协同创新项目多阶段动态利益分配模型研究

协同创新项目作为协同创新的重要载体,其利益分配模式直接决定项目成效。现有关于利益分配的研究中考虑项目阶段性特征的较少,不能满足利益分配动态均衡的要求。将过程阶段思想引入利益分配,构建了三阶段动态利益分配模型：首先在考虑影响因素（创新成本、风险因素、综合实力）的基础上给出利益分配系数,然后根据创新主体满意度对其进行调整,最后根据综合评价结果确定最终分配比例。分析表明,分配系数随着内外部环境的变化而改变,以满足创新主体在各阶段的利益需求,可为协同创新项目的利益分配问题提供参考。     

中、美、俄与中东欧国家地缘经济关系的时空演变

中东欧地区是世界主要大国（中、美、俄）势力的交汇处,研究中、美、俄三国与中东欧国家的地缘经济关系对理解地区及全球的地缘经济格局具有重要意义。文章基于引力模型,构建指标体系,分析了中、美、俄三国与中东欧地缘经济关系的时空演变特征,并运用多元回归模型探讨地缘经济关系间的相互影响。研究结果如下：(1)国别对比上,中国与中东欧国家的地缘经济关系呈现出总体稳定、局部变化、稳步增长的特征;美国与中东欧国家地缘经济关系整体保持稳定,无显著的改善或恶化趋势,俄罗斯与中东欧国家的地缘经济关系具有显著的阶段性特征,且具有显著差异性。(2)空间格局上,中国与中东欧国家地缘经济关系呈现出均匀分布的格局,美俄两国与中东欧国家地缘经济关系均在不同程度上出现了“中心—外围”格局。(3)主体间相互影响上,中—中东欧与美—中东欧相互之间呈现出负相关,中美两国在中东欧地区一定程度上呈现出竞争态势,中—中东欧与俄—中东欧、美—中东欧与俄—中东欧之间不存在显著的相互影响。     

自然保护区生态旅游利益主体研究——以北京松山自然保护区为例

按照利益相关者理论,在自然保护区管理过程中,应强调管理者、当地社区、经营者、市民（游客）以至专家学者等各个关系主体之间的联系。本文运用利益主体理论的相关研究,根据对松山自然保护区的问卷调查、访谈、实地观察及相关背景资料的分析,确定松山自然保护区的管理处、游客、大庄科村村民、旅游经营者为其利益主体。通过解析各利益主体各自特点以及两两利益主体之间的关系,为松山自然保护区的管理提出优化建议：理顺管理体制,提高管理效率;管理者与旅游经营者进一步合作,规范经营环境;当地居民参与旅游开发;以生态旅游资源为基础,树立保护区形象;以高质量服务赢得游客,用高级管理人才实现景区高效运作;管理处充分行使协调功能,各利益主体协作共事等。     

北极通航背景下中欧海运航线的时空格局

受气候变暖影响,北极冰层加速消融,这意味着我国利用北极航道加强与欧洲的贸易往来指日可待。这一变化,打破了我国与欧洲海上运输主要依赖以苏伊士运河为咽喉的传统航线的地理格局,展现了新的地缘经济前景。利用GIS工具及复杂网络理论等分析方法,从地理环境、通航条件、经济成本和地缘格局出发,研究了北极航线的地缘特征和地缘经济联系的特点。结果表明:(1)在地缘特征上,中欧之间的海上运输通道经北极航线较传统航线在距离上可缩短20%~30%,在船舶航行时间上减少10~15天,地缘经济联系更为密切。(2)在地缘经济联系方面,将运输货物节省的时间价值综合到航运成本后,中欧之间经北极航线运输的经济性要好于传统航线;新通道的加入使中欧之间的互联互通性明显提高,大大增强了我国海上国际通道的可靠性和安全性。这对于推进我国建设21世纪"海上丝绸之路"愿景具有深远影响。     

论旅游经济利益的外力创造

１引言旅游经济利益是指旅游这种能够满足人类主体需要（自觉行为）的客观对象（旅游活动）体系在实现过程中的功能和作用。其效用的高低直接关系到旅游业的生存和发展。旅游经济利益全面深刻地表达了人们在旅游的生产、分配、交换、消费过程中所形成的经济联系和利益关系...     

旅游资源开发的利益协调机制研究

旅游资源的开发是一个涉及多个利益主体的高度整合的社会、经济系统，利益分配是旅游开发相关利益主体关注的焦点，如何协调各主体间利益成为实现旅游业可持续发展的关键。由于目前我国缺乏合理的利益分配机制，导致国有资产流失，开发商收益过高．收益与保护责任不对等，当地居民收益相对较低，居民与旅游资源开发冲突等问题产生。本文在对这些问题进行深层次分析的基础上，提出完善风景旅游资源开发利益分配机制的措施。     

利率市场化对不同利益主体的阶段性影响

我国利率市场化改革已处于最后的攻坚阶段,利率市场化必将导致资金价格的变化,从而对各相关利益主体产生不同的影响。本文分析了利率市场化对商业银行、企业及居民等各利益主体的阶段性影响。     

论海外利益与中国的地缘经济空间

全球化促使国家利益特别是经济利益越来越多地在国际层面上实现.国际政治的重心也从传统的地缘政治转向地缘经济.地缘经济空间对国家维护和扩展海外利益的价值正在凸显.中国也需要确立地缘经济空间的观念和实现途径,以维护海上运输线安全,保障海外市场的稳定,维护自己日增的海外利益.从当前和未来的发展需求而言,中国的地缘经济空间可以分为周边层次和大周边层次.不同层次上的地缘经济空间,有着不同的国家利益诉求和实现途径.     

