Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Bassett, K. and Short, J. 1980: Housing and residential structure: alternative approaches. Boddy, M. 1980: The building societies. Carney, J., Hudson, R. and Lewis, J. , editors, 1980: Regions in crisis: new perspectives in European regional theory. Craig, G., Mayo, M. and Sharman, N. , editors, 1979: Jobs and community action. Loney, M. and Allen, M. , editors, 1979: The crisis of the inner city. Dagnaud, M. 1978: Le mythe de la qualité de la vie et la politique urbaine en France.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Aganbegyan, A. G. editor, 1981: Regional studies for planning and projecting: the Siberian experience. Barrett, S. and Fudge, C. editors, 1981: Policy and action. Blacksell, M. and Gilg, A. 1981: The countryside: planning and change. Dunn, M., Rawson, M. and Rogers, A. 1981: Rural housing: competition and choice. Shucksmith, M. 1981: No homes for locals. Burgel, G. 1981: Croissance urbain et développement capitaliste. Le ‘miracle’ A thenien. Connolly, W. E. 1981: Appearance and reality in politics. Davidson, R. 1981: Crime and environment. Herbert, D. T. 1982: The geography of urban crime. Harloe, M. editor, 1981: New perspectives in urban change and conflict. Harloe, M. and Lebas, E. editors, 1981: City, class and capital. Herbert, D. J. 1979: Urban development in the third world: policy guidelines. Turner, A. editor, 1980: The cities of the poor. Kuklinski, A. editor, 1981: Polarized development and regional policies: tribute to J. Boudeville. Lobo, S. 1982: A house of my own. Macintyre, S. 1980: Little Moscows. Communism and working-class militancy in interwar Britain. Mingay, G. E. editor, 1981: The Victorian countryside Oakey, R. P. 1981: High technology industry and industrial location: the instruments industry example. Pacione, M. editor, 1981: Urban problems and planning in the developed world. Hardoy, J. E. and Satterthwaite, D. 1981: Shelter need and response — housing, land and settlement policies in seventeen third world nations. Peach, C., Robinson, V. and Smith, S. editors, 1981: Ethnic segregation in cities.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Gutkind, P. C. W. and Wallerstein, I. , editors, 1977: The political economy of contemporary Africa. Mellor, J. R. 1977: Urban sociology in an urbanized society. Ragon, M. 1977: L'architecte, le prince et la démocratie: vers une démocratisation de l'architecture. d'Arvois, A. 1977: L'architecture du Prince. Dialectiques 20 Burlen, K. 1978: L'idéologique des architectes. Lamy, B. et Robirosa, A. 1976: Evolution de la profession d’ architecte. Stretton, H. 1976: Capitalism, socialism and the environment. Walton, J. and Masotti, L. H. , editors, 1976: The city in comparative perspective. Harloe, M. , editor, 1977: Captive cities. Brown, A. A., Licari, J. A., Neuberger, E. , editors, 1974; Urban and social economics in market and planned economies Wieviorka, M. 1977: L'état, le patronat et les consommateurs.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Bleitrach, D. and Chenu, A. 1979: L'usine et la vie: luttes régionales. Jeffrey, N. and Caldwell, M. editors, 1977: Planning and urbanism in China. Progress in Planning, volume 8, part 2. Murphey, R. 1980: The fading of the Maoist vision. London: Methuen. Mingione, E. 1981: Social conflict and the city. Wallerstein, I. 1979: The capitalist world economy. Joyce, P. 1980: Work, society and politics. Pumain, D. and Saint-Julien, T. 1978: Les dimensions du changement urbain. Short, J. 1981: Public expenditure and taxation in the UK regions. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 1980: Special issue on women and the American city, volume 5, number 3. Rothblatt, D.N., Carr, D.J. and Sprague, J. 1979: The suburban environment and women. Stretton, H. 1978: Planning in rich and poor countries. Hall, P. 1966: The world cities. Sutcliffe, A. editor, 1980: The rise of modern urban planning. Townroe, P.M. and Roberts, N.J. 1980: Local-external economies for British manufacturing industry. Watts, H.D. 1980: The large industrial enterprise: some spatial perspectives. Ungerson, C. and Karn, V. editors, 1980: The consumer experience of housing: cross-national perspectives.     

