滨海核电工业区位价值与海洋综合贡献分析

滨海核电工业主要集中在东部沿海地区,“滨海式”布局特征明显。分析我国核电“滨海式”布局的区位价值,对优化电力布局、发展可持续经济具有重要意义。本文首先总结了我国核电布局的演进历程,剖析了核电工业滨海布局的内外驱动力因子,从经济价值、社会价值和生态环境价值三个角度,探究了滨海核电工业的区位价值,最后进一步探讨海洋对滨海核电区位价值的综合贡献,为发掘滨海核电工业的深层价值提供思路。     

基于生态文明建设的江苏海洋经济高质量发展研究

随着国家生态文明建设步伐的深入，江苏省生态文明建设在“263”专项行动等一系列措施的加持下，环境改善与监管、污染治理、制度法规跟进等方面取得了一定的成绩，既为江苏省海洋经济在规模扩展、结构优化、产业发展跟进与空间布局优化、资金投入与科技创新、海洋生态保护等方面实现高质量发展提供了有利的生态环境条件，又为江苏立足现有海洋产业发展条件，通过海洋生态产业化实现其海洋经济高质量发展目标奠定了坚实的环境基础。     

基于主成分聚类的我国沿海钢铁产业基地布局研究

建设临海大型钢铁基地,淘汰内地落后产能,以优化钢铁产业布局,这是我国建设钢铁强国的重要战略举措。文章从自然资源、能源动力、交通运输、市场需求、环境容量、人力资源、历史基础七个方面构建沿海钢铁产业基地布局指标体系,运用主成分聚类分析法对我国沿海10座备选城市进行综合评价,并将备选的沿海钢铁产业基地分为优势区、潜力区以及良好区三类加以研究。通过分析,论证了现有沿海钢铁产业基地布局的合理性,提出唐山、大连、宁波等地为钢铁产业沿海布局的最佳区位。希望研究成果对优化我国钢铁工业布局起到指导意义。     

岛屿经济对于推进上海海洋经济发展的重要作用研究——对崇明三岛功能定位的再思考

作为我国最大的经济中心城市和世界吞吐量最大的港口,上海近代以来快速崛起、迅猛发展的历史,是一部充分依托濒江临海的独特区位优势,以港兴城、以贸兴市、港城互动的历史。发展海洋经济是上海城市空间拓展,产业结构优化升级,实现“四个中心”发展战略目标的客观需要,也是上海更好地服务于长三角、长江流域乃至全国发展战略的需要。如何在新一轮的海洋开发中抓住机遇、谋求更好更快发展,是新世纪上海所面临的重要课题。     

绿色债券在海洋经济领域的应用分析

海洋经济的可持续发展是我国国民经济高质量发展的必然要求。绿色债券在海洋经济领域的应用能够促进涉海企业的绿色转型，实现海洋经济的可持续发展。因此，明晰绿色债券的重要价值，探索影响绿色债券在海洋经济领域应用的因素，对于改善我国涉海企业融资难困境，推进我国国民经济高质量发展有重要理论和现实意义。本文使用演化博弈模型，分析了政府、涉海企业和金融机构在绿色债券应用于海洋经济领域的行为要素，为绿色债券广泛应用于海洋经济领域并促进海洋经济发展提出了建议。     

科技创新促进中国海洋经济高质量发展了吗——基于科技创新对海洋经济绿色全要素生产率影响的实证检验

推动海洋经济高质量发展是建设海洋强国的必然选择。采用2001—2016年沿海省市面板数据,测算我国沿海省市海洋经济绿色全要素生产率,从线性和非线性角度研究科技创新对海洋经济绿色全要素生产率的影响。结果表明：总体上看,近年来我国海洋经济绿色全要素生产率呈先大幅波动后趋向平稳的状态,年均增长率为2.85%,海洋经济绿色全要素生产率增长主要源于技术进步指数而非技术效率指数;科技创新对于海洋经济绿色全要素生产率具有显著促进作用,有助于海洋经济高质量发展;科技创新对海洋经济绿色全要素生产率的影响存在单一门槛效应,越过门槛之后,对于海洋经济绿色全要素生产率的提升作用会更加显著。在海洋经济同样步入新常态背景下,必须坚持从要素和投资驱动转向创新驱动的海洋经济高质量发展道路。     

海洋创新驱动、海洋产业结构升级与海洋经济高质量发展——基于面板门槛回归模型的实证分析

通过运用我国11个沿海省份2006—2018年的数据,构建面板门槛回归模型,研究以海洋创新驱动为门槛变量时,海洋产业结构升级对海洋经济高质量发展的影响作用。研究表明:海洋产业结构升级能够显著促进海洋全要素生产率提高;海洋产业结构升级对海洋经济高质量发展的促进作用受到海洋创新驱动水平制约而存在门槛效应;外商资本投资水平、R&D经费投入情况均是海洋经济高质量发展的重要影响因素;南部、东部海洋经济圈中海洋产业结构升级能够有效促进海洋经济高质量发展,而北部海洋经济圈则较不显著。最后,从重点培育海洋高新技术产业、提升海洋科技转化应用能力、优化海洋创新驱动制度环境、促进海洋经济区域协同发展四个方面提出相关措施建议。     