基于面板数据的长三角城市群利益影响因素研究

长三角一体化的深入发展使区域内城市面临着复杂的利益冲突,以长三角21个地级市为样本,采用面板数据模型和聚类分析方法,分析城市群利益的主要影响因素。研究表明:市场化、政府行政垄断以及制造业因素促进城市发展;服务业与城市化因素相辅相成,需要结合各类城市制造业发展水平综合分析对城市利益的影响;生态环境因素对城市经济的影响与城市工业化水平呈倒U型曲线。     

利益非一致性的经济学分析

在经济活动中，各主体间利益不是完全一致的，它时常表现为非一致性。本文对利益完全一致性作了批判，并从经济理论和搏弈等角度分析证明利益非一致性客观存在的。文章还指出社会主义市场经济是实现利益非一致性最小化、有效地保证整体利益和个体利益同各实现的最优制度。     

The switchover to digital broadcasting in Korea

This study investigates the development of Korean digital TV transition by tracing the interaction between social and technological entities from various perspectives at different developmental stages. A socio-technical analysis examines the dynamic interactions among the stakeholders in the switchover to digital broadcasting, showing how the various actions taken by leading stakeholders affect diverse groups of stakeholders. The overall findings show that Korean digital TV transition is the outcome of a proactive strategy by industry stakeholders and the Korean government's top–down policy of supporting such a transition. It is argued that the policy of a top–down transition, which overlooks coordination among stakeholders, harms consumers and hinders effective and sustainable development. The case of Korea has implications for other countries that are pursuing digital transition strategies.     

The speed of adjustment of the actual to the desired money stock: A comparative study

This article examines whether there are significant differences in the speed of adjustment of the actual to the desired money stock among major industrialized countries. Demand for money functions, including a partial adjustment hypothesis, were estimated for the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan essentially over the period 1960–1976. The functions were tested for stability and found to be stable in most cases. The estimations show that, mainly with the exception of Germany and the United Kingdom for broad money, the speed of adjustment is relatively high. These results tend to support monetarist views. The statistical test for differences in the speed of adjustment revealed that only a few significant differences exist when narrow money is used. When broad money is used, howeever, the United Kingdom and Germany are shown to have significantly slower speeds of adjustment than almost all the other countries.     

How China Sees the Arctic: Reading Between Extraregional and Intraregional Narratives

In May 2013, China gained observer status in the Arctic Council, exemplifying its growing legitimacy as a regional actor in the eyes of the eight countries with territory north of the Arctic Circle. Yet since China remains an extraregional state without territory in the Arctic, Chinese officials continue to bolster their state’s legitimacy as an Arctic stakeholder through two spatially inconsistent but mutually reinforcing grand regional narratives. On the one hand, Chinese officials recognize the salience of territory and presence in the Arctic, underscoring their country’s “near-Arctic” location and polar scientific expeditions. On the other hand, officials depict the Arctic as a maritime, global space where climate change has potential ramifications for the entire planet. Significantly, these reframings are affecting intraregional states’ perceptions of the Arctic, demonstrating how a region’s territorial extent, symbolic meaning, and institutional form emerge through the ongoing conversation between extraregional and intraregional narratives.     

基于竞争态模型的中国FDI引进格局分析与战略选择

将竞争态模型引入FDI研究,并以2000--2009年中国外资利用情况进行实证。结果显示：①竞争态是分析外资引进变化趋势和特征的有效方法,能深人把握外资引进目标地的时空结构特征,有利于政府决策;②长期以来,中国外资引进竞争态格局结构基本健全,类型分布虽不理想但日趋合理,外资引进重心稳定于亚太地区和美国等;③未来中国外资引进目标地分为三级,第一级定位于亚太地区的香港、韩国、日本、新加坡、台湾和俄罗斯等,应将收获性和开拓性战略并举;第二级定位于美国和加拿大等发达北美洲国家,应实施扩张性战略;第三级定位于英、法、德、意、瑞士、瑞典、丹麦和荷兰等欧洲发达国家,应实施选择性战略;关于非洲国家外资引入,除政治因素外应采取撤退性战略。     

Mind the Gap! International Comparisons of Productivity in Services and Goods Production

Abstract. In this paper, we make a comparison of industry output, inputs and productivity growth and levels between seven advanced economies (Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and United States). Our industry-level growth accounts make use of input data on labour quantity (hours) and composition (schooling levels), and distinguish between six different types of capital assets (including three information and communication technology (ICT) assets). The comparisons of levels rely on industry-specific purchasing power parities (PPPs) for output and inputs, within a consistent input–output framework for the year 1997. Our results show that differences in productivity growth and levels can be mainly traced to market services, not to goods-producing industries. Part of the strong productivity growth in market services in Anglo-Saxon countries, such as in Australia and Canada, may be related to relatively low productivity levels compared with the United States. In contrast, services productivity levels in continental European countries were on par with the United States in 1997, but growth in Europe was much weaker since then. In terms of factor input use, the United States is very different from all other countries, mostly because of the more intensive use of ICT capital in the United States.     

