完善农业保险政策体系助力农业现代化建设

在农业现代化进程中,农业保险是现代农业风险管理的基本手段.我国政府高度重视农业保险的发展,自2004年以来,连续13年的中央一号文件都对政策性农业保险作出重要战略部署,各地政策性农业保险试点工作也纷纷展开,并取得了显著成效.随着保险品种不断增加,保险覆盖面和参保农户数显著提高,保险服务水平和服务能力不断增强,农业保险在国民经济社会全局中的地位和作用日益凸显.当前我国农业保险在面临良好发展机遇的同时,也存在诸多制约因素.应借鉴发达国家农业保险发展的经验,进一步完善法制建设,积极推行农业保险PPP模式,逐步改善农业保险补贴政策,加速建立巨灾风险机制,鼓励创新发展,加强对农业保险的监管,促进我国农业保险健康快速发展.     

农业保险需求与效应分析——基于山东省农户的问卷调查

通过对山东省800农户农业保险的问卷调查并采用筛选法发现,养殖规模越大、农业收入占比越高和单位损失越大的农户参与保险的积极性越高,说明农户的经济能力直接影响农业保险的需求,而目前的高费率、保险意识淡薄是农业保险难以大规模开展的原因;购买保险后增加要素投入的意愿较为明显.这在一定程度上说明农业保险有助于提高农户种植积极性.进而得出结论,目前需要加大对政策性农业保险的支持力度,促进农业保险快速发展.     

安徽农业保险浅析

安徽是农业大省,自然灾害频仍制约着安徽农业的发展,而农业保险这种财产保险,有效的补偿了农业灾害造成的损失,稳定了农业的生产,保护了农民的积极性.安徽省急需建立一套适合农业保险特色和安徽省省情的农业保险发展模式.从安徽农业保险的现状出发,对其进行合理定位,指出问题之所在;并分析国内部分省市正在试点实施的发展农业保险的五种模式,力图在此基础上,寻求出最利于安徽农业发展的农业保险模式.     

西方农业保险模式对吉林省农业保险的启示

我国是农业受自然灾害影响最大的国家之一,吉林省作为农业大省,由于长期以来采取分散经营的模式,农业生产单位抵御灾害的能力极低。作为西方典型的农业强国,美国、日本、法国以及印度在发展农业保险方面形成了诸多成功做法,值得我国学习借鉴,更值得吉林省学习。     

西方农业保险模式对吉林省农业保险的启示

我国是农业受自然灾害影响最大的国家之一,吉林省作为农业大省,由于长期以来采取分散经营的模式,农业生产单位抵御灾害的能力极低。作为西方典型的农业强国,美国、日本、法国以及印度在发展农业保险方面形成了诸多成功做法,值得我国学习借鉴,更值得吉林省学习。     

相互制保险在我国农业保险中的适用性分析

相互制保险公司是保险企业的主流组织形式之一,在国际保险市场上占有重要地位.分析了相互制保险的独特优势,并结合我国农业保险发展的实际情况,对相互制保险在我国农业保险发展中的适用性进行了深入的探讨.     

从供需分析看新疆农业保险发展

政府对农业保险保费补贴政策的开展,有力地推动了农险事业健康快速的发展,提高了农业保险的保障水平。但是,从新疆农业保险供需双方的实际来看,新疆农业保险存在着“双冷”的局面。本文从新疆农业保险供需出发,提出增强新疆农业保险市场供给能力、释放市场需求总量的有效措施,以促进农业保险的健康发展。     

论新兴科技在农业保险中的应用策略

农业保险有着十分明显的社会效益,发展农业保险的重要性已得到了各界的认同.然而,现阶段的农业保险面临着诸多压力,在农业保险中加大新兴科技的投入以及给予相关的政策扶持是缓解农业保险所面临的根本性问题的关键.在评价科技应用在农业保险中的经济学意义的同时,分析了新兴科技在农业保险中的应用领域,并进一步提出农业保险中科技的应用策略.     

我国发展农业保险面临七个选择

农业保险作为农业风险管理手段及农业保护工具,日益受到各国政府的重视.2003年,保监会提出五种模式发展农业保险,中央一号文件连续四年关注政策性农业保险,在此背景下,很多地方相继成立了各种形式的农业保险组织,进行农业保险试点活动,理论界对农业保险发展问题也开始高度关注.我国发展农业保险,无论采取何种模式,在具体经营过程中,都离不开对以下七个问题的慎重选择.     

我国建立农业再保险体系的必要性和可行性分析

由于农业的特殊性及自身的弱质性,使其无法实现正常的农业风险规避.我国农业自然灾害发生频繁且危害程度大、波及范围广,但是,我国农业保险发展却较为缓慢,相关体系尚未完善,市场覆盖面很小.农业再保险不仅是对农业保险的一种支持,更是农业保险走向良性循环的制度安排.本文从农业保险的现状出发,分析了我国建立农业再保险体系的必要性,并在此基础上进行了可行性分析.     

