Measuring research benefits in an imperfect market

Recent work indicates that the joint effects of intermediate input and final output tariff reforms on equilibrium in the differentiated final products sector are analytically ambiguous. This issue is addressed empirically for disaggregate, imperfectly competitive U.S. food manufacturing industries. The input tariff effect dominates in most industries, leading to increases in the number of U.S. firms and total industry output as a result of tariff reform. This provides evidence that the existing U.S. tariff profile discriminates against domestic food manufacturers as input tariff effects outweigh the protection offered by output tariffs. This conclusion is robust to changes in the degree of interfirm rivalry (monopolistic competition or cournot oligopoly).     

Measuring market power in the French Comte cheese market

A new empirical industrial organisation approach is used tomeasure seller market power in the French Comté cheesemarket, characterised by government-approved supply control.The estimation is performed on quarterly data at the wholesalestage over the period 1985–2005. Three different elasticityshifters are included in the demand specification, and the supplyequation accounts for the existence of the European dairy quotapolicy. The market power estimate is small and statisticallyinsignificant. Monopoly is clearly rejected. Results appearto be robust to the choice of functional form and suggest littleeffect of the supply control scheme on consumer prices.     

蓝靛果保健功能研究进展

蓝靛果忍冬是具有重要经济价值的浆果树种,它的果实富含活性物质。综述了蓝靛果在抗氧化、降血脂、预防肿瘤、防辐射、抗炎保肝等方面的保健功能,以期为蓝靛果资源的综合开发利用提供参考。     

Measuring market integration in the presence of transaction costs–a threshold vector error correction approach

Applied econometric analyses of market integration based on price data alone have been criticised because they neglect the role of transaction costs. To meet this objection, threshold vector error correction models are used. Threshold models can account for the effects of transaction costs in price transmission without directly relying upon information about these costs, which are often unavailable. It is argued that threshold models that are based on two thresholds provide results that are economically more intuitive than those obtained from one-threshold models. However, to this point no adequate econometric test is available for threshold significance in a two-threshold model; such tests are only available for the one-threshold model. In this paper a restricted two-threshold model is developed in which the significance of the thresholds can be tested. This model is therefore amenable to economic interpretation and statistical inference. The model is used to estimate market integration in the European pig market.     

中国水产品市场价格波动特征研究

文章基于2004年10月到2013年12月的月度时间序列数据,运用自回归条件异方差模型具体分析了我国水产品市场的价格波动状况。研究发现:我国水产品市场价格具有比较明显的集簇性;我国水产品市场价格波动受到前期波动的影响更大,外部条件的冲击对我国的水产品市场价格波动影响有限,高风险高回报的特征在我国水产品市场并没有得到具体的体现;但是水产品市场价格的波动率却存在杠杆效应,出现利好消息时,水产品市场价格指数的波动率的波动会减小。     

开发复垦,社会力量当分"一杯羹"

当前,国土资源管理体制改革正在积极推进,国家将允许社会主体及其资金介入土地整理开发复垦,国土资源部门一家独占的格局将被打破。但就目前的情形看,土地开发复垦仍是国土资源系统的专利,仍具有垄断经营的特色。除了国土资源内部单位,其他单位和个人都无法参与其中。从机构设置来看,从国土资源部到各县(市、区)国土资源局,层层设置了土地整理中心(或类似机构),这些机构基本上属于行政机关的内设机构。尽管随着国土资源机构改革的逐渐深入,有的土地开发复垦机构更换了名称,变成了具有独立法人地位的二级事业单位,但总体上并未脱离行政机关,…     

水产品市场研究进展述评与今后课题

水产品市场研究是水产经济学的核心内容,也是常青课题。从概念内涵以及基本论题等方面回顾中日水产品市场理论与应用研究现状,认为目前中国国内的研究成果取得了一定进展,为进一步的理论升华和应用拓展提供了坚实的根基,但同时普遍存在着应用研究多于理论研究、宏观研究多于微观研究、对策研究多于实证研究、定性分析多于定量分析、静态分析多于动态分析、实物量分析多于价值量分析、文献分析多于调研分析、现况分析多于预测分析等研究现象。因此,水产品市场研究在深度、广度和高度上均需拓展。     

提高渔业经济效益的几种措施

本文简单阐述了当前提高渔业经济效益的几种途径,并提出了提高渔业经济效益并不是单纯地改善某一方面就能做到的,而是一个复杂而系统的工程。     

Market power,market outcomes,and remedies in the UK groceries market

This article describes a number of the issues that played a central role in the UK Competition Commission's investigation into the UK Groceries Sector. We describe the questions at issue, the evidence collected to address those questions, and the conclusions drawn. We go on to describe the CC's remedies both vertically vis‐à‐vis the supply chain and horizontally vis‐à‐vis markets of high local concentration.     

投机力量主导下的粮价波动:来自期货市场的实证研究

投机是期货市场的常态,也是期货市场赖以存在和发展的基础.当投机因素与供求关系耦合在一起时,通常会形成巨大的期货价格波动,对实体经济产生冲击,最近.一轮粮价波动即含有这样的因素.对此,本文以郑州小麦期货合约为例,进行了相应的实证研究,并提出若干建议.     

