基于商品期货价格的通货膨胀预测研究

利用商品期货价格对中国通货膨胀进行了实证分析和预测。研究发现,大宗商品期货价格对PPI和CPI的变动具有显著影响。回测结果表明,模型对PPI和CPI的短期预测能力相对良好,对中长期预测的误差虽有增大,但预测走势与实际走势大体一致。在此基础上对下一步通胀走势进行分析后发现:2022年PPI将呈现逐步回落趋势;短期内CPI有小幅上升的可能,未来一年内将回落至较低水平震荡。由于期货价格无法预测到中长期产业政策变动,因此预测模型无法捕捉到个别月份的大幅波动,但在趋势判断上仍有一定参考价值。     

Investigating first‐stage exchange rate pass‐through: Sectoral and macro evidence from euro area countries

In this paper, we evaluate the first‐stage pass‐through, namely the responsiveness of import prices to the exchange rate changes, for a sample of euro area (EA) countries. Our study aimed to shed further light on the role of microeconomic factors versus macroeconomic factors in influencing the extent of the exchange rate pass‐through (ERPT). As a first step, we conduct a sectoral analysis using disaggregated import prices data. We find a much higher degree of pass‐through for more homogeneous goods and commodities, such as oil and raw materials, than for highly differentiated manufactured products, such as machinery and transport equipment. Our results confirm that cross‐country differences in pass‐through rates may be due to divergences in the product composition of imports. The higher share of imports from sectors with lower degrees of pass‐through, the lower ERPT for an economy will be. In a next step, we investigate for the impact of some macroeconomics factors or common events experienced by EA members on the extent of pass‐through. Using the system generalised method of moments within a dynamic panel‐data model, our estimates indicate that decline of import‐price sensitivity to the exchange rate is not significant since the introduction of the single currency. Our findings suggest instead that the weakness of the euro during the first 3 years of the monetary union significantly raised the extent of the ERPT. This outcome could explain why the sensitivity of import prices has not fallen since 1999. We also point out a significant role played by the inflation in the Eurozone, as the responsiveness of import prices to exchange rate fluctuations tends to decline in a low and more stable inflation environment. Overall, our findings support the view that the extent of pass‐through is comprised of both macro‐ and microeconomic aspects that policymakers should take into account.     

人民币升值是治理当前通货膨胀的有效手段吗?——基于人民币汇率对国内物价传导效果的实证研究

随着人民币汇率浮动幅度的扩大,汇率变动对国内物价水平的影响程度日益引起人们的关注。在对国内外相关文献进行回顾的基础上,本文旨在从实证的角度考察分析人民币汇率变动对国内进口品价格、企业商品价格和消费者价格的传导效果,并通过稳定性检验考察人民币汇率形成机制改革对我国汇率传导效果的影响,这些结论可结合我国的具体国情予以合理解释。     

汇率传导效应的双重传导机制分析

采用2005年8月～2010年12月相关指标的月度数据,以协整方法、误差修正模型及VAR模型等计量方法对汇率传导效应进行了量化,研究结论显示,产品市场传导渠道的汇率传导效果较为显著,而资本市场传导渠道的汇率传导效应较为微弱,但传导速度较为迅速.     

进出口视角下汇率对失业影响的效应研究

选取1992年～2009年G20国家中15个国家的进出口、汇率和失业率等数据,运用面板协整方法研究汇率对失业的直接影响,以及进口和出口两个渠道对失业产生的间接影响,结果表明,汇率对失业率的直接影响效应不显著,通过出口和进口渠道对失业率产生的间接影响也较小,但出口和失业率存在反向关系,扩大出口能降低失业率;进口和失业率也存在反向关系,进口贸易额的扩大能使失业率降低.     

正确处理经济增长、调整结构与稳定物价的关系

经济增长、调整结构和稳定物价既相互联系,又互相影响。当前我国经济发展总体情况良好,但仍面临着经济增长速度有所回落、经济结构失衡突出、稳定物价存在不确定性等挑战。要解决经济发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的矛盾,增强经济发展的平稳性、协调性和可持续性,必须正确处理好经济增长、调整结构和稳定物价的关系,在保增长、调结构和稳物价之间找到"平衡点"。     

人民币汇率变动对中国出口商品结构的影响分析

通过1985年～2010年资源密集型产品出口额(SITC0-4)、劳动密集型产品出口额(SITC6、SITC8)和资本技术密集型产品出口额(SITC5、SITC7)与人民币实际有效汇率指数及非市场因素出口退税额的协整分析,认为出口额的汇率弹性由大到小依次为劳动密集型产品、资本技术密集型产品、资源密集型产品,因而人民币实际有效汇率升值有利于优化我国出口商品结构,至少是工业制成品出口结构.同时,从出口退税额前的相关系数来看,中国应转变出口退税的政策倾向,加大对资本技术密集型产品出口的支持力度.     