Meeting the Social Policy Challenges Facing Korea

Korea faces the fastest population aging among Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries and increasing levels of income inequality and relative poverty. While economic growth will help address these challenges, growth alone is not sufficient, making it necessary to introduce policies to promote social cohesion. First, the National Pension Scheme and the National Health Insurance need to be improved. Second, Korea should develop well‐targeted social programs and expand the earned income tax credit. Third, it is important to reduce labor market dualism, a major cause of inequality due to the large wage gap between regular and non‐regular workers. Fourth, education reform is needed to lower the financial burden of tertiary education, reduce the heavy reliance on hagwon and increase spending on preprimary education. At the same time, it is essential to maintain a sound fiscal position by increasing tax revenues, primarily through indirect taxes and environmental taxes, to cover rising social spending.     

台湾地区全民健保制度实施绩效论析

全民健保制度是台湾地区第一个涵盖岛内全体民众的社会保险制度。自实施以来,全民健保已经取得较好的绩效,表现在岛内民众就医公平性和可及性大大提高、民众满意度较高、医疗保健总支出成长趋于稳定。全民健保制度不仅使岛内民众得到实惠,而且其成功的经验引起了国际健康保险界的关注。     

Taxation and national insurance contributions in Britain

It has often been suggested that National Insurance contributions and income taxation should be integrated in Britain, although the implications for the appropriate tax rates have not usually been examined in any detail. The complexity of the British National Insurance system means that the implications are not immediately clear. This paper examines the changes in tax rates which would be required to maintain total revenue at a constant level, and the tax rates required to support a minimum level of post-transfer income.     

农业保险理论研究述评及展望

农业保险问题一直是保险学和农业经济学领域关注的热点问题,国内外学者对此做了大量研究。国外文献研究了农业保险市场失灵、政府介入农业保险市场的原因和农业保险需求,国内文献主要研究了农业保险的政策属性、财政补贴、农业保险需求和供给。这表明农业保险研究仍局限于新古典经济学的研究范式,把农业保险组织视为黑箱。本文在梳理国内外文献的基础上提出了一个新的研究视角——组织视角,并构建了农业保险组织研究的理论框架。     

Local funds and political competition: Evidence from the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in India

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) in India is one of the largest public employment programs in the developing world. It was introduced by the central government led by Indian National Congress (INC). While it's implementation is, in principle, based on demand for work from households, we investigate how political competition affects intra district allocation of funds under the scheme. Using longitudinal data on funds allocated to blocks and elections held for block councils, we find that greater amount of funds were allocated to blocks where INC had lower seat share. Further, we address the issue of endogeneity by focusing on a subsample of blocks where the aggregate vote share of INC was close to that of it's rivals. Our results suggest that 1.5 percentage point more funds were approved for blocks that had 1 percentage point lower seat share for INC. We also provide a mechanism for the effect by showing that the results are only true when the MP of the district, a member of the body that approves the block fund allocation, is from INC.     

Local Leadership and Public Good: Evidence from The National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme in India

Journal of Quantitative Economics - The National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme is unique in combining self-selection of beneficiaries through demand for work and decentralization of...     

Deposit guarantee reform in Europe: does European deposit insurance scheme increase banking stability?

The financial crisis led to reforms of regulation and supervision in Europe, including Deposit Guarantee Schemes. The new rules for DGSs define their position and interaction within the safety net. DGSs form part of a system to maintain and enhance financial stability. According to the Five Presidents’ Report a European Deposit Insurance Scheme should be the third pillar of the Banking Union. The paper gives a contribution to the on-going debate providing an assessment of the DGSs reform and its evolution towards EDIS. It explains key elements of the new rules for DGSs putting them in a systemic perspective.     

How to Make the Japanese Public Pension System Reliable and Workable

This paper has two objectives. The first is to identify current problems in Japan's pension administration. The chief problem is a weak governance structure. In particular, the current governance structure ignores the role of pension participants. A rigorous division and clear assignment of responsibilities to each of the pension participants, the Social Insurance Agency, and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare is urgently needed. Given rapid demographic change, the second objective is to consider the case for full tax financing of the National Basic Pension. It is estimated that the net burden would vary across different cohorts, but we demonstrate that the net burden can be smoothed across different cohorts. This result is quite different from that in the 2008 Interim Report of the Japanese National Council on Social Security.     

Option Values, Switches, and Wages: An Analysis of the Employment Guarantee Scheme in India

Consistent with real option theory, the authors argue that the value of the Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS) in rural India and its impact on workers' behavior does not depend so much on its income supplementation as on enlargement of opportunities in the uncertain local labor market. The choice between the EGS and other activities is modeled in a dynamic optimization framework, taking into account a fixed wage rate and certainty of employment under the EGS and a stochastic wage rate under other activities. Specifically, volatility of wages in the rural labor markets has important implications for switches into the EGS and for concomitant welfare effects. Under such conditions, the higher the EGS wage, the greater is its attractiveness to relatively skilled and affluent workers, and for those already in it to continue. These and related predictions of the model are validated by panel data estimation.     

环境污染赔偿责任保险制度可行性基础研究

作为环境污染责任保险之一的环境污染赔偿责任保险在美国、德国等西方发达国家以及巴西、印度等发达国家已趋于完善,并对环境的保护和纠纷的解决发挥了重要作用。然而,由于种种原因,该制度目前在我国只处于政策层面,尚没有上升为法律,在政策的指导之下,地方各自为战开展环境污染责任保险制度,虽然取得了一些成绩,但也存在诸多问题,迫切需要国家立法机关对制度制定统一的法律、法规,因此对其理论基础、实践基础等方面展开深入研究,对于环境污染赔偿责任保险制度的构建具有重要意义。