水土保持综合治理措施效益分析--以浑椿河流域为例

工程治理措施、生物治理措施、耕作治理措施是水土保持综合治理的3项主要技术手段。在具体运用过程中,应当因地制宜、突出重点、扬长避短、合理配置。以浑椿河试点小流域为例,对3大治理措施进行了效益分析和评价,认为在当地的自然条件下,以雨水集蓄利用为主要手段的工程治理措施效益优于生物治理措施效益,生物治理措施效益优于耕作治理措施效益。     

Optimal management of a flammable forest providing timber and carbon sequestration benefits: an Australian case study*

In deciding to keep or fell a forest stand given its age, the risk of loss of timber through wildfire is an important consideration. If trees also have value from sequestration of carbon, another effect of fire is the unplanned loss of stored carbon. Factors affecting the decision to keep or fell trees, and how much to spend on fire protection, are investigated using stochastic dynamic programming, using carbon sequestration in stands of mountain ash in Victoria as a case study. The effect of treating sawlogs as a permanent carbon sink after harvesting is explored.     

高校利用资本市场融资途径初探

长期以来,国家财政拨款是我国公办普通高校办学资金的主要来源,随着高校扩招对资金需求的不断增加,公办普通高校面临的资金紧张日益显现,因此,高校如何拓宽融资渠道成了高校发展的重要问题。本文对普通公办高校利用资本市场融资途径进行了初步探讨,提出了公办高校利用资本市场融资的四条途径。     

中国海水贝类出口韩国竞争力分析

中国是世界上最重要的贝类生产国之一,是韩国的第一大贝类供应国[1]。论文以联合国商品贸易统计数据库1992-2014年海水贝类的贸易数据为依据,通过中国海水贝类对韩国的出口额变动、贸易专业化指数、出口渗透率指数和出口优势变差指数综合分析其在韩国市场的竞争力,结论如下:中国对韩国的海水贝类出口额变动与其在韩国的竞争力强弱之间并无必然联系;中国海水贝类对韩国市场竞争力整体波动下滑,五大贝类产业间贸易占优势,贸易互补性强;增强中韩FTA框架下中国水产品的竞争力需要两国共同努力。     

Estimating the costs and benefits of soil conservation in Europe

Economics is about problems of choice. In erosion control, both public authorities and private land users are faced with such problems. What is the impact of erosion, both on-site and off-site, and to what extent can this impact be quantified? If we conceptualize this impact in terms of sustainability, how can we compare one type of effect against another? The former question can be answered only by natural scientists, the latter by economists and other social scientists. Weighing different aspects of sustainability requires value judgments, and economists are sometimes accused of having a jaundiced view of reality, wrongly supposing that decisions are based on rationality and denying the importance of emotion.However, let us assume that there is some mileage to be gained out of attempting to estimate the cost of erosion in an economic sense—which consists of converting the various effects into a common denominator: euros. If we can predict the impact of erosion control measures on erosion rates, we can know the benefit of these measures. The cost also needs to be calculated, not in terms of money but in terms of resources expended (which could have been used for other purposes) and in terms of possible negative impacts of erosion control (for instance, increased use of herbicides in reduced-tillage systems).There are important other considerations which economists may study. Firstly, there is the comparison of present versus future costs and benefits: how much can we sacrifice today for higher sustainability tomorrow?Secondly, there is the issue of private versus public costs and benefits: how do the goals of private land users differ from (those of?) the public good, how can this help us to predict land users’ behaviour, and what incentives would be appropriate to make them behave in such a way as to maximize the public good? Thirdly, how do we deal with uncertainty and risk?These problems loomed large in a study to support an extended impact assessment for the EU Soil Thematic Strategy, in 2005. Whereas much research has been done on erosion and its impact, much of this is on a small scale. The extent of the problem on a national, let alone a continental or a global scale, is still poorly known. The paper discusses how these problems were faced, which is not the same as saying they were resolved.     

Measuring Excess Capital Capacity in Agricultural Production

We introduce the concept "excess capital capacity" and employ a stochastic input requirement frontier to measure excess capital capacity in agricultural production. We also propose a two-step estimation method that allows endogenous regressors in stochastic frontier models. The first step uses generalized method of moments to get consistent estimates of the frontier parameters in the presence of endogenous regressors. The second step uses maximum likelihood to measure excess capital capacity and evaluate the factors that influence it. The empirical application to Dutch cash crop farms found varying degrees of excess capital capacity. The policy implications of excess capital capacity are discussed.     

我国珊瑚礁鱼类市场的演变

论文通过研究我国的珊瑚礁鱼类市场,分析现阶段珊瑚礁鱼类生产、流通、消费相关国家和地区在产业链上地位的变化,探究影响产业演变与调整的因素,进而判断我国珊瑚礁鱼类产业的发展趋势.并针对珊瑚礁鱼类产业可持续发展所面临的挑战,提出促进珊瑚礁鱼类产业健康发展的建议.     

RSCP框架下我国渔业市场竞争力研究

渔业资源与渔业生态环境属于公共物品,渔业市场存在负外部性,市场失灵理论对传统的SCP产业分析框架提出了新的要求.本文构造了RSCP分析框架,从政府规制、市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效的角度对我国渔业市场竞争力进行了具体分析,并得出了相关结论,继而进一步探讨了提高我国渔业市场竞争力的措施:完善渔业管理制度,提高水产品质量安全,增强科技创新能力,实施品牌战略,加强渔业行业协会建设等.