人民币升值对出口商品价格传递效应的测度及其政策涵义——以中美贸易为例

以单位值指数构造方法为基础,选取五种商品分别构建五个不同行业商品的出口价格指数,经过协整检验、自回归分布滞后检验以及脉冲响应函数检验,结果发现:五种行业出口产品的价格指数在短期内均存在不完全的汇率传递效应;相对于其他行业来说,劳动密集型行业的汇率的短期出口价格效应更加明显;汇率传递的长期出口价格效应要高于短期出口价格效应.其政策涵义是,为规避人民币升值的负面效应,中国应该积极推动全球化过程中贸易自由化进程,做好劳动密集型行业的升级和优化,稳步推进人民币汇率形成机制和管理体制改革,宏观政策做到微观审慎监管和宏观审慎监管相结合.     

简析影响我国价格波动的因素

现在我国大多数价格是由市场决定的 ,但关系重大的价格还是由国家监控 ,并在宏观经济中发挥作用。国内外供给与需求的改变、市场竞争的加剧 ,世界非能源商品价格的变动 ,进口关税下跌 ,以及外汇汇率的变动 ,都是影响我国价格波动的主要因素。     

Into the Mussa puzzle: monetary policy regimes and the real exchange rate in a small open economy

Industrial countries moving from fixed to floating exchange rate regimes experience dramatic rises in the variability of the real exchange rate. This evidence, forcefully documented by Mussa [Nominal exchange regimes and the behavior of real exchange rates: evidence and implications. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 25 (1986) 117], is a puzzle because it is hard to reconcile with the assumption of flexible prices. This paper lays out a dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open economy that combines nominal price rigidity with a systematic behavior of monetary policy able to approximate a continuum of exchange rate regimes. A version of the model with complete exchange rate pass-through is broadly consistent with Mussa’s findings. Most importantly, this holds independently of the underlying source of fluctuations in the economy, stressing the role of the nominal exchange rate regime per se in affecting the variability of the real exchange rate. However, only a model featuring incomplete exchange rate pass-through can account for a broader range of exchange rate statistics. Finally there exist ranges of values for either the degree of openness or the elasticity of substitution between domestic and foreign goods for which the baseline model is also consistent with the empirical insensitivity of output volatility to the type of exchange rate regime, as documented by Baxter and Stockman [Journal of Monetary Economics 23 (1989) 377].     

基于商品出口的快速报价法

对外报价是货物出口贸易中必须遇到的一个环节，本文通过收支平衡的基本原理，推导出本币与外币的“换汇折算率”，并融合了外贸公司的利润目标，分析并说明了外贸从业人员如何通过综合考虑人民币汇率、出口退税率、预期利润率等变量，将商品的本币价格快速而准确地换算成外币价格，对外报价。     

Currency Prices, the Nominal Exchange Rate, and Security Prices in a Two‐Country Dynamic Monetary Equilibrium

This paper examines a continuous‐time two‐country dynamic monetary equilibrium in which countries with possibly heterogeneous tastes and endowments hold their own money for the purpose of transaction services formulated via money in the utility function. Given a price system, no‐arbitrage pricing results are provided for the price of each money and the nominal exchange rate. Characterizations are provided for equilibrium prices for general time‐additive preferences and non‐Markovian exogenous processes. Under a Markovian structure of model primitives, the currency prices are shown to solve a bivariate system of partial differential equations. Assuming that each country is endowed with heterogeneous separable power utility and the exogenous quantities all follow geometric Brownian motions, an equilibrium is shown to exist and additional characterization is provided. A further example of nonseparable Cobb–Douglas preferences is investigated. The additional features over the customary environment of homogeneous logarithmic preferences are emphasized.     

商检条款不容忽视——如何防范外商利用商品质量问题拖欠货款

商检条款是进出口贸易合同中的一项重要条款,然而又往往是买卖双方在订立合同时容易忽略的条款。本文阐述了商检条款的重要作用,订立商检条款所涉及到的主要问题,并提出了完善商检约定规避外贸风险的建议。     

人民币汇率与股票价格关系的实证研究

本文以我国2005年7月21日汇改为界,分别分析了我国2005.7.21-2007．10．16（Ⅰ段）、2007．10．17—2008．11．4（Ⅱ段）和2008．11．5-2009．5．4（Ⅲ段）人民币兑美元汇率与谨乏票价档之间的关系。结果表明：我国汇率与股价之间没有长期稳定的均衡关系,只是在部分时间段内二者存在一定的格兰杰因果关系,这需要从二者相互关系的影响机制并结合宏观调控及国际金融危机的背景来进行分析。