conditions, production functions allowing for substitution, and recycling of both materials and products. After presenting theoretical MP chain-models and analytical results, an application to the problem of choosing between zinc and PVC gutters is discussed. Here optimal MP chain management decisions are presented for various policy and strategy scenarios.     

A Positive Theory of Income Redistribution

This article examines how redistribution of human capital expenditure can come about voluntarily. A model is developed in which, in the absence of redistribution, human capital expenditure is financed through tax revenue collected locally. However, circumstances are shown under which transfers of human capital expenditure across neighborhoods can take place voluntarily, even in the absence of interfamily altruism. These transfers can eliminate absolute inequality and reduce relative inequality. In addition, the effect on aggregate income of such human capital funding transfers across neighborhoods is evaluated. Empirical evidence supporting the model's implications for the impact of redistribution of human capital expenditure on the persistence of income inequality is presented     

A NOTE ON INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY AND INTRAHOUSEHOLD BALANCE OF POWER

This paper studies how family's decisions about investments in children are an important determinant of adults' earnings, and thus of persistence in income differentials. We propose a model of investment in children that allows parents to have different preferences using a collective household framework, and investigate how the intrahousehold distribution of power affects children outcomes and the transmission of economic status across generations. The results suggest that failure to account for intrahousehold balance of power as source of household heterogeneity might affect the interpretation of the structural parameters of interest and the evaluation of earnings persistence.     

农村集体建设用地流转的理论、实践和制度完善

我国城镇化进程和城乡一体化提出对农村土地制度变迁的要求,集体土地的隐性流转在20世纪90年代就已经存在. 法律规定农村土地只能通过征收为国有的方式上市流通,理论界褒贬不一,但赞成农村集体建设用地直接流转者居多. 以城镇化、城乡一体化为背景,结合典型理论和实践中的试点模式,提出制度完善的建议.     

人本资本结构理论解析

本文对理论界讨论资本结构是否存在进行了证明,阐述了最优资本结构不仅是帕累托最优状态的解,而且是公司治理结构的体现。在论证的过程中,本文揭示了资本结构的人本思想。     

A Bioeconomic Analysis of the Northern Baltic Salmon Fishery: Coexistence versus Exclusion of Competing Sequential Fisheries

We develop a bioeconomic model of the northern Balticsalmon fishery that takes into account thesimultaneous harvest of wild and reared salmon. Weassess the optimal harvest allocation between thecommercial offshore, inshore, and estuary fisheries,and the recreational river fishery that sequentiallyharvest the salmon stock. We restrict the solution tospawning stocks sufficient to preserve the wildsalmon. Empirical results suggest closure of theoffshore and inshore fisheries. Optimal managementenhances the wild stock, and results in substantialeconomic gains to the fishery. Current fisheryregulation improves the performance of the fisheryover open access, but fails to utilize the fullproductive potential of the resource.     

人力资本理论对企业的指导意义

现代企业中引入人力资本概念有着重大的意义。而人力资本概念引入企业最关键则表现在人力资本产权的确立上 ,而且人力资本理论对企业的指导意义也重点体现在人力资本产权上 ,本文将主要就这一问题进行分析     

试论马克思主义人的全面发展理论的历史轨迹

人的全面发展理论是马克思主义哲学理论中的重要内容。马克思恩格斯站在实践的基础上,扬弃文艺复兴、启蒙运动和空想社会主义者等有关人的全面发展思想,创立了科学的人的全面发展理论。马克思主义人的全面发展理论与唯物史观和人的本质问题互相影响、互相促进。就其过程而言,它经历了唯物史观形成之前的孕育、伴随唯物史观确立的定型、唯物史观确立之后的发展和在唯物史观指导下的成熟四个阶段。     

Using Genetic Algorithms to Estimate and Validate Bioeconomic Models: The Case of the Ibero-atlantic Sardine Fishery

Synopsis The Neo-classical approach to fisheries management is based on designing and applying bioeconomic models. Traditionally, the basic bioeconomic models have used pre-established non-linear functional forms (logistic, Cobb–Douglas) in order to try to reflect the dynamics of the renewable resources under study. This assumption might cause misspecification problems and, in consequence, a loss of predictive ability. In this work we intend to verify if there is a bias motivated by employing the said non-linear parametric perspective. For this purpose, we employ a novel non-linear and non-parametric prediction method, called Genetic Algorithms, and we compare its results with those obtained from the traditional methods.     

