分税制下的地方政府行为激励与房地产市场改革

本文分析了分税制下地方政府介入房地产市场的原因和影响;指出地方政府领导在财政收支压力和政治晋升压力的作用下,通过深度介入房地产市场获得经济发展的资金来源以缓解财政压力,进而获取政治晋升的机会;揭示了地方政府介入房地产市场对经济社会发展造成的一系列深层次矛盾,并最终拉动了房价的上涨。要改变这种局面需要为地方政府建立稳定可靠的收入来源,并对当前的土地出让制度进行深入改革。     

论市场经济条件下图书编辑的意识

在市场经济条件下,图书市场竞争十分激烈,传统的图书编辑意识和工作方法受到了严峻的挑战。要在出版领域有所作为,图书编辑必须顺应时代潮流,切实转换编辑意识,树立和增强与市场经济要求相适应的导向意识、市场意识、精品意识、创新意识。     

论市场经济条件下图书编辑的意识

在市场经济条件下,图书市场竞争十分激烈,传统的图书编辑意识和工作方法受到了严峻的挑战。要在出版领域有所作为,图书编辑必须顺应时代潮流,切实转换编辑意识,树立和增强与市场经济要求相适应的导向意识、市场意识、精品意识、创新意识。     

论私营企业的财务风险与控制

随着改革开放步伐的不断加快，私营企业异军突起，迅猛发展。对解决劳动力就业问题，繁荣经济，方便群众消费等方面做出了很大贡献。但私营企业财务管理存在种种不规范问题，也成为产生财务风险的主要因素，因此必须加强财务风险控制，才能促进私营企业的健康发展。     

Promotion Signals,Experience, and Education

This paper uses a nation‐wide representative survey of employees to examine whether more informative job promotions carry larger wage increases. In job assignment models with asymmetric information, unexpected promotions send a signal to the external labor market to revise upward their assessment of a worker's ability. The employing firm must then increase wages to prevent the worker from being bid away. Less educated workers are assumed to come from a group with lower average ability. Their promotion is hypothesized to induce a larger positive update of the assessment of their ability than the promotion of more educated workers. Promotions of less experienced workers, with less known about their abilities, should also result in strong signaling effects. We obtain regression results consistent with our hypotheses, although the size and significance of the estimates hinge on the promotion definition. Inexperienced workers gain more from promotions that entail new managerial responsibilities, whereas less educated workers gain more from nonmanagerial promotions. This sensitivity to the definition of promotion suggests that promotions reveal information on different dimensions of ability for different types of workers.     

Search frictions,real wage rigidities and the optimal design of unemployment insurance

In this paper, we study the optimal unemployment benefits financing scheme when the economy is subject to labor market imperfections characterized by real wage rigidities and search frictions. The US unemployment insurance financing is such that firms are taxed proportionately to their layoffs to finance unemployment benefits. Using DSGE methodology, we investigate how policy instruments should interact with labor market imperfections. It is shown that wage rigidities in a search and matching environment cause welfare costs, especially in the absence of an incentive-based unemployment insurance. This cost is mainly due to the distorting effect of wage rigidities which generate inefficient separations. We show that the optimal unemployment benefits financing scheme – corresponding to the Ramsey policy – offsets labor market imperfections and allows implementation of the Pareto allocation. The second-best allocation brings the economy close to the Ramsey allocation. The implementation of the optimal policies clearly highlights the role of labor market institutions for short-run stabilization.     

我国物流业管理体制问题及对策研究

我国是一个发展中的市场经济国家,市场经济的体系机制目前在我国还不够完备,在企业的运作上还残留着计划经济的影响,政企不分、行业垄断、地区保护和条块分割等现象仍然存在,法律法规依然不够完善。在此背景下,怎样才能协调好政府和市场经济之间的关系,认清我国物流行业现存的问题,如何排除各种行政性的障碍,怎么样才能为物流业的快速发展创造一个自由的氛围是值得深入研究的课题。     

