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1.
《The World Economy》2018,41(3):884-912
We construct an index of non‐tariff measures (NTM ) transparency based on notifications to the WTO under the sanitary and phytosanitary and technical barriers to trade agreements, the existence of a trade portal giving ready access to trade‐relevant regulations, the existence of NTM data collected under the MAST classification, and the results of an experiment conducted between 2015 and 2016 where we asked for specific regulations concerning the import of a particular product on behalf of a private company. The resulting country ranking shows that OECD countries are, by and large, the most transparent, but also shows that ASEAN countries score well compared to other developing countries. 相似文献
2.
文章在企业异质性视角下,利用修正后的引力模型,分析了影响2004～2007年中国制造业29个子产业出口的因素。研究表明多数子产业同质性程度较高,产出和出口主要集中于众多中小企业。考虑企业异质性情形下,产业内出口规模对贸易壁垒引起的贸易成本变化更加敏感。研究也发现较之距离缩短,技术性贸易措施减少引起的贸易成本降低有更明显的贸易促进效应。 相似文献
3.
本文采用中国海关数据库和OECD编制的TFIs指数,从出口企业-目的地层面分析了出口目的地贸易便利化对中国企业出口二元边际的影响。研究显示:目的地贸易便利化的提升对中国企业出口额增长有显著的促进作用,但企业的出口增长是通过缩小出口产品种类数(扩展边际)、扩大产品平均出口额(集约边际)实现的。拓展分析表明:随着目的地贸易便利化水平的提升,小企业和加工贸易企业会更多地缩小出口产品种类;低收入经济体贸易便利化提升对中国企业出口扩展边际的消极影响更大。据此,企业应专业化、规模化地生产有比较优势的产品,不断提升自身生产率,积极应对贸易便利化带来的机遇和挑战。 相似文献
4.
根据HS八分位将钢铁行业分为204类产品,并利用我国与168个国家(地区)的16748个出口数据将出口分解为广度边际(EM)、集约边际(IM)、价格因子(P)和数量因子(X),从二元边际的角度分析我国钢铁产品出口增长的途径,实证表明:集约边际对钢铁出口增长的作用大于广度边际,国家间出口的差异来源于数量因子,而价格因子的国家间差异较小;此外,经济规模、经济发展水平以及贸易成本对出口边际影响显著,但影响程度具有差异性. 相似文献
5.
Vibhas Madan 《International Trade Journal》2013,27(2):169-199
This article examines the impact of transfer-price effects on the interaction between a multinational firm and a domestic duopolist in the presence of resale-price restraints. The transfer-price effects have a direct impact on the strength of the strategic relationship between the multinational firm and the domestic firm. The transfer-price effect may give rise to an \"anti-protective\" tariff increase, wherein an increase in the tariff rate increases optimal host-country sales of the multinational firm and reduces the optimal sales level of the domestic firm. These results are valid with Cournot quantity-competition as well as a Stackleberg duopoly with either firm as the leader. 相似文献
6.
Robin Visser 《The World Economy》2019,42(1):197-225
This study addresses current gaps in the empirical literature regarding the effect of diplomatic representation on trade using a panel data set for 100 countries with 5‐year interval data from 1985 to 2005 and four‐digit level industry data. The results indicate that the effect of diplomatic representation on exports in differentiated goods is positive and significant and larger than on exports in homogeneous goods on average, but not statistically different from it. Furthermore, diplomatic representation only increases trade along the extensive margin and not along the intensive margin. The results indicate that diplomatic representation is effective in performing its function as a network search intermediary and that it is a useful policy tool to alleviate market failure. 相似文献
7.
近十几年来,全球贸易量取得了惊人的跨越式增长,而自由贸易与环境的关系问题也日趋尖锐。一方面,许多发达国家利用不对等的贸易和投资手段从发展中国家攫取大量战略性资源,却造成这些国家境内生态环境的严重失调;另一方面,一味地追求贸易扩张、资金积累和工业化又实际加剧了全球环境的恶化。环境效应对贸易的挤压性制约日益上升为国际贸易发展的焦点。在此背景下,引入环境变量,促进贸易策略的可持续性便成为实现我国对外贸易科学发展的必然之路。 相似文献
8.
