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Susanne Lohmann 《Journal of economic surveys》2000,14(5):655-684
Self-interested individuals pursue their goals rationally taking into account the constraints imposed by their environment and best-responding to the strategic behavior of other individuals: when applied to collective action, economic theory predicts undersupply.
Meanwhile, the behavior of masses of people is described as excitable, emotional, irrational, suggestible, hypnotic, disorderly, and unpredictable: in practice, it seems, collective action is oversupplied, and erratically so. The contagious and volatile dynamics of collective action appear to defy rationalization.
I conceptualize a social movement as a dynamic informational cascade. Turbulencies emerge endogenously from rational individual behavior. Disorderly mass behavior is a by-product of a powerful decentralized mechanism of information aggregation. 相似文献
Meanwhile, the behavior of masses of people is described as excitable, emotional, irrational, suggestible, hypnotic, disorderly, and unpredictable: in practice, it seems, collective action is oversupplied, and erratically so. The contagious and volatile dynamics of collective action appear to defy rationalization.
I conceptualize a social movement as a dynamic informational cascade. Turbulencies emerge endogenously from rational individual behavior. Disorderly mass behavior is a by-product of a powerful decentralized mechanism of information aggregation. 相似文献
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上市公司会计信息披露失真现象的经济博弈分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文针对目前我国上市公司普遍存在的向中小股东披露的会计信息失真的问题,运用经济博弈的分析方法对会计信息披露各环节的博弈模型进行了分析,得出了目前上市公司会计信息传递存在混同均衡的结论,较好地解释了信息披露失真的现象。 相似文献
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会计信息披露是全球关注的焦点之一,由于委托代理关系和信息不对称,企业中存在着逆向选择和道德风险问题,也由于经济后果的存在,因而有必要对会计信息披露进行管制即制定准则,实际上会计准则的制定就是各利益集团相互博弈的结果。本文就试图从信息经济学的角度对会计信息披露进行剖析。 相似文献
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食品安全信息披露的博弈分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
食品质量安全信息披露不足,导致消费者难以分辨食品的安全性,不能对市场中的食品产生信任。本文建立消费者与生产者的信号博弈模型并找寻了动态均衡路径,分析认为:食品生产企业要获得消费者信任并实现与低质量企业完全分离,必须披露更多的质量安全信息,同时高质量企业披露安全信息对企业有利。通过比较国外为获得消费者信任而加强食品安全信息披露的情况,指出现阶段国内食品安全信息披露的不足,提出引导高质量企业进行更多信息披露、加强信息沟通交流和落实信息披露机制的建议。 相似文献
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本文基于我国2002年至2004年的首次公开发行(IPO)市场,以经济租理论,规模经济理论,信号传递理论,代理成本理论和保险角色理论为指导,提出影响我国IPO公司审计师选择的主要因素。通过实证分析,认识我国IPO市场审计师供给和需求的关系及其发展规律,并针对我国IPO市场审计师服务的现状,提出引导市场增加对高质量审计需求的方法和激励事务所自愿创立声誉的建议。 相似文献
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产权、契约与审计--对审计本质的再认识 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文从新制度经济学的角度对审计本质问题进行了理论分析,试图得出“审计的本质实际上是旨在减少企业各个缔约方之间的信息不对称,从而降低交易费用,维护企业契约网络正常运行的一种特殊的契约”的基本观点。 相似文献
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融资约束是我国经济中的常态,而融资约束的存在制约了企业和地区经济的发展,股票发行上市能否有效缓解企业融资约束,成为我们关注的问题。本文选取企业上市前后的数据进行了初步的检验,结果发现,股票发行上市显著地降低了企业的投资-现金敏感度,而且这种变化并不能完全由企业上市前后财务状况的变化得到解释,由此,我们得到了上市有助于缓解企业融资约束的初步证据。 相似文献
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企业的资产质量是评价一个企业的重要指标,也是企业生存发展的重要保证。应收账款是企业的一项流动性较差的资产,分析应收账款形成原因是治理应收账款的重要前提,传统观点主要从扩大销售提高市场占有率方面对应收账款进行分析。本文结合经济发展的新形势从全新的角度对应收账款进行了分析,并据此提出了治理对策,以供探讨。 相似文献
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试论资本市场中自愿性信息披露 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在资本市场中,信息不对称问题的广泛存在,严重影响了资源的配置效率。本文从信息披露机制中自愿性信息披露的角度出发,分析了自愿性信息披露的动机、主要内容、可信性以及当前我国自愿性信息披露的现状和存在的问题,以期为解决信息不对称问题提供一个思路。 相似文献
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本文提出了现代企业公司治理结构中存在的主要问题,并结合信息化对现代企业以及治理结构的影响,分析了独立董事在现代企业中的地位和作用。同时我们从信息化角度说明,以信息技术为支撑的独立董事是解决公司治理结构中信息不对称的有效环节。并且对于现有独立董事制度的缺陷,提出建议用以完善现代企业的公司治理结构体制。 相似文献
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COLLATERAL AND CREDIT RATIONING: A REVIEW OF RECENT EMPIRICAL STUDIES AS A GUIDE FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Abstract. The relationship between firms and banks often suffers from informational opacity that may result in credit rationing. In theory, providing collateral to the bank can have a mitigating effect on these informational asymmetries and thus solve the credit-rationing problem. Even though collateral is already a widespread debt contract feature, recent trends predict that, in the future, collateral will become even more important for informationally opaque firms. