旅游专业本科生择业标准及其对旅行社的就业认知

旅游专业学生在本行业就业率低的问题一直困扰着旅游学术界、教育界和旅游行业,不少学者从不同角度研究并试图解决这一问题,但却很少从学生择业标准的角度去考虑.文章运用并检验里查得森(Richardson)择业影响因素量表,测量旅游专业本科生的择业标准及其对旅行社的就业认知,结果表明:学生认为旅行社不具备其择业时最看重的因素(“融洽的同事关系”、“喜欢的工作”、“良好的晋升机会”);并且学生认为旅行社具备的主要就业因素是其择业时最不看重的(“出国旅行的机会”、“专业对口”、“职业流动性”);学生认为旅行社存在超工作时间、超工作量、晋升机制不合理、起薪不理想等行业不规范现状,但学生也认为旅行社具有锻造高技能、有责任感人才的就业优势.根据学生择业标准与旅行社的就业认知IPA分析结果,文章提出了相应的对策来改善旅游本科生行业就业率低的问题.     

Motivations of educational tourists in non-English-speaking countries: the role of languages

ABSTRACT

Learning a language or improving one’s foreign language skills may be a key motivator for students to decide to participate in an exchange program as well as choose the destination for their studies. Nevertheless, studies on educational tourism are limited, and there is no research on the motivations of students visiting non-English-speaking countries. To fill this gap, this paper aims to examine the motivations of university students in non-English-speaking destinations by using the push-and-pull framework. Primary data were collected through an online survey from 190 and 205 students who participated in mobility programs in a Spanish university and in a German university respectively. Empirical findings reveal that languages are a key motivating factor for either growing personally through cultural enrichment, or growing professionally. Furthermore, these data allow generic recommendations so that the destinations can attract a larger number of international students.     

Forms of Adjustment

ABSTRACT

In the increasingly competitive field of tertiary education in New Zealand, characterised by strong levels of institutional competition for a numerically limited pool of students, there has been an almost belated recognition of the importance of student retention strategies. In this context, the literature indicates that transition to the tertiary institute lifestyle can often result in a period of major personal re-adjustment for first year students, which sometimes manifests itself in early academic results that are below expectations-these twin factors can contribute to early perceptions of alienation and, in some instances, can result in unac-ceptably high dropout rates. This paper describes an intervention that attempted to increase rates of retention in a tourism study programme, through a process designed to facilitate easier assimilation into the tertiary education culture, and to consequently improve the academic results obtained in early course assessment. The nature of this approach, intended to alleviate adjustment problems and provide students with appropriate coping mechanisms, is described in outline, and the results of subsequent student evaluations discussed. The paper concludes by assessing the benefits of this intervention, and by highlighting the implications for future student intakes.     

Authenticating the learning environment

The research documented in this paper argues that the authentic learning environment is achievable through “academic practitioners” who can ground business education and research within practice. A culture fostering the academic understanding of the practitioner environment enables practical engagement with academic rigour. The case study illustrates specific examples from degree programmes engaging with student and academic voices, with a particular focus on the development of authentic learning experiences for tourism and hospitality students. Key aspects of business education need embedding within the development of tourism and hospitality curricula in order to engage with the tacit knowledge required by the sector through a holistic approach to curriculum development.     

基于知识共同体的线索追踪法——以温泉旅游研究为例

温泉旅游乃旅游科学的一个分支,目前处于潜学科阶段。对于潜学科而言,因知识分布较为零散,学术力量处于潜在状态,适合以知识共同体替代学术共同体,用线索追踪法这一创新方法来推进研究,以实现对相关知识的挖掘与综合,形成研究力量,发现新知识,最终走进学术化研究阶段。在知识共同体语境下,为推进温泉旅游研究进程,可以地理学的文化转向、社会学的弱势群体、计算科学的数据挖掘等为理论支持。旅游研究需要加强知识变革意识,关注旅游系统中主体的能动性,需要扶持弱势的潜学科,同时,潜学科也要通过自强以夯实自身建设,挖掘潜在的知识能量。关于温泉旅游知识共同体研究,应用线索追踪法涉及线索起点、学术队伍、研究生群体、温泉专业、温泉企业、协会组织、国际联系、知识载体等方面,可依据有关信息建构属于自己的线索型知识关联,以共同建设温泉旅游知识共同体研究范畴。     

