Public street lighting service standard assessment and achievement

Nighttime lighting is an important public service that impacts human activities and promotes transportation and pedestrian safety. Of course, such services are not free and have been found to have negative impacts on the environment. Responsible stewardship of the built environment requires that efficiency and care in the delivery of services be taken, particularly in the context of sustainability concerns. A significant problem with existing urban infrastructure systems like street lighting is that they have evolved over time using rule-of-thumb planning standards. Given this, systematic assessment and re-evaluation offers much potential for enhancing the spatial efficiency of infrastructure but also the opportunity to explicitly account for environmental impacts in combination with safety and security. This paper applies a methodology for studying lighting in urban areas based upon the use of spatial analytics, including GIS and spatial optimization. Findings and results are reported for a study area in San Diego, California, highlighting current system configuration issues, method development and the potential long term benefits of systematic analysis of public sector services.     

论空间信息在现代物流中的作用

在经历了10年左右的研究实践，我国的物流管理技术已经成为企业发展的重要组成部分和技术支撑。在另一方面，以GIS、GPS、RS为代表的空间信息技术和现代物流管理技术的飞速发展。物流技术和空间信息技术．这二者集成已成为现代物流管理发展的必然趋势，空间物流信息系统作为一个新的研究领域应运而生。本文力图阐述空间信息系统的特点及其在物流领域的应用，从而说明空间信息技术在现代物流中的重要地位和现代物流的发展趋势。     

公共政策决策的系统分析方法

本文首先简要阐述了公共政策范畴的涵义;然后,逐一介绍了9种公共政策决策分析中常用的模型;在此基础上,重点论述了公共政策决策的系统分析方法,并分别就决策过程的5个实施环节作了具体的说明。     

信息系统工程方法探析

信息系统工程方法按其来源的不同可分为四种类型。信息系统工程方法论是关于如何选用信息系统工程技术和方法的方法。     

中国政府针对高房价现象的公共政策研究

房地产业是关乎国计民生的重要产业,但是近年来,中国的房价持续上升,高房价给居民的生活带来了沉重的负担,同时也影响了我国的经济发展水平与城市化进程。因此,政府采取一定的政策措施抑制高房价现象成为一个重要的课题。本文从公共政策的角度入手,研究中国的高房价现象。文章介绍了公共政策及房地产价格的概念,分析了房价飙升的现状及原因,提出了政府抑制房地产价格不断上涨的政策措施。     

城市公共信息引导服务初探

在城市规模日趋扩大、城市结构日趋复杂的现实情况下,通过高水平的公共信息引导服务来引导人的行为以及资源的流动,是维护城市运转秩序、提高城市运行效率的有效途径.本文对公共信息引导服务的概念、标准、现存问题以及今后的努力方向等问题进行了探讨.     

Navigating Through the Spatial and Institutional Contradictions of Public Audit Oversight

Abstract

This study revisits the actions of the French audit regulator (H3C) and the French profession over the 2003–2013 period in response to the regulatory transformations that occurred both in the national and transnational space. Our analysis highlights how these actors have navigated through the spatial and institutional contradictions that characterize public audit oversight in order to manage variable and opposing interests from one space to another. In particular, we show how conflicting national and transnational conceptions of professionalism and commercialism have developed to support different regulatory agendas. Our analysis of the spatial dynamics of public audit oversight allows us to propose a much less confrontational representation of the relationships between public audit regulators and the audit profession. We maintain that more attention should be paid to the spatial variants of commercialism and professionalism to better understand the development of audit regulation.     

Measuring the Diffusion of Information and Communication Technology in Society and its Effects: Canadian Experience

Statistics Canada has measured the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for close to 15 years in industry and more recently in households and it has developed a body of knowledge on the effects of the use of these technologies. While ICTs have long been used in manufacturing processes, the use of computers and networks, and a growing number of ways of accessing networks, are changing the way business is done and lives are led. This paper provides examples of ICT use in private and public institutions, in households, and by individuals. It goes on to illustrate the consequent development of electronic commerce and of other uses of the Internet and concludes with some implications for the development of official statistics in light of policy requirements.     

我国地方政府物流公共信息平台建设及问题研究

物流公共信息平台是整合物流业系统功能、提升物流信息化管理水平进而推动物流业快速高效发展的重要途径。首先分析了地方政府建立物流公共信息平台的必要性,剖析了公共信息平台的网络构造及设计方案,并研究了其功能设计与实现途径。     

OECD Efforts to Address the Measurement and Policy Challenges Posed by the Information Society

The OECD has acted as a forum for the discussion of policies regarding the information society for over 20-years, producing guidelines and recommendations in areas such as privacy of personal information, computer security, cryptography, regulatory reform of communications, and most recently on-line consumer protection and the taxation of e-commerce. By and large, this work was undertaken without the benefit of statistical measures. But the economic performance of a number of OECD Member countries during the 1990s underscores that the policy challenges being posed by the information society are increasingly economic in nature—how ICT is affecting productivity, growth rates, inflation, labour markets etc.—necessitating the need for statistically rigorous data. This paper outlines how recent efforts by national statistical offices to improve this situation have allowed researchers to gain new insight into the economic impact associated with ICTs and applications like e-commerce, leading to a number of policy recommendations as to how best to exploit the economic potential of these technologies. The paper ends by outlining important policy issues that require new statistical efforts.     