汇率非线性因素在部分亚洲货币汇率中的特征——检验购买力平价论的新方法

当真实汇率运动实际上是非线性过程,而假设它为线性时,那么检验购买力评价理论的标准单位根检验通常是低效力的。文章运用带有单位根的门限自回归模型模拟了包括中国在内的6个亚洲主要新兴市场国家货币兑美元的真实汇率,发现它们都具有较强的非线性,说明了传统的线性方法不再具备模拟真实汇率的能力,且除人民币以外的其他5种货币的真实汇率都表现出了平稳非线性特征,在异动时期具有均值回归的趋势。周期性的金融危机是导致中国以外的其他5个国家货币的真实汇率出现异动的主要因素。人民币真实汇率的非线性行为则表现出了与其他国家不同的特点,导致它出现异动的主要因素为人民币对内和对外价格的相互背离,人民币真实汇率没有表现出向均值调整的趋势,甚至在异动时期呈现了向均值偏离的趋势。     

农地制度:所有权问题还是委托-代理问题?

村委会作为农村基层唯一合乎法定体制的正规制度安排,承担着政府代理人、集体产权代理人、社区管理者相互矛盾冲突的三项职能。这一制度设计缺陷,引发了对土地集体所有、家庭经营制度的深入探讨。本文通过对土地职能、村委会角色与职能冲突及集体所有制问题的讨论,提出了土地集体所有家庭经营制度的治理结构问题,认为集体所有是均分土地的基本前提,而土地均分又是保障“人人有饭吃”的制度基础。在社会保障制度不完善的条件下,土地集体所有是既有的现实选择,这就使集体所有治理结构中存在的委托—代理关系,随着农户经济结构的转型正成为农村改革与发展面临的新问题。     

Olson's Logic of Collective Action: A Review Article

This comment is offered as a defense of humanistic economics whose feminist credentials have been questioned by Julie Nelson. To her, our contribution is little less than orthodox economics, an ideology enshrining masculine values. We find her arguments based on a clear misreading or misinterpretation of our work. Especially needing correction is her charge that our key notion of a dual self is contaminated by traditional hierarchy and masculinized reason, and the idea of a ‘mushroom man’ operating in a social vacuum. Once her arguments, which we find contrived, are deconstructed it can be readily seen that there remains little difference between her own and our economics.     

试析中国公司法人治理结构的构建基础

公司是现代企业制度中重要的组织形式。公司法人治理结构是公司制的核心。从法学角度分析,公司法人治理结构是有关公司组织机构之间权力分配与制衡的制度体系。中国公司法确立了分权与制衡的公司法人治理结构模式,即由股东大会、董事会和监事会三个机关分别行使决策权、执行权和监督权。该模式的确立,是由股权与法人财产权相分离的产权结构决定的,以公司治理的效率和公平为价值取向,借鉴了“三权分立”原则和西方国家公司治理的实践经验。     

中心镇推进城乡一体化的时空演进模式研究:理论与实证

重点发展大城市和农村剩余劳动力向城市转移的传统城市化道路越来越受到内外发展环境的制约而困难重重,改革与发展中心镇日益成为破除城乡二元结构和推进城乡一体化的重要路径.在充分阐述中心镇作为城乡一体化战略节点的内涵及其战略意义的基础上,文章理论和实证地研究了中心镇推进城乡一体化的阶段性特征和空间模式化特征.研究发现,中心镇推进城乡一体化主要经历了初始阶段、成长阶段及成熟阶段三个发展时期,在不同的发展阶段,中心镇自身的产业结构、基础设施发展水平以及政府政策重点与导向等各不相同,中心镇推进城乡一体化发展具有十分明显的阶段性特征.同时,从生产力空间布局形态来看,推进城乡一体化的中心镇空间模式主要包括了产业平台集散驱动型和城镇功能优化带动型两种.最后,提出了分阶段分层次的中心镇改革发展政策建议.     

基于生产性服务业视角的服务外包理论及实践演进

随着服务外包的蓬勃发展,其理论研究已滞后于实践发展的需要。本文试图突破服务外包以第三产业(服务业)为研究对象的局限性,沿着生产性服务业这条主线,将服务外包的研究领域拓展到第一、二产业内部,通过大力发展业务流程和知识流程外包,促进服务外包产业结构优化与升级,阐述服务外包的演进逻辑,提出服务外包演进的理论框架,并运用第二产业中的生产性服务业外包实践来佐证所提出的理论。