面向海洋强国建设的粤港澳大湾区海洋合作：演进与创新

粤港澳大湾区作为我国引领区域协调发展和蓝色经济高质量发展的重要引擎，可为加快建设海洋强国贡献“大湾区方案”。粤港澳海洋合作在经历了“民生保障、互通有无”—“市场开放、互利合作”—“服务先行、双轨融合”—“机制创新、深度融合”四个阶段的演进后，呈现以合作区为载体引领海洋合作示范平台建设、以海洋科技创新为动力赋能经济转型、以互利共赢为基础促进海洋服务业融合发展、以绿色宜居为共识深化海洋生态环境共治等发展趋势。同时，也面临海洋合作制度成本较高、区域发展“多极共生”竞争压力、全球产业分工重构的“双向挤压”等挑战。未来深化大湾区海洋合作应从共商共建共治共享层面加强创新，全面建设蓝色经济伙伴关系，形成休戚与共的“海洋命运共同体”,扎实推进海洋强国建设，为人类文明新形态贡献“大湾区智慧”。     

海洋经济的结构分布与发展路径探析——以福建省为例

随着我国进入 “加快建设海洋强国”时代，优化海洋经济的结构分布，成为我国不断拓展海洋发展空间的首要前提。本文基于福建省海洋经济情况，利用SSM分析法，从地域和产业结构两个维度，探析海洋经济如何在7类主要海洋产业和全省6个沿海城市间进行优化分布。分析发现，福建省应优先发展滨海旅游业、海洋生物医药业、海洋船舶工业及海洋电力业4类海洋产业，同时，结合沿海6个城市在海洋经济发展的产业竞争优势，进一步确定该 4类优先发展产业在沿海6个城市中的空间布局。     

关于发展广西海洋经济的分析与思考

正21世纪是海洋的世纪,海洋经济是资源型经济、高技术经济、开放型经济、综合性经济,大力发展海洋经济是全世界所达成的共识。广西的海洋经济跟全国其他临海区域相比而言,广西海洋经济发展相对比较落后,所以,深入探讨如何加快海洋经济发展步伐十分必要。一、广西海洋经济发展的现状分析(一)广西拥有良好的区位优势及丰富的海洋资源。广西南邻北部湾,背靠大西南,是中国唯一临海的少数民族自治区,是西部唯一沿海的省区,具有得天独厚的     

企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研及对策思考

在对福建省企业诚信意识与思想政治工作调研的基础上,提出构建可操作的“三层次四模块”诚信意识培育新模式,推进人本化管理理念的渗透,加强人文关怀和心理疏导,以实现思想政治工作诚信意识培育的目标。     

中国经济的内外均衡与财税改革

我国经常项目持续的大规模顺差,给国民经济的健康发展带来一系列的不利影响。在前人研究的基础上,通过对各种影响因素进行分类拆解,本文试图从理论和实证角度说明长期的储蓄-消费失衡是造成我国贸易顺差的一个重要原因,而其背后的根本原因是由于企业可支配收入相对于劳动者报酬不断提高带来的收入结构和储蓄结构失衡。我国当前企业未分配收入大幅增长的原因可以归结为企业利润率"虚高"和国企"不分红"问题。只有从体制上解决这个问题,才能使储蓄降低到适当的水平,通过拉动内需消除我国过大的贸易顺差,从根本上解决内外经济比例失衡问题。     

Homogeneity and Heterogeneity Within and Across Boundaries and Shorelines: Ensemble of Darwin's Finches and Human Transaction Types

Synopsis: In the most famous example of the biological process of adaptive radiation, two forces explain the fourteen distinct species of Darwin's finches on the Galápagos and Cocos Islands: First, populations adapt to their respective distinct ecological environments. Second, previously separated populations come in contact and may adapt to mitigate inter-species competition. The result is a complex pattern of homogeneity and heterogeneity among the birds, both on a single island and across islands. This pattern reflects the finches' adaptations both to the distinct ecological conditions created by the visible shorelines that separate the islands' niches and to the finches' own less-visible cultural and societal shorelines. The New Institutional Economics highlights the fact that human institutional infrastructures also exhibit complex homogeneities and heterogeneities, as we adapt those infrastructures to accomplish the tasks at hand in distinct geographic and societal contexts. Mixes of both state enforcement and self-enforcement, through inter-temporal, inter-issue, and inter-actor linkages, provide support and enforcement for transactions; and those mixes differ across transactions and across states. When transactions occur across state or cultural shorelines, institutional infrastructures must be flexible enough to accommodate those differences, without allowing the differences to become disguised protectionism or barriers to competition. These issues contribute to many of the regulatory disputes associated with ‘globalization’. We briefly consider two concrete recent examples: (1) the European Union–United States ‘Safe Harbor’ Agreement that regulates firms' policies toward Internet-data privacy; and (2) international trade policy negotiations over regulation of ‘geographical indications’ (for example, Champagne or Roquefort) as means of assuring product quality for processed foods. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