Book review essays

Book reviewed in this article: Regionalism and monopoly capitalism: a new approach to the study of local power : Dulong, R. 1978: Les régions, l'état et la société locale. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Regionalism and monopoly capitalism: a new approach to the study of local power : Logroye, J. Wright, V. editors 1979: Local government in Britain and France: problems and prospects (LGBF). Regionalism and monopoly capitalism: a new approach to the study of local power : Tarrow, S., Katzenstein, P. and Graziano, L. editors 1978: Territorial politics in industrial nations (TPIN). Regionalism and monopoly capitalism: a new approach to the study of local power: Lojkine, J. 1977: Big firms' strategies, urban policies and urban social movements (1975). In Harloe, M., editor, Captive cities.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Bailey, J. 1980: Ideas and intervention: social theory for practice. Camhis, M. 1979: Planning theory and philosophy. Bassand, M. and Fragniere, J. P. 1978: Le pouvoir dans la ville. Dearlove, J. 1979: The reorganization of British local government: old orthodoxies and a political perspective. Hamilton, F. E. I. and Linge, G. J. R. , editors, 1979: Spatial analysis, industry and the industrial environment. Volume 1. Industrial systems. Townroe, P. M. 1979: Industrial movement. Experience in the US and the UK. Harrison, A. J. 1977: Economics and land use planning. Balchin, P. N. and Kieve, J. L. 1977: Urban land economics. Dechervois, M. and Théret, B. 1979: Contribution à l'étude de la rente foncière urbaine. Nelson, J. M. 1979: Access to power. Neutze, M. 1978: Australian urban policy. Saunders, P. 1979: Urban politics: a sociological approach.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Andrusz, G.D. 1984: Housing and urban development in the USSR. Apter, D. and Sawa, N. 1984: Against the state: politics and social protest in Japan. Barrett, P. 1983: The automobile and urban transit: the formation of public policy in Chicago, 1900–1930. Bateman, M. 1985: Office development. Browning, R.P., Marshall, D.R. and Tabb, D.H. 1984: Protest is not enough. The struggle of blacks and hispanics for equality in urban politics. Clark, G. and Dear, M. 1984: State apparatus. Structures and language of legitimacy. Cooke, P. 1983: Theories of planning and spatial development. Delorme, R. and André, C. 1983: L'état et l'économie: un essai d'explication de l'évolution des dépenses publiques en France (1870–1980). Fetter, B. 1983: Colonial rule and regional imbalance in central Africa. Forbes, D.K. 1984: The geography of underdevelopment. Forbes, D.K. and Rimmer, P.J. editors, 1984: Uneven development and the geographical transfer of value. Godbout, J. 1983: La participation contre la démocratie. Hague, C. 1984: The development of planning thought. Harloe, M. 1985: Private rented housing in the United States and Europe. Johnston, R.J. 1984: Residential segregation, the state, and constitutional conflict in American urban areas. Kirby, A., Knox, P. and Pinch, S. editors, 1984: Public service provision and urban development. McDonald, J. and Ward, S.K. editors, 1984: The politics of urban fiscal policy. Rassam, A. and Zghal, A. editors, 1980: Système urbain et development au Maghreb. Redclift, N. and Mingione, E. editors, 1985: Beyond employment: household, gender and subsistence. Seers, D. and Öström, K. editors, 1983: The crises of the European regions. Skinner, R.J. and Rodell, M.J. editors, 1983: People, poverty and shelter. Szelenyi, I. 1983: Urban inequalities under state socialism. Kolosi, T. and Wnuk-Lipinski, E. editors, 1983: Equality and inequality under socialism. Tabb, W.K. and Sawers, L. editors, 1984: Marxism and the metropolis. Taub, R.P., Taylor, D.G. and Dunham, J.D. 1984: Paths of neighborhood change: race and crime in urban America. Van Vliet, W., Huttman, E. and Fava, S.F. editors, 1985: Housing needs and policy approaches: trends in thirteen countries. Boleat, M. 1984: National housing finance systems: a comparative study. Weaver, C. 1984: Regional development and the local community: planning, politics and social context. Wynn, M. editor, 1984: Planning and urban growth in southern Europe.