中国参与北极国际合作研究综述

1925年 《斯匹茨卑尔根群岛条约》的签订，标志着中国开始参与北极国际合作。当前，北极问题正逐步成为一个全球性问题，我国作为近北极国家，北极地区的气候、环境的变化将对我国的生态、经济等各方面产生重大影响，我国参与北极国际合作刻不容缓。本研究主要从参与北极科研、经济、治理合作三个方面对已有文献进行整理分析，以对我国参与北极国际合作进行整体概述。可以发现，当前对北极国际合作研究的相关文献有逐年增长趋势，但对北极国际经济合作进行综合分析的文献并不多，随着冰上丝绸之路建设提出及《中国的北极政策》颁布，对中国参与北极国际经济合作的研究将会是以后的一个重要方向。     

SURVEY OF COUNTRY PRACTICES IN COMPILING BALANCE-SHEET STATISTICS

From a survey of the 150 members of the United Nations it appears that only one country could at present provide the full range of balance-sheet statistics called for in the United Nations guidelines on this topic. Seven countries could compile balance sheets confined to conventional types of assets and liabilities–excluding assets like consumer durables and mineral deposits. A further 31 countries presently publish some statistics on certain balance sheet items, but as the data have generally not been collected with a view to constructing national balance sheets they tend to be deficient for such purposes both in coverage and valuation. In other countries only rather trivial kinds of balance-sheet data are available, such as certain banking statistics collected by the central monetary authority for purposes of bank regulation.
A review of sources and methods shows that for financial assets and liabilities extensive use is made of company accounts and enterprise surveys. The estate multiplier method is used in several countries for measuring household assets and net worth. As regards producers' fixed assets, countries with centrally-planned economies generally take direct surveys of assets, while in countries with market economies the perpetual inventory method is preferred.
It is noted that many of the purposes for which balance-sheet statistics are used can be adequately served without constructing a complete set of accounts. To date balance-sheet statistics have therefore tended to be developed in a piecemeal fashion with priority going to those parts of the accounts whose uses for economic analysis are most obvious. Chief among these are statistics on the financial assets and liabilities of corporate enterprises and statistics on the stock of producers' fixed assets. These two areas also predominate in countries' plans for the future development of balance-sheet statistics.     

Classifying exchange rate regimes: Deeds vs. words

Most of the empirical literature on exchange rate regimes uses the IMF de jure classification based on the regime announced by the governments, despite the recognized inconsistencies between reported and actual policies in many cases. To address this problem, we construct a de facto classification based on data on exchange rates and international reserves from all IMF-reporting countries over the period 1974-2000, which we believe provides a meaningful alternative for future empirical work on the topic. The classification sheds new light on several stylized facts previously reported in the literature. In particular, we find that the de facto pegs have remained stable throughout the last decade, although an increasing number of them shy away from an explicit commitment to a fixed regime (“hidden pegs”). We confirm the hollowing out hypothesis but show that it does not apply to countries with limited access to capital markets. We also find that pure floats are associated with only relatively minor nominal exchange rate volatility and that the recent increase in the number of de jure floats goes hand in hand with an increase in the number of de facto dirty floats (“fear of floating”).     

Are the budgets of state and local governments destabilizing? A six country comparison

This study uses estimates of the annual impact of changes in state and local government budgets during the period 1955–1965 for six countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States. These, in turn, are compared with the GNP growth rate in order to evaluate the contribution to short-run stabilization.The conclusions are that the year-to-year impact of the state and local sector was substantially smaller than that of the central government; and this is true for countries like Germany and the United States, which have large state-local sectors, as well as for countries like Belgium and France, where the state-local sector is quite small. Also, the impact tends not to vary over the cycle as much as that of central government. Germany was the country where budgetary change made the largest contribution to economic stability, but the effects in all other countries except Belgium were also positive (albeit to a much smaller degree).     

"虚拟资本主义"时代世界经济格局决定因素辨析

决定当今世界经济格局的仍然是以先进技术为核心的综合经济实力,而非虚拟资本霸权;美国的虚拟资本霸权地位是建立在第三次科技革命所保持的强大综合经济实力基础上的;正像老牌资本主义国家英国,随着经济实力的削弱,伦敦的世界金融中心地位下降.应正确理解邓小平提出的金融核心论,明确金融不是目的,而是服务于实体经济发展的核心手段.