How not to measure sustainable value (and how one might)

Sustainability is a complex multidimensional concept that entails economic, environmental, and social aspects. The sustainable value (SV) method developed by F. Figge and T. Hahn [Ecol. Econ. 48(2004) 173-187] is one of the most promising attempts to measure sustainability performance of firms. SV measures corporate contributions to sustainability by valuing resource use based on the opportunity cost, which must be estimated. This paper critically examines Figge and Hahn's estimator for opportunity cost, and shows that the proposed estimator rests on a number of strong, unrealistic assumptions. Evidence from Monte Carlo simulations conducted by authors shows that the proposed estimator performs very poorly even under ideal conditions. Having identified shortcomings in the SV method, we review some econometric approaches with a proven statistical foundation, which might be usefully applied in the present context.     

A broad utilitarian theory of value and moral value

Never before has the American business community been challenged to justify and support its ethical standards as today. Hearings before government agencies, attacks by public interest groups, and emphasis on consumer interests have raised serious questions concerning the moral code of industry, the social responsibility of the business community, and what lies ahead for the business firm as it behaved in the past. Somehow much of the public believes that corporate responsibility has been compromised, and that regard for profits has become a way of life that overlooks humane and societal considerations. Management must recognize that it is invested with a definite ethical and moral, as well as legal, responsibility to demonstrate the highest traits of business leadership in its stewardship role. Anything short of such a standard may be catastrophic for the future of the American enterprise system.     

A materialist development of some recent contributions to the labour theory of value

The paper offers a novel interpretation and affirmation of theopening arguments of Capital, answering the fundamental butneglected question of why labour is the substance of value.Marx's arguments require that two philosophical threads, oftenseparated in the literature on value, be woven together. Theargument that value is the intrinsic ‘content’ makingcommodities exchangeable employs the thread of realism. Theargument that abstract labour is the emergent ‘socialsubstance’ of value employs the thread of dialectics.This interpretation develops the materialist and dialecticalphilosophy of E.V. Ilyenkov and deepens the approach to valuetheory initiated by Ben Fine.     

On the indeterminacy of Keynes's monetary theory of value

In this article I propose to reconsider Hugh Townshend's contribution in terms of the assessment made by George Shackle that Townshend proved the indeterminacy and nihilism inherent in the General theory. What I shall show, however, is that Townshend did not conclude that asset prices were indeterminate, but rather that they fell within a range of determinacy depending upon the relative magnitude of certain conventional criteria. And whilst it is true that Keynes clearly felt that an econonmy would be unpredictably unstable when these conventions broke down his motivation was to focus on the conditions by which the instiutional and conventional generative mechanisms could explain the relative stability of an economy when the prospective yield of assets were uncertain.     

价值理论创新视角下艺术商品的增值研究

学术界对艺术商品的价值多从收藏、历史价值和投资增值等方面深入分析,对艺术商品的投资研究多以定性描述为主,且主要从艺术学和美学的角度,很少有从经济学角度入手进行投资研究和价值分析的。从马克思劳动价值理论的视角并综合西方经济学的效用理论,分析艺术商品的特点和价值决定,对艺术商品的价值增值进行研究和探讨。     

Marx, devalorisation, and the theory of value

This article investigates the implications of devalorisationof fixed capital in Marx's value theory. It shows why an exact,algebraic value theory is impossible. It also indicates howanalysis of devalorisation provides a basis for understandingthe nature of crises.     