Maggie Xiaoyang Chen John S. Wilson Tsunehiro Otsuki 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(4):501-523
Standards and technical regulations set in importing countries have become a rising concern to exporters, especially to those in developing countries. This paper examines the importance of various types of standards in developing-country firms' export decisions. Drawn from the World Bank Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Survey database, we find that different types of standards exhibit sharply distinct relations with firms' intensive and extensive margins of exports. Quality standards are positively correlated not only with firms' average export volume across markets and products but also their export scope, measured by the number of export markets and products. A similar relationship is found between labeling requirements and export scope. Certification procedures, however, are associated with a significant decline in the number of export markets and export products. Our results suggest that different approaches should be taken to address each type of technical regulations. Not all standards need to be negotiated away to boost trade, but negotiations on certification procedures with the aim of reaching Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) can help firms improve economies of scale and scope. 相似文献
9.
以周边国家为基础加快实施自由贸易区战略是未来中国对外经济政策的重点.本文使用CEPII-BACI数据库1995～2012年中国对东盟各国的HS-6位数产品的出口贸易数据,探究了中国—东盟自贸区建立前后中国对东盟出口的二元边际结构及其决定因素.研究发现,中国对东盟的出口以集约边际为主,但自贸区的成立有效地促进了扩展边际的提升;中国—东盟自贸区对二元边际都有促进作用,但对集约边际的影响更大.结果表明,中国的自贸区战略仍处于浅度一体化的阶段,应该提高合作水平,向深度一体化发展. 相似文献
10.
Ferike Thom;Alexander Gocht;Harald Grethe; 《The World Economy》2024,47(5):2094-2121
Recent disruptions in international trade have had significant impacts on consumers and producers worldwide and stemmed from various reasons. This study aims to identify key vulnerabilities in EU agriculture by examining an import stop on food and feed products. By conducting this stylised simulation using a global PE model (CAPRI), the authors analyse the adjustment mechanisms within the sector, investigate regional differences within the EU and test the model's ability to depict such a comprehensive scenario. The findings suggest that oilseeds are most affected by an import stop due to their high import share. Meat is indirectly impacted as it relies on imported soy for animal feed, whereas other products with high self-sufficiency levels are hardly affected. In response to the import stop, EU production expands, increasing nitrogen surpluses, particularly in regions already facing critical levels. Meat production partially moves out of the EU, increasing global GHG emissions. EU consumers are negatively affected by increased prices, leading to an overall welfare decrease in the EU with exceptions for few member states. Alongside EU imports, exports decrease, affecting prices and welfare outside the EU. In the least developed countries, prices increase especially for products that are already consumed less than recommended. 相似文献
11.
《The World Economy》2018,41(1):262-286
This paper examines the extent to which non‐tariff measures (NTM s) are set for protectionist purposes. Our main focus is on developing countries. Overall results show that NTM s reflect protectionist forces, in particular for those that have been subject to trade concerns at the World Trade Organization (WTO ). For the other measures, there is no evidence that protectionism is the driving force behind their adoption, suggesting that their determinants may be associated with legitimate goals such as consumer health and safety. Furthermore, transnational lobbying, defined as the participation of national business groups at the Ministerial Conferences—the highest authority of the WTO —is positively associated with the probability of adopting NTM s. 相似文献
12.
This article uses cointegration and error-correction models to analyze the causal relationship between agricultural export diversification and economic growth in eight selected Caribbean countries using annual data from 1961 to 2000. The empirical results show that in the short run, agricultural export diversification Granger causes economic growth in Barbados and Belize. Noncausality exists for the other countries. In the long run, agricultural export diversification also Granger causes economic growth in the Dominican Republic. On the contrary, agricultural export diversification is the outcome of the economic growth process in Belize, Costa Rica, Haiti, and Jamaica, in the long run. Noncausality exists in Trinidad and Tobago. There is no evidence of bi-directional causality in any of the countries in either the short or long run. 相似文献
13.
李玉 《商业经济(哈尔滨)》2009,(4)
目前,我国许多高校过分的注重国际贸易的理论课程,而轻视实验和实践教学环节,致使毕业生理论与实践严重脱节.高校必须对国际贸易专业的实验和实践教学进行改革.应采用多种方式和手段.建立综合性的国际贸易模拟实验室和校外实习实训基地;创建有利于学生能力、素质培养的多种考查手段相结合的考核体系;建立双师型师资队伍;加强实践教学的力度,注重提高实践能力,以培养出具备较强的实践能力的国际贸易人才. 相似文献
14.