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Boal, F.W. and Douglas, J.N.H. editors, 1982: Integration and division: geographical perspectives on the Northern Ireland problem. Bourne, L.S. 1981: The geography of housing. Bryce, J. editor, 1981: Cities and firms. Leven, C.L. editor, 1978: The mature metropolis. Clark, T. editor, 1981: Urban policy analysis: directions for future research. Levine, C. and Rubin, I. editors, 1980: Fiscal stress and public policy. de Neufville, J.I. editor, 1981: The land use policy debate in the United States. Foster, M.S. 1981: From streetcar to superhighway: American city planners and urban transportation, 1900–40. Gottfried, R.S. 1982: Bury St Edmunds and the urban crisis: 1290–1539. Grant, W. 1982: The political economy of industrial policy. Hartman, C., Keating, D. and LeGates, R. 1982: Displacement: how to fight it. Herbert, D.T. and Johnston, R.J. editors, 1981: Geography and the urban environment: progress in research and applications. Jones, G.W. editor, 1980: New approaches to the study of central-local government relationships. Keller, S. editor, 1981: Building for women. Lebas, E. (with contributions by Enzo Mingione, Vicente Granados and Gregory Andrusz) 1982: Urban and regional sociology in advanced industrial societies: a decade of Marxist and critical perspectives. Linge, G.J.R. and McKay, J. editors, 1981: Structural change in Australia: some spatial and organizational responses. Madge, C. and Willmott, P. 1981: Inner city poverty in Paris and London. Massey, D. and Meegan, R. 1982: The anatomy of job loss. The how, why and where of employment decline. Schwartz, G.G. editor, 1981: Advanced industrialization and the inner cities. Slowe, P.M. 1981: The advance factory in regional development. Stohr, W. B. and Taylor, D. R. F. editors, 1981: Development from above or below? The dialectics of regional planning in developing countries.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Butterworth, D. and Chance, J. C. 1981: Latin American urbanization. Cherki, E. and Mehl, D. 1979: Les nouveaux embarras de Paris. Cross, M. 1981: New firm formation and regional development. Goldsmith, M. 1980: Politics, planning and the city. King, A. D. editor, 1980: Buildings and society: essays on the social development of the built environment. Krampen, M. 1979: Meaning in the urban environment. Mingione, E. 1981: Social conflict and the city. Musil, J. 1980: Urbanization in socialist countries. Pallot, J. and Shaw, J. B. 1981: Planning in the Soviet Union. Paris C. and Blackaby, B. 1979: Not much improvement: urban renewal policy in Birmingham. Pelham, T. G. 1979: State land-use planning and regulation. Windsor, D. 1979: Fiscal zoning in suburban communities. Rosenthal, D. B. editor, 1980: Urban revitalization. (Urban Affairs Annual Reviews, volume 18). White, J. 1980: Rothschild Buildings: life in an East End tenement block 1887–1920.