经济顺向的逻辑:方法论的一种解读

转轨国家的经济改革与发展,就是要把曾经严重扭曲的经济进程中的思想和实践所产生的意识形态与方法论、所有制与财产权利悖论以及自发性秩序与人为设计的对立,转轨到经济顺向的、历史的和逻辑的进程中来.由此,本文主要探讨了在一种观念指导下传统计划体制的起源与命令性经济体制形成的过程,以及在另一种观念指导下所形成的市场经济基本价值观和主流经济学的方法论,重点强调了经济过程的自发性秩序理念.     

The Prosperity of Vice: A Worried View of Economics

Nearly four decades ago, Stephen Marglin explored the origins of hierarchy in capitalist production with a divide and conquer hypothesis based on the idea that the monopolisation of knowledge about production technology plays a major role in explaining how workers are deprived of control over the labour process. Nevertheless, this explanation has some shortcomings that Marx and Babbage had avoided. Those two authors provided a highly accurate and convincing interpretation of the division of labour that remains relevant. The present paper proposes a general synthesis of their analysis. Two points are emphasised: (1) the division of labour plays a major role in wage determination; and (2) the division of labour largely determines the form of subjection of labour to capital.     

Bounded Rationality in Economics: A Game Theorist's View

In this paper, we argue that it is essential to incorporate bounded rationality into game theory. Game theory has been applied to aspects of economics such as industrial organizati on on the basis of the naive interpret ation of game theory, which requires players to be ideally rational in an extremely unrealistic way. We stress the importance of establishing the perceptive interpretation of game theory by taking boundedly rational players' inductive reasoning processes into account. We explain my recent work, Matsushima (1997), which shows that the subjective games perceived by players in the long run are entirely different from the true objective game, and are trivial games in the sense that there exists a strictly dominant and subjectively Pareto-efficient strategy profile among the set of pure strategy profiles.
JEL Classification Numbers: C70, C90, D43, D80     

从经济学的发展看劳动价值论的争论

劳动价值论是由古典学派首先提出并由马克思加发展和论证的，随着社会经济条件的变化，西方主流学派建立了一整套新的价值理论体系，我们必须以科学的态度，从经济学发展的角度来发展劳动价值论。     

从经济学及博弈角度分析环境污染

环境资源是一种公共资源,是典型的公共财产,其特点表现为产权规定不明晰、外部性及资源配置的市场失灵,这些特性导致环境资源的过渡使用、环境污染、生态破坏。从博弈角度分析:环境污染事实上是囚徒困境;污染治理的方法是大型企业采取内部治理,小型企业通过税收政府集中治理。     

宪政经济学的国家观念研究

在经济学世界里对国家问题的认识可以分为不同的层次,文章通过对新古典经济学与新制度经济学的国家观念的检讨,重点从宪政经济学的角度对这一问题进行了分析,认为国家制度安排是经济增长的关键,又有可能成为经济衰退的根源.政府与市场之间并非是简单的互补或互替关系,宪政秩序是二者之间良性互动的平衡机制,也是"国家悖论"的制度之解.     

公平偏好对员工努力水平的影响——基于行为经济学观点的实证分析

行为经济学和行为博弈的一些实验研究显示,对收入公平性的判断是影响参与人的行为和分配偏好的一个重要因素。本文通过对我国不同地区保险代理人的问卷调查结果进行信度分析和回归分析,讨论了公平对待与员工努力水平之间的关系。研究结果表明,公平对待与员工努力水平之间存在显著的正相关关系,而这一点并不被传统管理者所重视。进一步得出结论,基于公平偏好的激励机制是改善员工的工作努力水平的一个重要手段。     

经济学立场的科技创新激励策略

从经济学立场看,科技创新的激励策略主要有知识产权激励、增加净收益激励、减少资金平均成本激励。只有不断提高科技创新的收益率,才会有更多的组织和个人投身于科技创新活动。     

从统计学的视角看实验经济学

实验经济学将实验的方法引入经济问题研究,是经济学方法论的一次重大变革,实验方法正逐渐成为经济学研究的一种重要工具。然而,由于实验经济学尚处于发展的初始阶段,对于经济实验的方法还很少有人进行深入的研究。文章指出,实验经济学虽然是一个全新的研究领域,但经济实验本质上是一种统计实验,应遵循统计实验研究的基本方法和基本规律。实验经济学可以借鉴统计学的研究方法,得到更大、更快的发展。     

An Institutionalist View of Development Economics

Pierre Bourdieu's field and habitus approach to the economy offers rich theoretical presuppositions of the interrelationship between social structure and agency, but they have not yet been sufficiently integrated into economic sociology. This article outlines the key theoretical assumptions of this approach in relation to those of the embeddedness tradition. Bringing the elements of field and habitus to the center of attention helps in examining how cognitive and historical factors matter for explaining individual action. It integrates different notions of uncertainty in economic literature into the discussion of the underlying action principles of the Bourdieuian approach. The study concludes that only a historical perspective which integrates social, structural and cognitive analysis can adequately explain the generation, reproduction, and transformation of individual action itself. The article sketches the broad conception of such a theoretical synthesis in the conclusion.     