我国城市中的街头商贩:政策思辨与规划管理

街头商贩是我国城市规划与管理中不容回避的客观现象。如何应对街头商贩已引起公众的广泛探讨,但城市领域内的学术研究却有不足。以国内外多学科的文献梳理为基础,首先分析街头商贩的概念并总结其特征,简要回顾我国街头商贩发展历史,归纳街头商贩对城市的正面和负面影响;进而提出对于街头商贩既不应"一扫而净",也不能"放任不管",而是要进行弹性化、精细化、人性化的科学规划与管理;并针对不同空间分布类型的街头商贩提出相应的管理思路与规划对策。     

空间资源紧缺下的城市密度演变与政策价值取向——以深圳市为例(2000年至2006年)

本文在2000年深圳市密度特征的基础上,分析了至2006年的全市密度总体演变趋势和结构(特区内外和用地类型)演变趋势.并进一步分析了在空间资源极度短缺的深圳市.城市密度政策受到多重价值取向的叠加影响,其表现出的实际结果往往更具政策参考价值.     

公共政策分析视角下的“大学生村官计划”

选聘高校毕业生到村任职,是国家着眼于加强"三农"工作而做出的一项战略决策。文章从公共政策分析视角出发探讨我国"大学生村官计划"这项公共政策产生的时代背景、执行现状评估、政策执行的阻力及存在的问题,并提出了完善该项政策的建议。     

Configurations of New Public Management reforms and the efficiency,effectiveness and equity of public healthcare systems: a fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis

ABSTRACT

Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis identifies configurations of New Public Management (NPM) reforms (privatization, consumerism, performance management, and corporatization) associated with perceptions of improvements in healthcare efficiency, effectiveness and equity in 14 European countries. Although these outcomes are pursued concurrently, no combination of the considered reforms appears to support success or failure across the board and the inter-relations between reforms shape their effects. Three NPM reform profiles are evident in Europe; (1) strong reformers, adopting a comprehensive package of reforms that are perceived to perform better than (2) partial reformers, with (3) limited reformers also doing better than partial reformers.     

Zip codes and spatial analysis: Problems and prospects

The use of zip codes for spatial, demographic, and socio-economic analysis is growing. As of August 2005, 193 articles were indexed by “zip code” in the Social Sciences Citation Index, while 386 were indexed in PubMed. All of these articles were published since 1989. While the treatment of zip codes as units of analysis varies widely in epidemiology, marketing, geography, and the socio-economic planning sciences, there are a number of common “errors” that could be avoided if analysts retained a better understanding of zip code characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to outline the problems and prospects of utilizing zip codes for spatial analysis. Issues associated with spatial contiguity, data aggregation, and boundary definitions are addressed. Results suggest that, although zip codes are not the most robust spatial units of analysis available, they retain a modest degree of utility for specialized applications. Recommendations for future research regarding zip codes and their use in socio-economic applications are offered.     

中小型企业管理信息系统开发中存在的问题及对策研究

随着信息时代的发展,建设适合自己的MIS是推进企业信息化的主要方式。本文阐述了目前我国中小型企业在MIS的引入阶段、开发阶段、应用阶段存在的共性问题,并针对不同阶段出现的不同问题,提出解决对策。中小型企业在引用、开发和应用MIS过程中能否有效地规避这些问题,对MIS的成败起着举足轻重的作用,也对企业能否真正实现内部管理的提升具有重要影响。     

公务员住房与城市公共住房政策的协调研究

在城市公共住房政策的大背景下研究和设计公务员住房政策对于后者发展的合理性和稳定性具有重要的意义。本文以公务员住房政策与城市公共住房政策的协调为研究对象,主要结论如下:城市公共住房政策面临的是租不起房和买不起房两种巨大的供需缺口并存,而公务员住房问题主要表现为购房的供需缺口。公务员住房政策应以实现内部的公平和全社会的公平为方向,改变完全按职级轮候职工住宅和发放住房补贴的做法,由直接提供转向按困难程度和职级结合的货币化补贴为主,对补贴后依然存在购房困难的公务员,才提供职工住宅和周转房。     

21世纪我国制造业信息化发展新趋势--APS、ERP和MES系统集成研究

从物流管理理念与信息系统的发展入手,分别对基于ERP和供应链管理环境下的计划与执行系统进行研究。通过分析APS、ERP和MES软件的不同特征,采用对比分析的方法,阐明APS、ERP和MES集成的系统是未来我国制造业信息化发展的新趋势。     

财政政策转变:从积极到稳健的效应分析

1998年开始,我国实行了以增加投入、扩大内需为主的积极财政政策。实践证明,积极的财政政策为我国有效抵御亚洲金融危机冲击,推动经济结构调整,促进经济持续稳定快速发展等方面,起到了重要作用。但同时也出现了一系列负面影响。目前,我国提出从2005年开始实施稳健的财政政策。如何实现财政政策的转型,这是我国宏观调控政策实施过程中面临的一个重要课题。本文在对积极财政政策分析评价的基础上,从调控政府支出、推进结构性税制改革、控制赤字、转移财政政策功能及支持中小企业发展等方面,提出了我国实施稳健财政政策的思路和对策。     

房地产税改革对公租房制度的政策支持分析

2007年以来,我国住房保障体系建设取得了突破性进展,公租房则是近期住房保障制度的重要创新。随着房地产税改革步伐的加快,新的房地产税制必将对公租房的建设和运营形成制度约束。本文在厘清公租房属性和制度要点的基础上,分析现行房地产税制对公租房建设和运营的制度约束,对最近上海和重庆的房产税试点改革进行评述,讨论房地产税改革取向并提出支持公租房制度的建议。