证券发行内核制度研究

自核准制实施以来，券商在转变承销业务观念和完善内核制度等方面取得了实质性的进展，但同时仍存在着一些亟待解决的问题。如内核工作流于形式，申报材料不能如实反映所推荐企业的情况，推荐企业的经营不稳定，上市后即出现亏损或业绩滑坡等。     

券商承销业务评价体系研究

对承销商的承销业务进行考评，是成熟市场国家监管市场主体的一项主要内容。中国证监会于2000年7月发布《信誉主承销商考评试行办法》，标志着对承销商的考评进入实施阶段。在《办法》中，证监会授权证券业协会负责组织考评的日常工作。此后，证券业协会制订了详尽的考评指标体系和计分、积分办法，针对主承销商的承销业务考评体系初步构建成形。今年3月核准制正式运行以后，现行的考评体系表现出很多的不适应性。     

Determinants of Underwriting Fees by New Entrant Banks: Evidence from the Japanese IPO Underwriting Market

This research investigates how banks expand market share after entering the underwriting market by examining the relation between commercial bank equity investments and underwriting fees. First, we find that not only bank underwriters with private information about issuers but also those without private information discount their fees, especially for smaller and riskier firms. This result is robust when using multiple firm‐bank relationship measures or when changing the investing stage. This is consistent with the strategic discount view that predicts that bank underwriters discount fees to expand bank market shares in underwriting markets.     

Underwriting lethal genetic diseases

There are thousands of single gene deposits that cause increased morbidity or mortality risks. Few have complete penetrance leading to certain death. Most can be underwritten with affordable increases in premium; many at standard rates. As we learn more about penetrance for specific mutations we can learn to be more aggressive in underwriting inherited risks. I have described approaches to underwriting untested applicants to Huntington disease, and tested applicants who carry dominant mutations leading to breast, ovarian and colon cancer.     

Underwriting idiopathic interstitial lung diseases

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) incorporates a large number of pathologic processes that have in the interstitial compartment of the lung. This article focuses on the diagnosis, morbidity and mortality implications of persons diagnosed with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias/fibrosis. Even within this category, the mortality and morbidity varies greatly (from months to near-normal mortality) given the specific disease present.     

Distance Still Matters: Evidence from Municipal Bond Underwriting

Using a sample of municipal bond offerings, I find that "local"investment banks have substantial comparative and absolute advantagesover nonlocal counterparts-–locals charge lower fees andsell bonds at lower yields. Local investment banks’ strongestcomparative advantage is at underwriting bonds with higher creditrisk and bonds not rated by rating agencies. These findingssuggest that high-risk bonds and nonrated bonds are more difficultto evaluate and market, and that investment banks with a localpresence are better able to assess "soft" information and placedifficult bond issues.     

浅析银行贷款项目评估中的不足

一、银行传统贷款项目评估中的不足 目前,银行在对项目进行贷款评估时,采用的是以现金流贴现为基础的决策方法,主要包括投资回收期法、净现值法和内部收益率法等,我们称之为传统的项目评估. 传统的项目评估方法主要建立在以下的一些基本假设之上:一是不同的企业拥有相同的管理能力和技术水平,都能够顺利地运作项目,项目的好坏是由项目本身决定,与管理人员的素质和水平无关;二是能够准确估价和预期项目在生命期内各年所产生的净现金流,并且能确定相应的贴现率或风险调整贴现率;三是项目在整个生命期内,投资的外部环境不发生预期以外的变化,市场条件和竞争状况严格按预定的方式发展;四是决策者只能采取"刚性"决策,即"现在投资"或"永远不投资";五是不考虑项目无形资产的价值.     

新股发行承销的风险及对策建议

国内券商应对新股发行承销风险，应当分别制定短期和中长期策略，密切关注发行政策的调整和市场整体市盈率的变化，做好拟上市公司的筛选。     

Underwriting the elderly: the utility of DWR, part II

Cognitive function is an important predictor of mortality in the elderly. Over the past few years, an increasing number of life insurance companies have incorporated screening for cognitive impairment into the underwriting process at older ages. Many different test instruments provide a measurement of cognitive function. Among these, the 10 word delayed word recall test (DWR) offers the best opportunity to study mortality directly, because of a long history of use in long-term care risk assessment. This article revises and extends a previous report published in the Journal in 2006 looking at the relationship between DWR score and mortality.     