森林资源规划设计调查总结与反思

森林资源规划设计调查是为国家、地区及森林经营单位制定林业方针政策,编制林业区划、规划、计划,指导林业生产而提供基础资源数据,为实现森林资源合理经营、科学管理、永续利用、持续发展,充分发挥森林生态效益、经济效益、社会效益服务。森林资源调查的任务是全面查清森林资源数量、质量变化及其消长变化状况、规律,进行综合分析和评价,准确提供所需有关森林资源调查成果资料。基于森林资源二类调查的重要性和今后调查工作顺利开展的需要,调查之后的总结与反思尤为重要。     

美国、日本产业政策:比较分析与启示

现阶段,在吸取美国、日本经验的基础上,我国产业结构调整应主要依靠市场机制进行调节,同时辅之以宏观政策,尽快使我国的产业结构优化,即产业结构的合理化、高级化。     

Classical and Neoclassical harmonies and dissonances

Abstract

Proofs are given that only singularly can real 1750 – 2007 competitive price ratios be ‘natural', in the sense of being invariant under changes in demand tastes. Proofs are given that both 1750 – 1870 discrete technologies or 1890 – 2007 continuum technologies, with convexity properties sufficient for arbitrage-proof supply-demand equilibria, will be ‘intertemporally Pareto optimal', immune to leaving any deadweight (inefficient) losses on the table. Sraffa (1960), ignoring the vast post-1945 linear and non-linear programming mathematical literature of Danzig, Kuhn-Tucker-Bellman, von Neumann, Ramsey literature does not quite arrive at attainable distribution solutions. Where it tolerates increasing or decreasing returns to scale, there can be no competitive equilibria. When its matrix equations do obey first-degree-homogeneous functions, the book's stress on Basics or non-Basics is an irrelevancy leading to bizarre novel interpretations of Ricardo.

Old age overtakes us all. Alas, Sraffs's proposed critique of twentieth century political economy we will never be able to know.     

Sen and Commons on Markets and Freedom

Amartya Sen's enlarged conception of freedom has augmented the scope of economic analysis but it also has had the surprising effect of being more supportive of the free market than conventional welfare economics. It is argued here that a comparison of Sen's position with that of the American institutionalist, J R Commons, highlights some problems with Sen's approach and points to possible ways in which they might be addressed.     

Globalization and taxation: Theory and evidence

We construct a theoretical model to capture the compensation and efficiency effects of globalization in a set up where the redistributive tax rate is chosen by the median voter. The model predicts that the two alternative modes of globalization- trade liberalization and financial openness- could potentially have different effects on taxation. We then provide some empirical evidence on the relationship between taxation and the alternative modes of globalization using a large cross-country panel data set. On average, globalization is associated with lower taxation but there is some evidence that in countries with high capital-labor ratio, globalization is associated with increased taxation. We make a distinction between de jure and de facto measures of globalization and find a strong negative relationship between taxation and de jure measures of globalization. The results for de facto measures of globalization are mixed.     

Finance and inequality: Channels and evidence

We provide a framework to interpret the recent literature on financial development and inequality. In many developing countries, access to funding and financial services by firms and households is still very skewed. Recent evidence suggests that poor access does not only reflect economic constraints but also barriers erected by insiders. Inequality affects the distribution of political influence, so financial regulation often is easily captured by established interests in unequal countries. Captured reforms deepen rather than broaden access, as small elites obtain most of the benefits while risks are socialized. Financial liberalization motivated to increase access may in practice increase fragility and inequality, and lead to political backlash against reforms. Thus financial reforms may succeed only if matched by a buildup in oversight institutions. Journal of Comparative Economics 35 (4) (2007) 748–773.     

The Performance of Public and Private Enterprise under Conditions of Active and Passive Ownership and Competition and Monopoly

Privatisation is driven by the belief that public ownership is cost inefficient, in particular under monopoly. However, some theoretical and empirical studies have questioned whether privatisation will necessarily lead to efficiency gains. This paper focuses on the impact of ownership when owners can be either active or passive. Active owners decide on output, whereas passive owners delegate this decision to a risk-averse manager. It turns out that managerial slack as reflected in the marginal costs will actually be the same or higher in a private monopoly than under public ownership. The impact of entry is theoretically ambiguous, but an increased number of firms in an oligopoly may lead to lower efficiency.