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Arnold, V. L. editor, 1980: Alternatives to confrontation. Ashford, D. E. editor, 1980: National resources and urban policy. Marshall, D. R. editor, 1979: Urban policy making. Black, J. 1981: Urban transport planning. Burkhart, L. C. 1981: Old values in a new town: the politics of race and class in Columbia, Maryland. Johnson, D. and Campbell, R. 1981: Black migration in America: a social demographic history. Cherry, G. C. editor, 1981: Pioneers in British planning. Cornford, A. J. 1979: The market for owned houses in England and Wales since 1945. Kemeny, J. , 1981: The myth of homeownership Dunleavy, P. 1980: Urban political analysis: the politics of collective consumption. Dunleavy, P. 1981: The politics of mass housing in Britain 1945–75. A study of corporate power and professional influence in the welfare state. Gittell, M. Hoffacker, B. Rollins, E. Foster, S. and Hoffacker, M. 1980: Limits to citizen participation: the decline of community organizations. Zald, M. N. and McCarthy, J. D. editor, 1979: The dynamics of social movements: resource mobilization, social control and tactics. Howell, J. M. and Stamm, C. F. 1980: Urban fiscal stress; a comparative analysis of 66 US cities. Rossi, P. H. 1980: Why families move, second edition. Clark, W. A. V. and Moore, E. G. editors, 1980: Residential mobility and public policy. (Urban Affairs Annual Reviews, volume 19). Touraine, A. 1981: The voice and the eye: an analysis of social movements. Swenarton, M. 1981: Homes fit for heroes.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Angel, S., Archer, R.W., Tanphiphat, S. and Wegelin, E.A. editors, 1983: Land for housing the poor. Armstrong, W. and McGee, T.G. 1985: Theatres of accumulation: studies in Asian and Latin American urbanization. Gwynne, R.N. 1985: Industrialisation and urbanisation in Latin America. Breheny, M. and Hooper, A. editors, 1985: Rationality in planning: critical essays on the role of rationality in urban and regional planning. Bulmer, M. 1986: Neighbours: the work of Philip Abrams. Castells, M. editor, 1985: High technology, space and society. Demko, G. editor, 1984: Regional development, problems and policies in eastern and western Europe. Dickens, P., Duncan, S., Goodwin, M. and Gray, F. 1985: Housing, states and localities. Edel, M., Sclar, E.D. and Luria, D. 1984: Shaky places: home ownership and social mobility in Boston's suburbanization. Forrest, R. and Murie, A. 1985: An unreasonable act? Goldsmith, M. editor, 1986: New research in central-local relations. Goldberg, M.A. and Mercer, J. 1986: The myth of the north American city: continentalism challenged. Gordon, G. editor, 1986: Regional cities in the UK 1890–1980. Hamel, P. and Leonard, J-F. 1981: Les organisations populaires, l'etat et la démocratie Lesemann, F. 1984: Services and circuses: community and the welfare state. Hudson, R. and Lewis, J. editors, 1985: Uneven development in southern Europe: studies of accumulation, class, migration and the state. Kern-Simirenko. C.A. editor, 1982: Professionalization of Soviet society: essays written by Alex Simirenko. Krämer, J. and Neef, R. editors, 1985: Krise und konflikte in der großstadt im entwickelten kapitalismus. Logan, W.S. 1985: The gentrification of inner Melbourne: a political geography of inner city housing. Loughlin, M., Gelfand, M.D. and Young, K. editors, 1985: Half a century of municipal decline, 1935–1985. Flynn, N., Leach, S. and Vielba, C. 1985: Abolition or reform? The GLC and the Metropolitan County Councils. Ranson, S., Jones, G. and Walsh, K. editors, 1985: Between centre and locality. Massey, D. and Meegan, R. editors, 1985: Politics and method: contrasting studies in industrial geography. Pacione, M. editor, 1985: Progress in industrial geography. McAuslan, P. 1985: Urban land and shelter for the poor. Murgatroyd, L., Savage, M., Shapiro, D., Urry, J., Walby, S., Warde, A. with Marklawson, J. 1985: Localities, class and gender. Rees, G., Bujra, J., Littlewood, P., Newby, H. and Rees, T.L. editors, 1985: Political action and social identity: class, locality and ideology. Roberts, B., Finnegan, R. and Gallie, D. editors, 1985: New approaches to economic restructuring: unemployment and the social division of labour.     