Competing for Securities Underwriting Mandates: Banking Relationships and Analyst Recommendations

We investigate whether analyst behavior influenced banks' likelihood of winning underwriting mandates for a sample of 16,625 U.S. debt and equity offerings in 1993–2002. We control for the strength of the issuer's investment banking relationships with potential competitors for the mandate, prior lending relationships, and the endogeneity of analyst behavior and the bank's decision to provide analyst coverage. Although analyst behavior was influenced by economic incentives, we find no evidence that aggressive analyst behavior increased their bank's probability of winning an underwriting mandate. The main determinant of the lead‐bank choice is the strength of prior underwriting and lending relationships.     

Differences Across Originators in CMBS Loan Underwriting

There is considerable heterogeneity in the organizational structures of CMBS loan originators that may influence originators’ underwriting incentives. We examine data on over 30,000 commercial mortgages securitized into CMBS since 1999, and find significant differences in the propensity to become delinquent depending upon whether a loan was originated by a commercial bank, investment bank, insurance company, finance company, conduit lender, or foreign-owned entity. These differences hold both before and after controlling for key loan characteristics. We then explore possible explanations for these results. Reliance on external financing during a loan’s warehousing period—the period between origination and securitization—could explain the relatively poor performance of loans originated by conduit lenders. Also, despite the potential for engaging in adverse selection, balance-sheet lenders—commercial banks, insurance companies and finance companies—actually underwrote higher-quality loans.     

The Satellite Insurance Market and Underwriting Cycles

This research analyses whether underwriting cycles are present in an important but often overlooked line of insurance, satellite insurance. Unlike previous underwriting cycle studies, this study uses rates-on-line and capacity devoted to satellite insurance as well as loss ratios to determine the applicability of cycles. The sample period encompasses virtually the entire history of the satellite insurance industry, 1968–2010. The results indicate that cycles are present in the minimum and average rates-on-line and in capacity, but not the loss ratio. Regression analysis is carried out on the rate-on-line and capacity variables, and the regression results support the rational expectations/institutional intervention hypothesis and the capacity constraint (capital shock) hypothesis.     

Evidence of Early-Mover Advantages in Underwriting Spreads

I use a sample of 2370 public security offerings, comprising 64 financial security innovations and 4 traditional securities, to examine how investment banks are compensated for bearing underwriting risks related to new product development. I find strong evidence that underwriting fees decline as the innovation is widely adopted and competition enters the market, suggesting that underwriters be compensated for the additional risk associated with innovative securities. The data also reveal that underwriters seek greater compensation for security features that increase price volatility, which is consistent with the notion that underwriters value their position as a put option on the security. Finally, the inverse relationship between underwriting spreads and underwriter prestige suggests that larger, more reputable underwriters experience economies of scale.     

Underwriting Relationships and Analyst Independence in Europe

This paper examines the accuracy of security analysts’ earnings forecasts and stock recommendations for firms in 13 European countries. We document at least three key findings. First, we find strong evidence that lead and co‐lead underwriter analysts’ earnings estimates and stock recommendations are significantly more optimistic than those provided by unaffiliated analysts. Second, we find that lead and co‐lead underwriter analysts’ earnings forecast and stock recommendations are significantly more optimistic for underwriter stocks than for those they provide for other stocks. Third, we also find evidence that these biases found within earnings forecasts and stock recommendations are not driven by one particular country. In short, these findings suggest that affiliated analysts are more optimistic perhaps to maintain investment banking relations.     

Effective Underwriting in the Genetic Testing Era

This paper notes that prior to the availability of genetic test results, conventional life insurance underwriting had produced satisfactory mortality results even though a number of applicants insured at standard or better must have had serious genetic markers. The paper discusses the problems that may affect underwriting when an applicant is aware of a genetic risk factor.

The paper suggests use of pre-genetic testing era underwriting methodology, including medical history and family history, with strict financial underwriting to control antiselection. A set of underwriting rules is provided. The need for a sales organization that can produce a substantial amount of business is cited as necessary for success.

To spread equitably any excess cost on account of insuring persons with genetic markers, a risk pool is suggested. The pool manager would also inform a company of additional applications to other companies by genetically impaired applicants.

The purpose of the proposal is to deflect ill-advised political solutions and, at the same time, to control expenses by ensuring a high ratio of paid-for policies to applications.     

On the Benefits of Concurrent Lending and Underwriting

This paper examines whether there are efficiencies that benefit issuers and underwriters when a financial intermediary concurrently lends to an issuer while also underwriting its public securities offering. We find issuers, particularly noninvestment‐grade issuers for whom informational economies of scope are likely to be large, benefit through lower underwriter fees and discounted loan yield spreads. Underwriters, both commercial banks as well as investment banks, engage in concurrent lending and provide price discounts, albeit in different ways. We find concurrent lending helps underwriters build relationships, increasing the probability of receiving current and future business.