Dualism in the German Labor Market?A Nonparametric Analysis with Panel Data

A bstract . Orthodoxy in economics gives pride of place to the hypothesis of compensating differentials. Applied to job quality criteria, such as wage levels, job stability, and wage growth, the compensating differentials hypothesis implies that negative or positive job quality characteristics should— ceteris paribus —rarely coincide. Originating in the late 1960s from studies of American inner-city labor markets, dualist labor market theory has raised doubts about this assumption. At its core, dualist analysis proposes that a dualism exists between a primary' labor market where "jobs possess several of the following traits: high wages, good working conditions, employment stability and job security, equity and due process in the administration of work, and chances for advancement" and a secondary market where jobs "tend to involve low wages, poor working conditions, considerable variability in employment, and little opportunity to advance" (Doeringer and Piore 1971). In the 1980s, there were several attempts to apply dual or segmented labor market theory to European economies, including the German labor market. The mixed findings of these analyses have cast doubt upon the transferability of dualist theory to these contexts.     

企业员工流动的讨价还价模型研究

目前,针对于企业员工的流动行为争议比较多,主要的观点是认为企业员工的流动会给雇主造成损失,违反了契约合意,所以应该加以限制。本文的分析表明,流动行为是企业员工在劳动力市场上的理性选择行为,是受到多种因素影响下的权衡过程。企业员工的流动行为能促进劳动力市场的效率,增强人职匹配质量,是一种互惠行为。所以,促进由市场机制自行调节的企业员工流动,对于整个社会及企业员工本身都是有利的。     

Career Exploration and Perceived Employability within an Emerging Economy Context

Following four decades of unprecedented economic, social, and cultural change, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) labor market is highly segmented: The native population is almost exclusively employed in the government sector, while the private sector is effectively outsourced to foreigners. This has created an unsustainable situation with growing numbers of young citizens reaching working age and with a public sector that has reached the saturation point. Policymakers repeatedly try to legislate to encourage private‐sector employers to hire citizens. These policies have had limited success. We explored the career attitudes of 2,267 United Arab Emirates citizens prior to their entry into the labor market. Using structural equation modeling, we found that the social contract and resulting expectations toward state employment have strong implications for willingness to work in the private sector. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Evolution of preferences and cross-country differences in time devoted to market work

I model the hypothesis that preferences evolve and permanent differences in individual attitudes towards work emerge between two countries characterized initially by identical preferences as a result of a period in which only one of the two countries is subject to regulations constraining labor supply, or as a by-product of different tax rates on labor income. Hence, the elimination of these regulations may not allow the economy thus deregulated to converge to the same hours of market work per person of the other economy, and the long-run differential in market work between economies subject to different tax rates is amplified.     

黑龙江省物流市场主体现状分析

随着黑龙江省产业结构调整步伐的加快,物流市场主体得到了快速发展。但是,由于黑龙江省是我国物流业起步较晚的省份,目前物流市场主体发育尚不完善,总体上物流市场主体的供需双方没有实现互相促进的良性循环。文章通过对黑龙江省物流市场主体现状进行分析,找出存在的问题,以期对不断完善物流市场、推动全省经济发展起到一定的积极作用。     

Accounting for labor demand effects in structural labor supply models

When assessing the effects of policy reforms on the labor market, most studies only focus on labor supply. The interaction of supply and demand is not explicitly modeled, which might lead to biased estimates of potential labor market outcomes. This paper proposes a straightforward method to remedy this shortcoming. We use information on firms' labor demand behavior and feed them into a structural labor supply model, completing the partial analysis of the labor market on the microdata level. We show the performance and relevance of our extension by introducing a pure labor supply side reform, the workfare concept, in Germany and simulating the labor market outcome of the reform. We find that demand effects offset about 25% of the positive labor supply effect of the policy reform.     

