模块化:机遇还是陷阱——全球价值链背景下的研究

学者们对模块化带来的优势进行了大量探讨,但很少关注模块化带来的问题。文章在全球价值链背景下,从理论角度探讨了模块化对国内供应商的影响。认为对国内模块供应商而言,模块化在一定程度上阻碍了其竞争优势的形成。     

基于全球价值链的物流产业转型升级研究

运用全球价值链理论分析得到我国物流产业进行转型升级的模式,并从物流企业自身、物流产业集群、政府等几个角度提出物流产业转型升级的路径。     

基于全球价值链的物流产业转型升级研究

运用全球价值链理论分析得到我国物流产业进行转型升级的模式,并从物流企业自身、物流产业集群、政府等几个角度提出物流产业转型升级的路径.     

全球城市的经济地位研究

全球城市成为认识全球经济的一个视角,越来越多的研究聚焦全球城市,这既反映了世界经济的新变化,也反映了城市发展的新变化。经济全球化的分离和集聚打造了全球城市。信息技术成为全球城市的技术基础。全球城市网络成为全球城市的外部条件。全球公司占据全球城市的关键地位。全球城市的意义在于服务于全球经济,其服务的属性是生产性服务,主要形式是商务服务和金融服务。全球城市驱动全球经济,全球城市集聚一国的经济能量,全球城市应该成为中国经济的一个方向。全球城市已经成为北京上海的发展目标。     

全球一体化背景下的世界城市构建与发展思路研究

城市是伴随着人类文明进步发展起来的,是现代经济社会发展和社会活动的主要载体.近几年来,我国经济持续快速发展,成为世界经济排名第二的大国.如何适应经济全球化的发展趋势,培育构建世界城市,已成为专家学者讨论的热点.就世界城市理论的历史演进、世界城市的概念界定、特征、世界城市的形成与发展进行了分析,探讨性地阐述了在全球一体化...     

人工智能与全球价值链网络深化

发展以人工智能为代表的高新技术是中国推动高质量对外开放、实现更高水平融入全球价值链分工网络的重要依托。本文基于Melitz(2003)和Bai等(2019),在异质性企业出口决策模型中引入人工智能,将企业出口模型拓展至企业增加值出口模型,并实证检验了人工智能发展对GVC网络深化的影响和内在机制。本文研究结果显示,各国人工智能产业的进步能显著促进GVC网络的深化。人工智能对GVC网络的积极影响主要是通过劳动力替代和缓解资源错配实现。相比于发达国家,人工智能对深化发展中国家GVC网络的促进效应更强;相比于高出口依赖型国家,对低出口依赖型国家的积极效应更加突出。人工智能除了影响各国GVC网络的深化外,还能延长GVC长度,增强GVC竞争力,以及推动各国向GVC上游攀升。这一发现对当前“双循环”新发展格局构建——“内循环为主、外循环赋能”具有重要的战略指引。     

全球价值链分工中欠发达地区产业升级策略研究──以河南省为例

全球价值链分工中,我国企业通过融入全球产业分工体系分享了来自加工制造环节比较优势的收益,但发达国家通过跨国公司的价值链控制,将我国的制造业锁定在价值链低端,尤其对于技术能力和市场能力不足的中西部欠发达地区而言,嵌入全球价值链和国家价值链均易陷入双重受控的低端锁定。河南省作为欠发达地区的典型代表,根据对其产业价值链水平的测算及存在问题的分析,如果将区域价值链与国家价值链和全球价值链依次作为不同发展阶段产业升级的载体形态,当前阶段应以构建区域价值链为主导,并借助国家价值链和全球价值链的牵引实现产业升级。     

基于全球价值链的江苏服装出口品牌研究

近年来,江苏服装企业在全球价值链的高附加值阶段升级有良好机遇,因而研究江苏纺织服装出口行业品牌构建,促进江苏纺织服装行业在全球价值链中的升级具有重要的意义。     

Measuring industrial upgrading: applying factor analysis in a global value chain framework

ABSTRACT

A key question for promoting international competition is how to improve the position of countries and industries in global value chains (GVCs). The first step is to properly measure industrial upgrading in GVCs. This is not a trivial issue because upgrading has not been defined unambiguously. Several authors have used different (and sometimes related) measures, all of which indicate certain aspects of upgrading. Rather than trying to find the single, ultimate measure of upgrading, we propose a different approach. We examine the multidimensionality of industrial upgrading, using eight indicators in factor analysis. Four of the eight indicators adopt the GVC perspective and include, for example, the growth of the share in value-added exports. We provide three quantitative dimensions of industrial upgrading: process upgrading, product upgrading, and skill upgrading. With these dimensions, we compare and analyze the upgrading of different countries and industries using the World Input–Output Database.     

De-industrialization and comparative advantage in the global value chain

We investigate the causes of de-industrialization and potential for re-industrialization using trade-linked input–output data from WIOD. By introducing a new global value chain measure of comparative advantage, we relate a sector's share in domestic final demand to that in production and separate the direct effect of trade on its income share. This method identifies the declining share of manufacturing value added in domestic final expenditures to be the main cause of de-industrialization. Differences in comparative advantage between countries do matter, especially in the case of employment shares, but have a limited impact via the direct trade effect on value added. The findings point to a peculiar paradox of industrial policy: precisely when it is successful in raising competitiveness and hence productivity growth of manufacturing, it also furthers the global decline of relative prices in manufacturing. In contrast to the national objectives of re-industrialization, effective industrial policies accelerate de-industrialization in the global economy.     