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, we provide a review of the recently growing empirical research on collateral as a remedy for credit rationing. Second, we would like to pinpoint gaps and limitations in current empirical research. Most studies contend with a flawed research design by not distinguishing between business and personal collateral and excluding other information opaqueness reducing tools such as the strength of the relationship between borrower and lender, loan maturity and covenants. We also discuss the limitations of using a single equation estimation method and the usefulness of incorporating interaction effects into the estimation models. Finally, we provide suggestions for fruitful research avenues that would fill these gaps and enrich the empirical knowledge in this research domain. 相似文献
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基于信息不对称的企业人力资源风险分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
信息不对称是人力资源风险产生的重要原因,为了有效规避人力资源风险,企业需要设计出一系列的合约安排,来约束和激励人们的行为。首先,对企业人力资源管理常见风险进行分析;其次,分析了人力资源风险产生的原因;最后,提出了基于信息不对称的企业人力资源风险应对策略。 相似文献
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AbstractThe paper focusses on the reporting of climate change-related physical risks. Drawing on data from the CDP questionnaire for 717 European companies over three years (2011–2013) we find that information asymmetry is generally smaller when firms report about their physical risks. Furthermore, we find that reporting of a higher exposure to physical risks is associated with lower information asymmetry for firms falling under the regulation of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, whereas for other firms the direction of the relationship reverses. We can rule out that our results are driven by other climate change-related risk disclosures and by disclosures about opportunities arising from climate change. This study is not only relevant because it attests the materiality of climate change-related physical risks. Moreover, we show how a contextual factor – in this study: whether a company falls under climate change-related regulation – moderates the direction of the relationship between reported information and information asymmetry. 相似文献
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中小企业迅速发展已成为我国经济社会发展的重要推动力。然而,中小企业发展的最大障碍问题仍然是融资难。本文借助于金融缺口理论考察中小企业信贷约束困境,并从制度性约束和信息不对称视角,深层分析了信贷约束的原因,为化解我国中小企业信贷约束,应从融资制度安排上进行重点设计。 相似文献
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This paper aims to uncover the deterrent effect of external social ties on online peer-to-peer lending by extracting valuable information from the phone usage data. Contrary to the studies viewing online internal friendships as the signal of credit quality, we find that the total number of outgoing calls made in the month before loan requests is positively associated with the probability of default, which suggests that more social interactions offline mediated by mobile phones are more likely to signal poor trustworthiness. Only the features pertaining to the calls made during the morning for a given day have the potential as an effective predictor for the borrower’s credible social collateral. However, the online peer-to-peer lending platform studied by us fails to perfectly judge borrowers by their external social ties since the total number of outgoing calls generally has a negative relationship with the interest rates charged for funded loans. Overall, our work advances the understanding of the economic value carried by call logs in the context of disintermediated financial markets with information asymmetry. 相似文献
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中小企业信贷融资约束及其对策研究——从制度性约束和信息不对称视角考察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中小企业迅速发展已成为我国经济社会发展的重要推动力。然而,中小企业发展的最大障碍问题仍然是融资难。本文借助于金融缺口理论考察中小企业信贷约束困境,并从制度性约束和信息不对称视角,深层分析了信贷约束的原因,为化解我国中小企业信贷约束,应从融资制度安排上进行重点设计。 相似文献
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We examine the impact of independent director tenure on corporate transparency. Using a sample of 12,423 firm-year observations from 1997 to 2017, we find that corporate transparency increases in independent director tenure. The results are robust to various variable definitions and model specifications, providing strong evidence supporting the Expertise hypothesis that long-tenured independent directors are better monitors and advisors. We conclude that long-tenured directors benefit firms and their investors by enhancing firm transparency and reducing information risk. Capping independent director tenure is not always beneficial. 相似文献