物流业与国民经济投入产出关系研究

为了更好的研究物流业与国民经济之间的互动关系,为制定相关政策措施提供参考,引入投入产出分析,来量化计算两者之间的具体影响关系。数据研究表明,无论是在宏观产业层面,还是在细分的行业层面,物流业对国民经济的前向牵引作用和后向推动作用都比较大,也是提高我国制造业水平和竞争力的关键环节之一。     

中国民营经济改革与发展40年：回顾与展望

改革开放以来,中国民营经济获得了长足的发展。40年里,民营经济经历了1978—1988年的萌芽和起步阶段、1989—1991年的受挫和恢复阶段、1992—2001年的调整和引导阶段、2002—2007年的促进和提升阶段、2008—2012年的冲击和成长阶段、2013年至今的转型和腾飞阶段,已经成为国民经济的重要组成部分、和谐社会的重要建设力量、产业转型的重要动力源泉、市场竞争的重要参与主体、科技创新的重要驱动因素。中国民营经济改革与发展的主要经验包括健康稳定的政治环境、科学合理的制度创新、卓越非凡的企业家精神、丰富有效的劳动供给、和谐共生的包容文化、多样频繁的社会互动。民营经济未来的高质量发展要重点围绕从小到大的规模经济、从弱到强的竞争优势、从表到里的公司治理、从内到外的跨国经营、从近到远的代际传承等方面展开。     

Deunionization and job polarization – a macroeconomic model analysis for a small open economy

Declining unionization rates and job polarization are two important labor market developments of recent decades. A large body of literature has analyzed these phenomena separately, but little has been done to see whether there is a link between them. We employ a macroeconomic model for a small open economy with a large input–output core to analyze how deunionization may cause job polarization. Our analysis shows that medium-skilled workers are negatively affected by deunionization, mainly as a result of the heterogeneity of the elasticities of substitution between different types of labor. While the elasticities of substitution between high- and medium-skilled labor are relatively low, the elasticities of substitution between medium- and low-skilled are relatively high. As a result, when deunionization leads to increased wage dispersion, we find that demand for low-skilled increases at the expense of medium-skilled labor, thus yielding a more polarized labor market.     

Health,economic resources and the work decisions of older men

We specify a dynamic programming model that addresses the interplay among health, financial resources, and the labor market behavior of men late in their working lives. We model health as a latent variable, for which self-reported disability status is an indicator, and allow self-reported disability to be endogenous to labor market behavior. We use panel data from the Health and Retirement Study. While we find large impacts of health on behavior, they are substantially smaller than in models that treat self-reports as exogenous. We also simulate the impacts of several potential reforms to the Social Security program.     

Sustainable development and circular economy: The role of institutional promotion on circular consumption and market competitiveness from a multistakeholder engagement approach

The transition from a linear economy to a circular economy (CE) is a real challenge to achieve long‐term sustainability. To push CE in the market, institutional promotion could become a key driver to positively impact both circular consumption and the competitiveness of the market. This paper analyzes the influence that soft and hard initiatives have on circular consumption and market competitiveness. Based on a survey of 1,281 respondents from different types of stakeholders, structural equations modeling statistical analysis was run. Results show that soft initiatives support the achievement of both objectives, whereas hard ones only influence greater circular consumption. However, the perception of the different stakeholders considered is very heterogeneous. It is indicative that not all institutional promotion initiatives are effective. Thus, institutions should guide, in an adequate and differentiated manner, their efforts to promote CE and sustainable development depending on the stakeholder they are targeting.     

TRADE LIBERALIZATION,LABOR DEMAND SHIFTS AND EARNINGS INEQUALITY IN SINGAPORE

This article investigates the relative wage between skilled and low skilled labor in a small open economy with traditionally few labor market rigidities. It looks at the role of relative skills demand and supply in determining skills premium and explores the extent to which trade liberalization affects the skills wage gap. Indications are that greater openness is linked to higher labor demand elasticity and/or technological progress. The evidence also suggests that rapid acceleration in labor demand for skills and trade liberalization has widened the wage gap between skilled and low skilled labor. This result persists regardless of industry type.     

Immigration, Labor Market Mobility, and the Earnings of Native-Born Workers

A bstract .   This article seeks to improve on previous estimates of the impact of immigration on native wages by using an occupational segmentation approach that directly controls for regional migration and other shifts in the native-born U.S. labor supply. The U.S. labor market is segmented by occupation in order to determine which, if any, native workers tend to be vulnerable to increased immigrant competition for jobs. The results suggest that native-born workers in the primary sector are the main beneficiaries of increased immigration, while native-born Hispanic females in the secondary sector are the most susceptible to downward wage pressures.