制度经济学方法论

本文对制度经济学的研究方法作一完整,全面的描述。根据制度经济学的观点,习惯和规则在制度分析中十分重要。文章指出制度经济学并非只是定性地分析问题,它同样在经济分析中使用定量化技术。文章还详细阐述凡勃伦,康芒斯旧制度经济学理论中的核心范畴－习惯和制度,并指出当前十分时髦的新制度经济学中存在某些问题,应以旧制度经济学者的思想对两者加以整合。最后说明在经济分析中习惯和规则无所不在,制度经济学在创建之时就有     

经济学方法论

唐老师要我给大家讲一讲经济学的方法论问题。大家是学科技哲学的。我想也好，因为经济学是科学，给大家讲一讲经济学的方法论，还算是正题。我可能不能提高到哲学的高度来讲这个问题，我仅就经济学来谈经济学的方法论问题。不妥之处，你们批评。     

经济学方法论解构

经济学方法论是对经济学研究方法的哲学探讨乃至根本反思。在纵向结构上,可分为经济学的哲学方法论基础和各种具体方法;在横向结构上,又可分为马克思主义经济学方法论和西方经济学方法论等。社会主义中国的经济学研究必须坚持马克思主义方法论。改革开放以来,随着西方经济学方法论的引进与普及,马克思主义经济学方法论在中国经济学界的发展前景不容乐观。     

经济学的方法论:纷争及其后果

经济学是一门动态的鲜活的社会科学,它从不同的侧面反映生产力与生产关系发展变革的基本特性,为我们昭示人类经济社会进步的固有规律与变化趋势.从狭义的角度看,传统的政治经济学与自然科学有本质差别,它与生俱来就具有鲜明的"人文"特征,除了作为一小部分人"休身养性"的"艺术品"之外,它在很大程度上也担负着"经世致用"的使命.经济学的细分和日益规范化表明,经济学有没有充实完善的方法论,不仅是其成熟与否的重要标志,而且是它能否得以顺利发展的基本前提和必要条件.现代经济学的发展再也不可能回到古典的老路上去了,它的进步是一种方法论的进步.     

经济学范式革命的一种方法论模式和假说

论文提出了经济学范式革命在方法论上的一种模式和假说 ,认为经济学范式革命是在哲学本体论的启蒙、引导下 ,经济学家认识到旧范式的不足和局限 ,选择出新的有意义的战略方向和课题 ;从一定的价值标准和意义标准出发 ,选择、建构出与自己的战略方向相关的具有认识论意义的经验事实和理论问题 ;选择和创建出与自己所研究经济事实和经济过程相一致的、相和谐的数学工具 ,作为认知结构和创新手段 ;觉识、构想、设定一个在逻辑上自洽的、在经验上具有丰富解释能力和预测能力的范式 (研究纲领 )的“硬核”(基本假设 ) ,从而引起经济学范式革命和转换。对新的基本假设的反驳、批评和检验 ,推进着新的经济学理论框架的深化和发展。     

经济顺向的逻辑:方法论的一种解读

转轨国家的经济改革与发展,就是要把曾经严重扭曲的经济进程中的思想和实践所产生的意识形态与方法论、所有制与财产权利悖论以及自发性秩序与人为设计的对立,转轨到经济顺向的、历史的和逻辑的进程中来.由此,本文主要探讨了在一种观念指导下传统计划体制的起源与命令性经济体制形成的过程,以及在另一种观念指导下所形成的市场经济基本价值观和主流经济学的方法论,重点强调了经济过程的自发性秩序理念.     

生态经济学的方法论

基于生态经济学和新古典经济学之间存在的历史渊源和理论差别,研究生态经济学的方法论,可以从其区别于新古典经济学方法的角度予以解析.生态经济学的方法论是多学科、多技术集成下的综合性方法,具有价值多元论、生态人假定、边际分析的替代性方法、不确定性的独特解决路径、市场价值和社会选择的严格区分、生产本质的新界定等特征.     