Transitions to Sustainable Tourism Mobility: The Social Practices Approach

In this article, we argue that current research on sustainable tourism mobility can be divided roughly into two streams. One covers primarily the organisational and technological side of tourism mobility, while the other concentrates on travellers' attitudes. To date, these streams have been organised as separate bodies of research. There is much to be gained by being able to create linkages between the two. To do this, tourism research will have to develop a less generalised and more context-specific approach to travelling behaviour. In this paper, the Social Practices Approach is suggested as an interesting conceptual tool to interrelate current approaches. By giving greater consideration to the contextual dimension of tourism practices, citizen-consumers might be mobilised more effectively as change agents. To analyse the potential roles of citizen-consumers in transition processes towards sustainable tourism mobility, two citizen-consumer-led change processes are differentiated. The first is directed at tourists in their consumer-role, by providers developing sociotechnical innovations enabling and tempting tourists to behave more sustainably, and by incorporating consumer-logics in supply. Second, tourists can be mobilised in their role as citizen-consumers through processes of sub-politics, social movements and political consumerism.     

A tourism demand function for the Okanagan,BC

This study examines the relative importance of the existing determinants of tourism demand in the Okanagan. Because national coefficients cannot be used intercnageable with regional coefficients, it is hypothesized that the values of the Okanagan demand elasticities are likely to be lower than that of the Province and the nation. Five major markets for Okanagan tourism with identified and separate regressions run to determine the relative importance of the determinants of demand for Okanagan tourism with respect to these markets. Empirical results indicate that national coefficient will tend to overestimate the regional coefficient values. Contrary to the results of other studies for the nation as a whole, the exchange rate and travel cost did not seem to be significant determinants of Okanagan tourism receipts.     

中国旅游研究的国际影响力分析——基于对2001～2012年国内外旅游类核心期刊论文的统计

文章通过对2001～2012年间中国两岸四地作者旅游类国际期刊论文的检索和统计,分析发现：（1）中国作者发表的论文总量呈增长趋势,且大陆的增幅尤为明显;（2）中国大陆作者独立发表的论文数量、大陆学术机构的贡献度及论文被引频次较低;（3）通过对不同时期两岸四地论文的关键词分析提取出的研究热点和研究方向发现,中国作者的旅游研究总体从宏观转向微观,由预测、规划转向动机、满意度研究,其中,大陆和港澳台的研究各偏重于不同的方向。文章还从《旅游学刊》文章被国际期刊论文引用的角度进行分析,研究发现,大陆学者正在以学术交流和学生联合培养的方式合作发表论文并引用中文旅游学术期刊文章,从而使之产生一定国际影响力。通过对国内外核心期刊的分析,研究近10年中国旅游研究的国际影响力变化趋势及其影响因素,为旅游学术共同体尤其是大陆学者提升其学术成果的国际影响力提供方向参考。     

中国旅游研究的国际影响力研究--基于2001-2014年中国学者旅游类SSCI论文统计分析

通过对2001—2014年间中国作者旅游类国际期刊论文的检索和统计,分析发现：（1）近两年来,中国大陆作者发表的论文数量增幅尤为明显;（2）中国大陆作者独立发表的论文数量有所增加,但大陆学术机构的贡献度及论文被引频次仍较低;（3）中国学者在TM上发表的论文有较强的国际影响力;（4）国际论文的数量来看,中国港澳地区学者发表旅游类SSCI论文数量略多于中国台湾学者;（5）中国台湾和中国香港的高被引文章比例较高,在国际旅游学界有较大的影响。通过对不同时期论文的关键词分析提取出的研究热点和研究方向发现,中国作者的旅游研究总体从宏观转向微观,并且对旅游者行为的态度和感知研究更加深入,将对国际旅游学术界的相关领域产生一定的学术影响。     

Tourism Higher Education in Turkey

SUMMARY

This paper discusses and evaluates tourism higher education in Turkey. Turkish universities have been offering associate, bachelor, and postgraduate degree programs in tourism since the early 1990s. However, there have been major problems and challenges in this endeavor, including the lack of qualified academic staff, improperly designed curriculums, limited practical training opportunities for students, and difficulties in keeping qualified graduates in the industry. So far, it is hard to claim that Turkey has developed contemporary tourism higher education policies and plans. If Turkey is to gain more from tourism in the long term, it is essential for the country to improve the standards of tourism higher education. However, to achieve this, some radical cultural and structural reforms are needed, not only in tourism higher education, but also in the country's overall higher education system.     

