建设工程项目中信任产生机制研究

建设工程项目中参与单位之间特别是业主和承包商之间的负面关系成为困扰建筑业发展的一大难题.业主和承包商之间存在负面关系,其重要原因是缺乏信任.文章在对信任产生机制进行综述的基础上,提出了建设工程项目中信任产生的因素,即受信方特征和施受信双方关系特征.分析了各项因素对信任产生的作用,并最终构建信任产生机制的概念模型.     

施工项目的全面合同管理

建设工程施工合同是业主与施工单位以工程施工为目的,明确相互权利与义务关系的协议:施工单位应按合同规定完成业主交给的建筑安装工程任务,业主应按合同规定提供必要条件并支付工程价款。合同是否公正、可行,业主能否履约以及项目经理部对合同管理的有效性都会对项目管理本身及项目的经济效益产生影响。随着我国加入世界     

基于业主方视角的工程项目中信任的产生与影响

在文献综述的基础上将信任划分为计算型信任和关系型信任,构建了包括信任的前因、信任(计算型信任和关系型信任)、项目成功的整体理论模型.对业主方进行了调研,根据实证数据对理论模型加以验证和完善.结果表明:信任的前因包括承包商特征(声誉、能力、言行一致性)和双方关系特征(双方的沟通、相互性、合同);计算型信任对关系型信任具有非线性作用;两类信任对项目成功具有重要作用,但关系型信任的作用更大.     

驻厂监造与监造工作管理

驻厂监造中，监理单位与业主、承包商密切配合．依据国家有关法律法规及相关合同，共同完成项目任务．并受政府相关部门的监督，作为独立第三方的监理单位．处理好与业主、承包商、政府的监督部门的关系是监理顺利进行的条件之一。同时监理还应加强自身的建没，建立有效良性运行的监理机制．内部实行科学的管理，提高监理的水平．使临理工作更加有效率，     

监理企业向项目管理企业转变的思考

通过对建设工程监理与建设工程项目管理关系的分析，指出了向项目管理企业转变是监理企业提升竞争平台、提高系统实力和整体水平的有效途径之，并对监理企业如何向项目管理企业转变提出了建议。     

工程造价管理工作如何服务于建筑业的发展

在社会市场经济中，价格行为是一切经济行为的核心，价格关系是一切经济利益关系的焦点。在建设市场和招标投标中，工程造价是项目业主和承包商经济利益关系的焦点和两者一切经济行为的核心。加强工程造价的监管，对合理确定和有效控制工程造价，规范建设工程施工发承包计价行为。维护建设市场秩序，打造诚信环境，保护建设工程合同当事人的合法权益．     

谈电力建设工程的两个经济问题

关于控制工程造价问团电力建设工程项目的造价是否合理,应以它的使用价值来衡量,建设工程项目实现的设计功能和满足合作价值要求是控制工程造价的前提。控制工程造价是造价和建设管理问题,其基本表现是通过计划措施,使建设资金与建设工程项目及工程综合进度得到合理配置的过程,最终实现建设项目的合同价（商品价）不突破其预算价（产品价）的目的。控制工程造价的主体是项目法人或业主,业主的建设主导思想是决定和影响造价的关键因素,因此规范和端正业主的建设主导思想,在建设项日实施中认真贯彻“安全可靠、经济适用、符合国情”的…     

建设项目业主方造价管理实务分析

在建设工程项目的全寿命周期内,不同阶段的不同任务,往往由不同的参与单位完成,而各参与单位的工作性质、工作任务和利益不同,于是就形成了不同目标类型的项目管理,派生出不同目标类型的造价管理.而业主方的造价管理在整个项目管理过程中处于主导地位,有着导向的作用.在分析项目参与各方造价管理目标、内容、时间阶段以及利益机制基础上,就业主方如何依据自身特点,在建设项目全过程的各个阶段造价管理方面发挥控制的核心作用,提高项目投资效益进行了实务分析和总结.     

建设工程项目质保期管理问题与建议研究

在建设工程项目全生命周期内,质量保修期管控与合同双方利益密切相关.基于业主方视角,结合工作实践,梳理总结工程项目质保期管理存在的主要问题,并提出合理化建议,以期提升工程项目质保整体管理水平.     

建设工程业主方的项目管理

项目管理是个“筐”,装进去的是《建设工程业主方的项目管理》《建设工程项目管理优势何在》《建设项目远程控制与管理》和《疏浚企业目标管理再认识》四篇文章。它们是“箩卜”还是“白菜”,请读者品尝评说。     

Trust and Workplace Performance

Using European Company Survey data, this article explores the relationship between trust and establishment performance under works councils, on the one hand, and union bodies on the other. Trust is initially measured using the individual survey respondent's assessment of the ‘contribution’ of the other side. Although the rating of the employee representative is favoured over that of management as less subject to feedback from performance, the potential endogeneity of employee trust in management is also modelled. Next, a preferred inverse measure of trust (or dissonance) is constructed from the discrepancy between the assessments of the two sides of the quality of workplace industrial relations. Employee trust is associated throughout with improved establishment performance, and conversely for the dissonance counterpart. In their presence, neither type of workplace representation is superior to the other.     

Infrastructure Contracts: Trust and Institutional Updating

This paper discusses trust and trust perceptions in infrastructure contracts and supporting institutions. We focus on perceptions of the trustworthiness of the government purchasers of infrastructure services by the supplying companies and by the governments themselves. In particular, we allow for trust updating and trust misalignments, which may give rise to ‘undertrusting’ and ‘overtrusting’. The core of the paper sets out a game theoretic model of contracts with dynamic adjustment of trust perceptions, which we use to explore the impact of trust misalignment both on economic efficiency (measured by expected welfare) and on investment levels. We explore flexible contracts with and without pre-payments, rigid contracts (which do not allow for post-investment renegotiation), and hybrid contracts. We then compare the efficiency of the flexible contracts to that of hybrid contracts using as a criterion the expected welfare implications of each contract. The model is used to shed light on current issues on the sustainability of private investment infrastructure contracts in developed and in developing countries, including the role of regulatory institutions.     