新制度经济学方法论论略

新制度经济学在新古典经济学的假设基础上加以修正和拓宽,主要表现在制度内生、有限理性、交易成本为正、局部均衡等方面。新制度经济学方法论的特点是:既是证伪的又是证实的、个人主义兼有制度主义、社会进化论而非历史唯物主义、推崇案例研究方法、既强调自然秩序观又强调演化等。但从本质来说,新制度经济学的假设论和方法论并未脱离新古典的理念。     

Industrial policy revisited: a new structural economics perspective

Whether or not governments should play a facilitating role in economic development has long been a topic for economic discourse and research. As an important instrument to promote economic development, throughout history even to the present, industrial policy is often and actively used by governments. Much controversy surrounds whether and how governments should implement industrial policy.In this article, failures and successes of implementing such policies are analyzed through a new structural economics perspective. Specifically, the article argues that (1) sector-targeted industrial policy is essential to achieve dynamic structural change and rapid, sustained growth in an economy; (2) most industrial policies fail because they target industries that are not compatible with the country’s comparative advantages; (3) successful industrial policy should target industries that reflerct the country’s latent comparative advantages; (4) historical experiences show that in the catching-up stage, the industrial policies of successful countries, in general, have targeted the industries in countries with a similar endowment structure and somewhat higher per capita income; and (5) the Growth Identification and Facilitation Framework (GIFF), based on new structural economics, is a new, effective way to target latent comparative-advantage industries and support their growth.     

The Washington Consensus revisited: a new structural economics perspective

The Washington Consensus reform resulted in economic collapse and stagnation in many transition economies and “lost decades” in other developing countries in 1980s and 1990s. The paper provides a new structural economics perspective of such failures. The Washington Consensus reform failed to recognize that many firms in a transition economy were not viable in an open, competitive market because those industries went against the comparative advantages determined by the economy’s endowment structure. Their survival relied on the government’s protections and subsidies through various interventions and distortions. The Washington Consensus advised the government to focus their reforms on issues related to property rights, corporate governance, government interventions, and other issues that may obstruct a firm’s normal management. Without resolving the firms’ viability problem, such reforms led to the firms’ collapse and an unintended decline and stagnation of the economy in the transition process. This paper suggests that the viability assumption in neoclassical economics be relaxed when analyzing development and transition issues in socialist, transition, and developing economies.     

Resolving the impasse on hospital scale economics: a new approach

The existence of scale economies in hospitals in important for both public and managerial policy, yet production and cost function studies have found conflicting evidence. More recently, more sophisticated studies have typically found scale diseconomies, which is inconsistent with the views of industry participants and observers. In the early 1980s. California deregulated both private and public health insurance (Medical), which provides a natural laboratory for examining hospital efficiency. Using Stigler's original and multivariate survivor analysis, we resolve the conflict in favour of scale economies, and reconcile the controversy. The survivorship methodology in simple to apply, and a useful tool in conjunction with statistical cost and production studies.     

住房的政治经济学:国际政治经济学的一个新视界

住房的政治经济学是欧美近年刚刚出现的研究领域,主要以比较政治经济学和国际政治经济学,特别是日常政治经济学作为理论基础,重新对住房金融制度、住房政策体系和住房市场进行审视。住房政治经济学为分析住房政策和当前的金融危机提供了不同的视角,并得出新的结论。这些视角和结论对中国发展和社会改革具有启示意义。本文按照主要议题、运行机制和理论基础对住房政治经济学研究进行了解读,并从时代背景、理论建构、逻辑关系和研究视角四个方面对住房政治经济学的发展方向和不足之处进行了剖析。最后讨论了住房政治经济学研究对当前中国的现实启示。     

马克思失业理论与西方经济学失业理论:一个新的综合

马克思失业理论与古典经济学失业理论、凯恩斯失业理论、货币主义失业理论、新古典经济学失业理论尽管存在差别,但也存在相当程度的一致性.正是二者的一致性与差异,为失业理论进行新的综合分析提供了基础与前提.     

The new institutional economics and its relevance to social economics

There has been a quiet revolution in economic theory, led by the New Institutionalists. Pioneered by Douglass C. North, this group argues that institutions are the main determinants of economic performance, yet neoclassical economics has no role for institutions. Contrary to many misconceptions, this theory of institutions can be integrated with neoclassical economics, leaving mainstream economic theory in tact, but broader and more relevant. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, the main arguments of the New Institutionalists are summarized. Second, the bridge between institutions and social economics is explored. The article concludes by arguing that the New Institutional approach is fruitful, and that the theory will gradually be integrated with neoclassical economics, until the two merge into a single body of theory.     

Humanistic economics: The new Challenge: A review essay

This paper discusses the role of social, institutional, and psychological factors in the consumption and borrowing behavior of low-income households, and makes arguments in favor of policy interventions to alleviate some of the challenges of these households. Focus group evidence and findings on the current behaviors and borrowing patterns of low-income families are provided to support and motivate this perspective on consumption and policy. While the data are drawn from a specific region, the observations and findings could be generalized to other communities after accounting for different cultural and social characteristics. This research provides an in-depth understanding of the challenges confronted by low-income individuals at achieving their economic desires for lives of basic dignity, explores both economic and non-economic motivations, and provides insights useful for policy deliberation and model development.