以马克思主义的思维看新经济学

数字化和全球化是当代社会发展的两大趋势,预示着网络经济作为一种新的生产方式正在出现。传统经济学无法解释一些新的经济现象,但马克思主义却在150多年前给出了理论范式,经济学范式应该以马克思主义经济学为基础进行创新。     

An Ayresian View of Gandhian Economics

Economic waste stems from the abuse of power that interferes with the process of social provisioning. For Thorstein Veblen, waste stems from individual efforts to show superiority, corporate efforts to increase pecuniary returns without increasing industry, or national efforts to exert military dominance. For John Maynard Keynes, waste assumes the form of idle factories, unemployed workers, and unsold goods resulting from insufficient demand. From a broader perspective, waste results from the efforts of rentiers to increase their returns. Both dimensions of waste relate to the Fed and other central banks’ efforts to address the problem of social provisioning through the wealth effect. The ideas of Veblen and Keynes provide guidance for evaluating policy directed at enhancing the provisioning process. Based on Veblen’s ideas, policies should promote the life process and not conspicuous consumption. Based on Keynes ideas, policies should stimulate demand, increasing profits and, in turn, creating jobs.     

共享利益观:现代社会主义经济学的核心

经济学的核心是经济利益，经济学是研究生产、交换、分配和消费过程中经济利益问题的科学。自然科学社会主义理论诞生以来，社会主义经济学经历了三大发展阶段，采取了三种理论形态，即马克思主义创始人的经典社会主义经济学，斯大林模式为代表的传统社会主义经济学，邓小平理论为代表的现代社会主义经济学。与以往的社会主义经济学的利益观不同，现代社会主义经济学所倡导的是全体人民共享经济繁荣成果，“共享利益观”是现代社会主义经济学的核心。     

对环境问题的制度经济学分析

本文首先简述环境问题和外部性的关系以及解决环境问题的不同手段,然后论述了科斯等制度经济学家从产权角度对外部性和环境问题的分析及其局限性,最后对我国相关产权制度建设提出了建议。     

品牌进入次序优势的经济解释

作者利用品牌经济学理论和其“选择成本范式”的分析框架研究品牌进入次序的优势及其产生的原因。通过对一个简单模型的分析表明,“趋利避害”的消费者的选择行为将给第一个进入市场的品牌以持久的优势,原因在于该品牌降低了消费者选择行为的局限条件—选择成本,而后进入市场的品牌,由于转换成本的存在,将使其选择成本高于先进入市场的品牌,从而使其处于劣势的地位,因此后进入市场品牌的品类模仿成功的可能性大大降低。     

The Alleged Value Neutrality of Economics: An Alternative View

This paper analyzes bank lending activities for owner-occupied housing loan extensions to minority members of Mississippi’s population. We analyze data on housing loan applications and accessibility patterns among the minority Black population relative to the majority White population groups in the State. The study looks hard at data for evidence of any patterns of discrimination toward minority housing loan applicants. And a Probit model is applied to examine the relative importance of economic variables (such as employment status, income level, and credit rating) versus noneconomic parameters (such as geographical location) in the housing loan decision making of banks toward minority borrowers. The evidence from our comparative data analysis suggests that there is a consistently high denial rates for minorities, which is not explained by financial (economic) factors. The formal test of discrimination with the Probit analysis also indicates some evidence of discrimination from, at least, the standpoint of redlining practices, albeit only with a modest predictive power.     

The Psychology of Learning Economics: a Dissatisfied Economist's View

This article differs substantially from any previously published in this journal. Ellis relates research on the functions of the brain to certain aspects of economic thought, and discusses the implications of such research for the teaching of economics. His comments are bound to arouse a variety of reactions from the JEE's readers, regardless of which hemisphere of their brains they tend to favor!     

从经济学角度看“经济适用房货币补贴政策”的弊端

从经济学角度来看,经济适用房货币补贴政策不但会对普通住宅市场产生冲击,而且对单个家庭效用也不具有可持续性,同时还避免不了逆向选择和道德风险的问题。因此,经济适用房货币补贴政策的推行,利少弊多,应当＂慎用＂。