Limits to Institutional Reforms

The essay draws on the theory of (macro)economic policy, as it has evolved, to discuss implicit policy determinism in the new economics of institutions. The extension of rational-choice methods to new levels of analysis, such as micropolitics, macropolitics, political macroeconomics, and microfoundations of cooperation, has apparently reduced the policy choice set and diminished the role of experts. All outcomes reflect constrained maximization by rational agents. The essay argues, however, that scarcity of knowledge leads to incomplete and variable policy models, and that competition among policy models creates a role for experts in social change.     

关于深化乡镇体制改革的研究报告

本文回顾了建国以来我国乡镇体制的沿革以及近年的一些改革探索,介绍了深化乡镇体制改革的四个方案,并逐一进行了利弊分析。作者认为,乡镇管理体制改革涉及县级改革的配套和村民自治的进一步完善,不管采取哪种方案,都需要县乡村三级联动、整体思考、上下配套;必须先进行试点,在取得经验后,再做决断。     

Limits of the New Institutional Economics Approach to African Development

In the last two decades, there has been a marked shift in the research on Sub-Saharan Africa from standard neoclassical analysis to new institutional economics (NIE). The increasing emphasis on NIE is reflected in a wide range of works by international financial institutions and scholars. However, the NIE approach retains fundamental limitations due to its narrow interpretation of institutions, its over-reliance on analysis of transactions costs and property rights, and its ahistorical attachment to markets and private sector firms as major engines of development. Furthermore, NIE typically fails to look “inside institutions” to identify the complex cultural factors that shape the interests and behaviors of the members of institutions. This paper engages in a critique of NIE analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa’s economic development, and suggests the need for a nuanced analysis of property rights and culture, along with development programs to address inequality and poverty and to foster state-led development.     

对《边城》美的赏析

对《边城》中展现的自然美、民风美和人物美进行赏析，引导读者更好地获得文学艺术关的享受，进一步了解掌握作品，解读作者所要表现的林林种种，近距离地感受作者丰富的内心世界。     

制度参数、国家规模与后发国"蛙跳"

文章首先构建了一个有关先发国家与后发国家之间技术扩散的正规模型,该模型将制度背景作为一个参数引入,借以从形式上分析制度背景对技术进步及经济增长过程的影响;模型的动态分析从形式上展现了后发国家在技术水平上超越先发国家("蛙跳")的全过程,并推论出后发国成功实现"蛙跳"的先决条件是:后发国由制度参数与经济规模参数所决定的综合参数能够由比先发国低的值跃升为比先发国高的值。此外,文章还基于经济制度由相关利益主体间制度博弈均衡所决定的这一分析框架,进一步尝试性地解释了制度参数变化的非均匀性,并对中国未来实现"蛙跳"的可能性进行了分析。     

Contracting Boundaries as Institutional Infrastructure: Efficacy, Adaptation, and Obsolescence: Commentary on La Croix and Ghiselin's Comments

The New Institutional Economics (NIE) emphasizes that different governance structures generate a rich variety of observed institutional arrangements. In Yarbrough & Yarbrough (1999), we extended this reasoning to argue that different governance structures also carry implications for the sets of acceptable contracting partners or ‘insiders’. Here we discuss various contracting groups as institutional infrastructures and evaluate their efficiency, ability to adapt, and longevity or possible obsolescence in the face of changes in the nature of transactions or of the transactional environment. The fact that, despite their many shortcomings, private institutional infrastructures continue to be built, to adapt, and to function, even in modern societies with well-developed state-based legal systems, provides a measure of the centrality and complexity of the task of assuring contractual integrity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

完善人民代表大会制度的路径探索——"中国民主的制度结构"学术研讨会综述

2006年6月23—24日,由复旦大学中国政府与政治研究中心主办的“中国民主的制度结构”学术研讨会在复旦大学召开。来自中国社会科学院政治学所、中央编译局当代所、美国加州大学伯克利分校、日本庆应大学、复旦大学、武汉大学、南开大学等科研高校单位,以及一些地方人大研究部门共60余人参加了这次学术研讨会。本次研讨会就如何坚持和完善我国的根本政治制度———人民代表大会制度,进行了有益的探讨。与会人员就人民代表大会制度在社会主义政治文明建设中居于核心地位且存在着较大的发展空间达成了共识。一、人民代表大会制度是一个属性丰富…     

制度安排的相容性:基于"新一代农业合作社"的案例解读

"新一代合作社" (new-generation cooperatives,NGCs)这个用语是对过去大约20年中最早出现于美国北达科他州和明尼苏达州,以后发展到相邻的其他州和加拿大的大约200多个开展农产品加工增值、实行封闭成员制(closed membership)的合作社的称谓.     

和谐增长与制度和谐——一个基于"四个环节"的视域

从经济健康发展和社会长期稳定看,和谐增长是一个国家的理性选择.和谐增长的内容实际上已经具体化在生产、分配、交换和消费的诸环节,而且它们之间贯穿着一条难以摆脱的制度链条.本文以"四个环节"的分析为切入点,将和谐增长镶嵌于制度和谐的框架内,分析不和谐增长的制度背景和制度原因,旨在为研究和谐增长提供一个新的、现实的视域,并从制度和谐上探讨长期和谐增长的外在保障.