Local clusters in global value chains: exploring dynamic linkages between Germany and Pakistan

Recent research has underlined the importance of external linkages for industrial clusters. Suppliers and buyers within a global value chain offer important external ties for cluster-based producers not only in terms of the distribution of physical goods, but also for knowledge flows and innovation. Globalization has intensified such value chain links, connecting geographically dispersed producers to global markets. Yet, there is limited research on how local clusters enter global chains or on ties between clusters in the developed and developing world. This study addresses this gap. It uses the case of the global surgical instrument industry to analyse connections and differences between the industry's leading production clusters in Germany and Pakistan. Global standards, low-cost competition, and advances in medical technology raise challenges for both clusters. The paper explores the responses to these challenges. It distinguishes between knowledge and production links to illustrate differentiation in each cluster, diverging trajectories and continuing ties.     

Global value chains,local collective action and corporate social responsibility: a review of empirical evidence

A key debate in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) literature is the tension between global pressures and local responses. Developing country suppliers often grumble that CSR compliance adds costs. Yet, local collective action, articulated through industry associations, can potentially reduce costs and promote local embeddedness of CSR initiatives. Through case study analysis, this paper considers how demands for CSR compliance prompted collective action responses in selected developing country export industries. We argue that differences in collective responses can be partially explained by how local export industries are inserted into global value chains. We distinguish between ‘highly visible’ value chains, led by internationally well known brands as lead firms, and relatively ‘less visible’ chains, where external CSR pressures come from a variety of sources, including less dominant lead firms, international/national regulatory frameworks and national media. This differentiation suggests a possible trade‐off between the independence and the embeddedness of collective CSR initiatives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

A Global Value Chain Analysis of the ‘Regional Strategy’ Perspective

In this counterpoint paper we argue that the findings presented by the ‘regional strategy’ literature do not capture the full array of global activities of the multinational enterprise (MNE). While this literature makes an important contribution to the field by showing that sales and production activities in the MNE are regionally structured, we argue that this assessment is biased for two reasons. First, this approach overly focuses on geographical location of downstream activities, while disregarding that of knowledge creation and other relevant upstream activities in the MNE. Second, the approach associates the firm's value creation only with its internalized activities and does not capture the value created through any activities that are externalized. Many MNEs rely to a significant extent on value creation outside the firm's legal boundaries. We argue that such omissions are likely to lead to biased interpretations using different theoretical lenses, such as the knowledge‐/resource‐based view, internalization theory and more general transaction cost economics. Based on our reasoning, we provide recommendations for future research both within and beyond the ‘regional strategy’ literature.     

Identifying hubs and spokes in global supply chains using redirected trade in value added

The increasing importance of global supply chains has prompted the use of analytical tools based on trade in value added – instead of traditional measures in gross value. We use this analytical framework to develop indicators that identify production hubs and supply spokes in global supply chains. Using these indicators and the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database, we quantify the relative importance of redirected value-added trade and the hub and spoke relationships at the aggregate level and for specific highly integrated industries.     

产业集群与我国制造业全球价值链提升

随着经济全球化的深入发展和国际产业分工的不断深化,在全球产业价值链体系中,以集群为特征的经济增长方式在促进国别或区域经济发展中逐渐显示出其重要性。本文在此结合我国在大规模承接国际制造业产业转移的基础上,分析产业集群与我国在全球制造业产业价值链体系中的位置提升。     

High-speed rail network and urban agglomeration economies: Research from the perspective of urban network externalities

High-speed rail (HSR) has greatly promoted cross-regional economic activities, but few studies have been conducted from the perspective of urban network externalities (UNEs). Based on data from China from 2008 to 2019, this paper constructs an HSR operation network model to study the impact of the network position (NP) on urban agglomeration economies (UAEs) by jointly employing network and econometric analysis methods. The findings suggest the following: (1) Improvements to NP significantly enhance UAEs. Improving the comprehensive NP by 1% will increase urban output per capita by 193.5–226.8 RMB. The findings hold under several robustness tests. (2) The NP's facilitation of growth in UAEs is reflected mainly in national core cities, while the impact of peripheral cities reflects a “∽-shaped” curve as their distance from each nearest neighboring core city changes. (3) From the temporal-dynamic perspective, the NP's impact on UAEs appeared one year before the HSR line was opened and was fully realized three years after the opening of the HSR. (4) Investment agglomeration and expansions in borrowed size are the main mediating mechanisms whereby NP facilitates UAEs.     

Explaining value chain differences in MRIO databases through structural path decomposition

Many multiregional input–output (MRIO) databases are used to calculate consumption-based accounts. Results feature in climate policy discussion on emissions reduction responsibilities; yet studies show that outcomes produced by each database differ. This paper compares the emissions associated with value chains from Eora, EXIOBASE, GTAP and WIOD. Structural path analysis identifies the largest paths in each database and the differences in common paths are calculated. For the top 100 value chain paths that contain the largest difference, structural path decomposition is used to identify the contribution each part of the value chain makes towards the difference. The results identify and quantify key flows that are the cause of difference in the databases. From these, we can conclude that key MRIO database construction decisions, such as using the residence or territorial principle for emissions allocation and whether energy spends are reallocated based on physical data, are the major causes of differences.     

全球价值链下江苏计算机产业升级路径研究

本论文研究的主要目标是在承接国际产业转移以及生产国际化的条件下,应如何发挥加工贸易在新型工业化下的战略作用,促进加工贸易进一步扩大规模、加长产业链、提高本地采购率、加快技术进步与产业升级,从而充分发挥跨国公司的技术外溢效应,带动当地相关产业的技术进步与产业升级,提升江苏计算机产业竞争力。然后,对全球价值链理论需进一步研究的问题及其对江苏OEM企业与产业集群嵌入全球价值链实现产业升级方面的启示进行了探讨。