《The World Economy》2018,41(1):59-76
Empirical results on the links between trade openness and economic growth often suggest that, in the long run, more outward‐oriented countries register better economic growth. However, a similar level of trade openness can hide different types of trade structures. The aim of this paper was to enrich the way of measuring trade openness taking into account two different dimensions of countries’ integration in world trade: export quality and export variety. Based on the estimation of an endogenous growth model on a panel of 169 countries between 1988 and 2014 using a generalised method of moments estimator, our results confirm that countries exporting higher quality products and new varieties grow more rapidly. More importantly, we find a non‐linear pattern between the export ratio and the quality of the export basket, suggesting that openness to trade may impact growth negatively for countries which are specialised in low‐quality products. A non‐linear relationship between export variety, the export ratio and growth is also found, suggesting that countries increasing their exports will grow more rapidly after reaching a certain degree of the extensive margin of exports. 相似文献
15.
Anh T. N. Nguyen 《The World Economy》2019,42(9):2649-2667
This study investigates determinants of bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) on both margins, the extensive margin (whether to invest) and the intensive margin (how much to invest), based on the recent structural gravity model for FDI developed by Anderson et al. (Trade and investment in the global economy. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, 2017). I examine a global data set comprised of 110 countries over 9 years, 2004–12. Apart from conventional gravity variables, the source country's technology capital shows a significant and positive impact on both FDI margins. Bilateral investment treaties play a significant role only in determining the extensive margin. Results on FDI stocks and FDI flows can lead to different conclusions; thus, research should consult both types of data series to find which variables have robust effects. Furthermore, breaking down the sample by country development levels reveals that FDI from less‐developed countries (LDCs) is not affected by many common variables, and thus, there is a need to develop more theories and empirical work to investigate the FDI from LDCs in particular. 相似文献
16.
近年来,中国企业面临的贸易纠纷在数量和类型上都不断增多,这既是国际贸易发展的必然产物,也与中国外贸出口结构、层次和体制等特殊因素有关。相关企业针对不同贸易纠纷类型案例应当采取相应策略,应对反倾销类贸易纠纷,企业应积极应诉,配合调查,以加拿大对华复合木地板反倾销案为例,广东公司的应诉抗辩和合作意识是其成功的关键。应对保障措施类贸易纠纷,以美国钢铁保障案为例,企业及政府应当有效利用WTO的争端解决机制,创造磋商机会,采取适度保障措施维护自身利益。应对技术性贸易壁垒类纠纷,以温州打火机应对欧盟TBT案为例,生产企业充分发挥协会组织力量,联合海外进口代理商,加强自身建设和技术升级的成功经验值得借鉴。 相似文献
17.
18.
进入后危机时代,世界经济中仍存在诸多不确定、不稳定因素。各国为刺激经济增长和保护就业,贸易保护主义再次风行,且呈现出新特点,致使全球经济进入贸易摩擦高发期。应充分发挥政府主导地位,维护我国企业利益;提高出口产品质量,促进产品升级换代;企业应协同作战,积极应诉;推进经济一体化,构建和谐的经贸关系,以积极应对国际贸易保护主义。 相似文献
19.
Maria Persson 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(5):658-693
The literature on trade facilitation has mostly focused on implications for trade volumes. However, recent theoretical contributions have emphasized that trade costs – such as transaction costs related to cross-border trade procedures – affect both the traded volumes of ‘old’ goods (the intensive margin) and the range of traded goods (the extensive margin). This article therefore tests whether trade facilitation affects the extensive margin by counting the number of 8-digit products that are exported from developing to EU countries, and using this as the dependent variable in an estimation. Moreover, it also tests whether the extensive margins in differentiated and homogeneous goods are affected in the same way by transaction costs. Estimation results suggest that if export transaction costs – proxied by the number of days needed to export a good – declined by 1%, the number of exported differentiated and homogeneous products would rise by 0.6% and 0.3%, respectively. Policy simulations further illustrate that if all countries were as efficient at the border as the most efficient country at the same level of development, the number of exported differentiated and homogeneous products would increase by 62% and 26%, respectively. 相似文献
20.
随着世界贸易自由化进程的发展,关税减让,尤其是零关税协议成为世界各国关注的焦点.中国加入世贸组织后,利用五年的时间已基本实现了其"入世"承诺;非但如此,中国还与某些贸易伙伴签订了零关税协议,进一步降低了其平均关税水平.目前,中国的零关税机制仍处于发展初期,产生了一定的贸易创造效应,但中国仍需更合理、更策略和更有效地发展零关税机制,从而在全球经济一体化和贸易自由化的进程中获取更大的经济利益. 相似文献