马克思剩余价值理论视角下信息商品增值研究

信息劳动创造价值,如何在马克思剩余价值理论视角下研究信息商品增值是一个新的研究课题。信息劳动是复杂劳动,创建期投入巨大,一些信息商品具有独特形式。将信息生产的不同时期的区分引入复杂的劳动过程和价值增殖的研究：信息商品创建期和扩大生产期都属于生产过程,在生产中获得价值增殖的潜力,而通过流通过程,创造出巨大数量的消费受众,从而实现了剩余价值的获得。巨大的规模投资、极高的技术门槛和政府政策保护使信息企业获得超额剩余价值。     

关于用人单位对大学毕业生需求行为的研究报告

用人单位对大学生的需求模式已经发生转变 ;用人单位对大学毕业生“工作能力”的评价高于“工作态度” ;“简历”在用人单位招录大学毕业生中的作用十分明显 ;大学生的就业“难”从人力资本投资的角度看其实质就是一个人力资本投资回报率不断下降的过程     

Duality,interest rates,and the theory of present value

This paper uses duality theory to simplify and extend previous work which characterized technologies which have present value decreasing in interest rates. For “unbounded” interest rate sets, value nonincreasing is equivalent to truncation never being desirable. For bounded interest rate sets, the result is true if truncation is replaced by limited truncation, appropriately defined. Similarly, for equal forward rates, undesirability of geometric truncation characterizes nonincreasing value. Another result shows that if truncation is undesirable at an internal rate of return, then the internal rate of return is well behaved, even if value is not decreasing everywhere.     

Commodity market risk from 1995 to 2013: an extreme value theory approach

In this article we examine whether extreme risk has increased in the agricultural commodity market during the period 1995–2013. We add to the literature on food price volatility by analysing the tail segment of futures price return distributions. Food price variability is a concern for governments and regulators worldwide, as most nations trade in food. High food price variability can contribute to poverty and malnourishment, in particular for people in less economically developed economies. We find no indications of systematically increasing tail-risk for the commodities in our sample. Analysis of estimated shape-parameters of the Generalized Extreme Value distribution further supports the conclusion that there is no general systematic change in the extreme risk associated with these commodity investments.     

论马克思主义劳动价值论在社会主义条件下的新发展

本文依据马克思劳动价值理论 ,阐述了在新的时代背景下马克思主义劳动价值理论的新发展。     

基于价值链理论的商业模式分类及其演化规律

商业模式的本质是反映企业价值创造的逻辑,可以由企业在产业价值链或价值网络中的定位、企业在价值链或价值网络中的竞争优势以及企业在价值链或价值网络中能够获得的潜在利润三个维度来衡量.由此又可以将各种具体的商业模式分为四种类型,分别是聚焦型、一体化型、协调型和核心型,它们会随着产业的生命周期而表现出规律性的演化趋势.     

云南省大学生到村任职的现状调查与研究

选聘高校毕业生到村任职是新时期我党加强和改善农村基层政权、建设社会主义新农村、全面实现建设小康社会的重大举措。然而,目前大学生村官的状况如何？存在哪些问题？如何使大学生村官队伍建设成为长期战略行动？以云南省大学生村官、乡镇领导、村委会和村民为调查对象,通过对其生活状况、工作状况、思想状况等方面的调查,分析云南省大学生村官存在的主要问题,并提出完善云南大学生村官的建议。     

劳动价值论视角下的信息商品及其劳动分析

信息科学技术革命浪潮不仅创造出一种全新的信息商品,劳动创造价值的形式也发生巨大变化。概述了信息商品及其使用价值和价值的主要特性,并在此基础上分析其派生出来的新现象：创造信息商品价值的劳动具有不确定性;规范信息商品的实现过程成为信息产业发展中亟须解决的问题;信息服务业的劳动创造价值问题。     

Staged financing: a trade-off theory of holdup and option value

This paper investigates financial contract design in venture capital investments and shows that staged financing is the implementation of optimal contracts. In designing contracts, venture capitalists consider the value of real options and the costs of holdup. This consideration boils down to contract rigidity and flexibility: rigid contracts mitigate the holdup problem of entrepreneurs, but have little option values, whereas flexible contracts create real options for venture capitalists in corporate decision-making, but yield weak bargaining power when ventures appear promising. In optimal contracts, venture capitalists choose flexibility by separating capital into stages and then strategically allocating control rights at each stage. This strategy creates option value in corporate governance, and can protect sunk investments in distress while capturing the potential benefits of good outcomes.