人格特质对旅游管理专业实习生留职意愿影响研究——组织社会化的中介作用

文章以旅游管理专业大学本科实习生为例,实证分析实习生人格特质与其在本行业留职意愿之间的关系,并探讨组织社会化的中介作用.结果显示,外倾性、勤勉正直性人格特质对留职意愿具有显著的正向预测作用,情绪敏感性人格特质对留职意愿具有显著的负向预测作用;工作胜任社会化、组织文化社会化在外倾性人格特质和留职意愿的关系中起完全中介作用;工作胜任社会化、人际关系社会化在勤勉正直性人格特质对留职意愿的影响中起部分中介作用.据此,文章最后提出了相关建议.     

Towards a cohesive curriculum tourism: The case for a distinct discipline

This paper addresses a controversial topic in tourism scholarship which is simultaneously a problem and an opportunity in tourism education: the philosophical issue of academic disciplines and specifically, the question of a distinct discipline in tourism studies. It is argued that the orthodox approach to tourism education, multi-disciplinary studies, has become an impediment. It is suggested that a new discipline can be created by organizing the existing body of knowledge and that such a discipline can become the core of an inter-disciplinary approach. Certain characteristics of an embryonic discipline are outlined and innovations in this area at Sydney Technical College are discussed.     

Analysis of international tourist arrivals in China: The role of World Heritage Sites

This paper analyzes the determinants of international tourist arrivals in China, especially for World Heritage Sites and various kinds of travel spots. Utilizing annual provincial panel data over the 2000–2005 period, the empirical results suggest that key determinants include the relative income, population in the original country, cost of travel, and tourism infrastructure. In addition, World Heritage Sites are also found to be significant in explaining the numbers of international tourists and have a greater tourist-enhancing effect. Other famous tourist sites rated 4A- and 3A-class are also attractive to foreign tourism. Moreover, cultural rather than natural sites attract more interest among foreign tourists, because China is internationally renowned for its long-standing historical and cultural assets. Finally, the importance of the determinants of the demand for tourism varies from country to country.     

Application of graph theory to mining the similarity of travel trajectories

Travel mobility has attracted considerable attention from tourism scholars. Studies have extensively discussed discovering key (i.e., collective) movement patterns. Recently, the advancement of information technology has allowed tourism researchers to obtain detailed information regarding travel digital footprints. This study, which analyzes mobile sensor big data, proposes a data mining approach to measure the similarity of travel trajectories by performing a pair comparison of individual trajectory. This method considers the spatial and temporal dimensions of travel flow to help identify trajectory similarity across individual travelers. Considering graph theory, this research also applies graph-based spatiotemporal analytics to identify important insights from complex travel mobility networks. As a result, this study suggests an innovative approach to assess travel trajectory similarity, which can be regarded as a type of data-driven clustering method. This paper also demonstrates the applicability of network science in travel mobility.     

高速铁路与旅游业:成果评述与经验启示

我国高速铁路的迅速发展对区域旅游产业发展的影响逐步显现.旅游业如何应对高速铁路带来的交通变革亟须理论与经验的指引.文章对国内外高速铁路与旅游业关系的研究进行梳理,从高速铁路与旅游产业要素、旅游者动机与行为、旅游企业选址以及旅游空间格局等方面进行了归纳与综述.研究表明,国外研究具有内容系统化、理论多元化、方法多样化和研究规范化的特征.结合国内研究所取得的成果,文章从加强高速铁路与旅游者决策、旅游产品结构、旅游产业布局、业态创新、区域旅游空间结构演变及旅游发展模式创新等多个层面构建高速铁路与旅游业研究领域的内容体系,同时在规范学术研究和应用研究方法等方面对我国未来相关领域的研究提出了建议.     

How to evaluate the effects of climate change on tourism

The aim of this study is to assess the most relevant quantitative approaches to evaluating the effects of climate change on tourism. In recent years, numerous empirical studies have conducted evaluations of this kind, based on different methodologies and perspectives. This review shows that the effects of climate change can first be assessed through changes in physical conditions essential to tourism; secondly, by using climate indexes to measure the attractiveness of tourist destinations; and, thirdly, by modelling tourism demand with the inclusion of climate determinants. The review suggests that, although some methodologies are in the early stages of development, different approaches result in a similar map of those areas mainly affected by the problem.     