信任扩展与家族企业创新发展

关系主义、家族信任是华人家族企业的基本逻辑。从经济社会学的视角看 ,特殊主义的人际关系模式和家族主义价值观则是家族信任的基础。家族信任在中国民营企业创业发展的初期具有积极的作用。但随着企业规模的扩大 ,仅有家族信任是不能满足企业发展需要的。家族企业创新发展的关键就是要将家族信任扩展为社会信任     

Trust and the Flexible Firm: International Comparisons

Japanese and German manufacturers are more successful than their counterparts in Britain and France in achieving organizational flexibility, which depends on labor-management trust and cooperation. This trust developed in Germany and Japan over the post-World War II decades through the institutionalization of a system of labor-management consultation. This paper examines the role of power and social norms to explain why trust-building systems of joint consultation take hold in one place and not in another.     

Don't Trust Trust: A Dynamic Approach to Controlling Supplier Involvement in New Product Development

Prior literature stresses the importance for manufacturers to use formal and informal controls to coordinate collaborative new product development activities with suppliers. In doing so, the existence of trust between manufacturers and suppliers is believed to play a key role because it enables manufacturers to reduce investments in formal controls and rely more on less costly informal controls. Manufacturers and suppliers don't suddenly trust each other though: trust typically grows over time as the partners get to know each other. Trust may also decrease if manufacturers overuse formal controls or if suppliers underperform. These fluctuations in trust over the course of supplier–manufacturer relationships complicate the so‐called trust–control nexus and raise important questions about the impact of trust on the efficiency and effectiveness of formal and informal controls as coordination mechanisms. Therefore, this study examines how manufacturers should balance formal and informal controls over time to reap the full benefits of collaborative product development with suppliers. For that purpose, a conceptual and system dynamics model are developed, which incorporate the links among formal and informal controls, trust, and the supplier's development performance. In an empirical validation in the context of the shipbuilding industry, the results reject the notion that manufacturers must lessen formal controls and increase informal controls with trust. Instead, it is most efficient and effective to invest always in formal controls, particularly process control, to coordinate supplier involvement in new product development. These results have important theoretical and managerial implications: Informal controls are not as profitable as expected.     

Organizational Restructuring: Impact on Trust and Work Satisfaction

After the Asian financial crisis, companies are now contending with the current global economic slowdown. Whether it is at the national, industry or organizational levels, restructuring has gained currency as a strategic decision to realign internal structure with changing macro environmental factors. Faced with more competitive markets and greater demands on costs controls, organizations and businesses are taking the fast track to cost-cutting by downsizing, reorganizing their divisions, streamlining their operations, and closing down unprofitable divisions.Changes that are introduced in an organizational restructuring will affect the socio-psychological well-being of organization members given the potential for uncertainty that may accompany such changes. There is a need to better understand the consequences of organizational restructuring and consider some of its potential side effects on the work environment. Employees in a post-restructuring context are understandably wary about the future direction of the organization and their roles within it.This study is an attempt to examine the social-psychological impact of organizational restructuring on trust and work satisfaction. Additionally the inter-relationships between trust and work satisfaction, including their antecedents in the work environment are examined.Trust and work satisfaction levels were tracked before and three months after organizational restructuring for varying types of changes that were initiated during the restructuring. Both trust and satisfaction with working in the organization declined significantly when compared to pre-restructuring levels. Independent t-tests analysis indicated that there was a significant decline in trust for the work group which had a newly hired manager and a change in work processes. Results showed that there was a negative relationship between both work satisfaction and trust with the extent of change required of employees.The findings also showed that there was a positive relationship between trust and work satisfaction and that trust contributed to work satisfaction. Perception of colleagues willingness to help solve job-related problems contributed significantly to strengthening of trust relations among colleagues. Additionally, colleagues and supervisors willingness to listen to employee problems contributed significantly to work satisfaction.Results of the study highlighted the need for strategic decision-makers to consider the social impact of organizational restructuring. Top managers must realize that both trust and work satisfaction are important ingredients for the effective functioning of an organization and to actively ensure that support systems or structures are adequate and available to mitigate the negative impact, particularly if the changes to be implemented are extensive.     

Trust and forms of capital in business-to-business activities and relationships

The IMP group's ARA model, with its emphasis on interaction, captures social and economic dimensions of exchanges. We draw on it to compare three cases and assess how actors act in skilful and nuanced ways in mobilizing resources, given the very different norms of social and economic capital. We prioritize action ahead of structure and, given the inherent uncertainties that actors encounter in connection with resources, argue that trust is a cognitive and heuristic dimension of action, distinct from resources, actor-bonds and social capital. We conclude that for business practice, managers should be mindful that in order to trust others, they need to act in the distinct realms of social and economic capital, tempting though it is to interpret and measure the costs of actions economically.     

交易特征、关系信任与农业企业契约选择

“公司＋农户”模式是当前我国农业产业化经营的主导模式,如何选择合适的契约是农业企业必须面对的一个重要问题。文章认为,农业企业契约选择不仅受交易特征的决定,同时也受双方关系信任程度的影响,是两种因素共同作用下的结果,并以南京市3家鸭制品加工企业为例,对影响农业企业契约选择的交易特征和关系信任等因素进行了案例分析,验证了这一研究假设。