The role of consumers in product‐oriented environmental policy: can the consumer be the driving force for environmental improvements?

In environmental policy, it is increasingly accepted that more emphasis should be placed on consumption and its implications from the point of view of the environment. Another relatively new feature is the focus on products. At the policy level, this perspective is known as product‐oriented environmental policy or, in brief, product policy. This approach is closely related to the idea of product chain thinking, which means recognizing the fact that environmentally relevant decisions are made at all stages during the products’ life cycle, from raw material extraction to consumption and beyond. Based on a Finnish study on product chain actors and environmental improvements, this article discusses the role of consumers in product policy (i) with respect to theories on consumer mecision‐making and (ii) in the light of product chain thinking. As consumers’ decision‐making models with respect to consumer products are most often based on heuristics simplifying the decision process, incorporating environmental considerations into these models is a challenging task for environmental policy.     

The diffusion of innovation theory and the effects of IFRS adoption by multinational corporations on capital market performance: a cross-countryanalysis

This article seeks to contribute to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) literature by examining the effects of adopting IFRS on stock market performance worldwide from the diffusion of innovation theory perspective. Our study revealed several interesting findings after using combinations of unique panel data sets from 110 countries worldwide and conducting a robust empirical analysis from 1995 to 2014. First, we found a positive association between late mandatory IFRS adoption and stock market integration in Europe. Second, our findings indicate a significant negative association between early IFRS adoption and the following financial indicators: stock market trading volumes, stock market capitalization, market turnover, and market return. Third, our study reveals an insignificant association between early IFRS adoption and stock price volatility alongside stock market development. Our findings are robust and have significant practical and policy implications for regulators and policymakers of multinational corporations.     

WTO争端解决机制在“贸易与环境”问题上的裁量标准——对“中国—原材料出口限制案”的思考

WTO争端解决机制在处理与环境问题有关的贸易争端方面已具备一定经验,但近年来,国际环境情势的变迁,使这一机制不得不考虑其作为人类事务逻辑链上一环的作用,认真审度"贸易与环境"问题的裁量标准,"中国—原材料出口限制案"或是一次挑战性的尝试。本案中,该机制既要依循WTO规则保障申诉方的贸易权益,也要考虑被诉方国内环境政策的目标和价值,为此,须着力解决好一些左右其裁量标准、进而影响其裁决结果的根本性问题。