从国际化转向看中国旅游学术知识生产规律与特征——基于Web of Science核心数据库的统计分析

该研究构建学术知识生产-溢出价值链模型,基于双溢出渠道研究视角,分析2000—2019年中国旅游研究国际化转向中的学术知识生产规律。研究发现:(1)学术知识生产-溢出价值链中两类知识生产特征存在差异,学术期刊为主流渠道,选题重视理论,属于洪堡知识生产模式,研究主体重视合作,成果溢出效应较高;学术会议为大众渠道,选题偏向实践应用,符合后洪堡知识生产模式的特征,研究者倾向独立研究,成果数量丰富,但国际化水平有待提高,认可度较低。(2)两种类型知识生产演变规律相似,可分为3个阶段:早期(2000—2006年),数量较少,基础研究较多,但相关议题延续性强;中期(2007—2013年),数量逐渐增多,热点议题较为丰富,关联网络复杂,议题纵向延伸;近期(2014—2019年),数量增速放缓,质量层次提高,新兴议题增多,研究更具时代性、探索性。通过对比分析学术知识生产-溢出价值链中会议及期刊知识生产规律的异同,有利于国内旅游学者清晰认知国际旅游研究中的"中国特色",呼吁促进产学研"三重螺旋"合作,完善知识溢出及反馈渠道监管。研究建议中国学者扩大旅游学术知识生产视野,承担更多国际学术责任,提升知识生产质量和国际学术影响力,学术界积极推进会议评级标准及数据库建设,优化知识创新网络结构。     

Cross-institutional collaboration networks in tourism and hospitality research

This paper examines cross-institutional collaboration in tourism and hospitality research using a co-authorship network model based on papers published in six top-tier tourism and hospitality journals over the past 20 years. Data analysis reveals that multi-author, multi-university studies are the fastest-growing type of authorship structure in tourism and hospitality research. We use several network measures to evaluate the intensity of research collaboration among academic institutions in tourism and hospitality disciplines. Institutions with tourism and hospitality programs worldwide are ranked according to their centricity in cross-institutional research collaboration networks and categorized according to their characteristics in collaboration. The empirical analysis shows significant associations between research performance and a university's centricity position in cross-institutional research networks. Through advanced social network analysis, this study provides new insights into institutional collaboration in tourism and hospitality research over the past two decades.     

Intercultural sensitivity and tourism patterns among international students in Korea: using a latent profile analysis

The purpose of this study is to examine the intercultural sensitivity of international students in Korea based on Chen and Starosta’s [(2000). The development and validation of the intercultural communication sensitivity scale. Human Communication, 3, 1–15] intercultural sensitivity scale using a latent profile analysis and to discuss tourism patterns of each group segmented by intercultural sensitivity. According to the analysis, international students were classified by intercultural sensitivity with four groups: introverted observer, defensive bystander, favorable crowd, and veteran. Based on their characteristics and tourism patterns of each group, theoretical and practical implications were suggested. Considering the growing overseas education particularly in non-English-speaking countries and its significant influence on tourism, this study connected the multiple constructs in various fields such as intercultural contact, international student mobility, and tourism, providing a quintessential example of multidisciplinary research.     

How would the contextual features of a destination function together with individual factors to enhance tourists’ intention toward ST in Taiwan?

Abstract

Slow travel (ST), which emphasizes deeper experiences via slower transportation modes, has been promoted as an alternative to current practice and a more sustainable form of tourism. With lower GHG emissions being a national environmental goal in Taiwan, ST concepts have been garnering attention. The relationship between the environments of destinations and pro-environmental behavior of tourists has attracted relatively little academic attention. To remedy this, the current research establishes a fairly complete model for incorporating factors at the contextual level into the individual determinants useful in encouraging ST. The goal of this research is to understand how certain predictors directly and interactively influence the choices of tourists toward ST. This study collected 508 validly filled surveys addressing 13 industrial tourist destinations, and applied Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling (HLM) analyses. In addition to the individual-level factors, including perceived benefits of tourism experiences and ages of tourists, the design of onsite tourism programs at the contextual level was one of the most influential drivers to encourage visitors’ ST intentions. Included in this research are the insights into how to promote ST and corresponding suggestions for tourism operations within the context of sustainable tourism and destination management.