Sur l'intervention de l'état dans le financement du logement

Magri, S. 1972: Politique du logement et besoins en main d'?uvre. Pinçon, M. 1976: Les HLM. Structure sociale de la population logée, agglomération de Paris. Harvey, D. 1973: Social justice and the city Roberts, J. T. 1976: General improvement areas. Farnborough: National Community Development Project 1975: The poverty of the improvement programme. Lindberg, L. N., Alford, R., Crouch, C. and Offe, C. , editors, 1975: Stress and contradiction in modern capitalism. Perlman, J. E. 1976: The myth of marginality: urban poverty and politics in Rio de Janeiro. Granelle, J-J. 1975: La valeur du sol urbain et la propriété foncière: le marché des terrains à Paris.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Beechey, V. and Perkins, T. 1987: A matter of hours: women, part-time work and the labour market. Darden, J.T., Child Hill, R., Thomas, J. and Thomas, R. 1987: Detroit: race and uneven development. Duncan, S. and Goodwin, M. 1988: The local state and uneven development. Eades, J. editor, 1987: Migrants, workers and the social order. Henderson, J. and Karn, V. 1987: Race, class and housing: inequality and the allocation of public housing in Britain. Hughes, J.W. and Sternlieb, G. 1987: The dynamics of America's housing. Jenkins, R. and Solomos, J. editors, 1987: Racism and equal opportunity policies in the 1980s. Linge, G.J.R. editor, 1988: Peripheralisation and industrial change. Lubeck, P.M. 1987: Islam and urban labour in northern Nigeria: the making of a Muslim working class. Massey, D. 1987: Nicaragua. Matzerath, H. 1985: Urbanisierung in Preußen 1815–1914. Page, E.C and Goldsmith, M.J. editors, 1987: Central and local government relations: a comparative analysis of west European unitary states. Hoffman-Martinot, V. 1987: Finances et pouvoir local: l'expérience allemande. Pradilla, E. 1984: Contribucion a la critica de la teoría urbana: del espacio a la crisis urbana. Pradilla, E. 1987: Capital, estado y vivienda en América Latina. Reade, E. 1987: British town and country planning. Savage, M. 1987: The dynamics of working-class politics: the labour movement in Preston 1880–1940. Teague, P. editor, 1987: Beyond the rhetoric: politics, the economy and social policy in Northern Ireland. Wilson, G. 1987: Money in the family.     

On the political economy of urbanization in the Third World

Cette analyse de l'urbanisation d'aprés-guerre en Afrique Occidentale est proposée comme un jalon pour l'économie politique de l'urbanisation dans le Tiers Monde. L'Afrique Occidentale est une des régions les moins urbanisées du monde qui cependant a récemment connu une urbanisation plus rapide que toute autre. Cette explosion urbaine est associée avec des inégalités sévères à trois niveaux:

• 1 un déséquilibre profond dans les conditions de travail et de vie entre le secteur urbain et le secteur rural
• 2 une forte concentration des ressources dans les capitales
• 3 une énorme disparité économique à l'intérieur des villes entre les masses et une petit élite

Si l'urbanisation en Afrique Occidentale est caractérisée par ces inégalités, il apparait qu'elle entraîne aussi des pertes économiques. Deux approches suggèrent que l'allocation des ressources est loin d'ětre optimale pour la croissance économique. D'une part des ressources sont gaspillées dans le chǒmage et le sous-emploi urbain, dans la croissance des grands centres métropolitains, et dans la construction des ‘quartiers spontanés’. D'autre part la présupposition que la forme prise par l'urbanisation est le résultat d'une allocation optimale des ressources est mise en doute quand les facteurs qui affectent les paramètres économiques ou qui interferent directement avec les décisions d'investissement sont soumis à l'examen, et quand l'attention est dirigée sur le processus politique qui s'avère constamment dominé par les intérěts et les préoccupations d'un petit groupe de dirigeants.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Aldridge, M. 1979: The British new towns: a programme without a policy. Golany, G. editor, 1978: International urban growth policies: New town contributions. Balchin, P. N. 1979: Housing improvement and social inequality. Zeitz, E. 1979: Private urban renewal. Blowers, A. 1980: The limits of power: the politics of planning policy. CSE State Group 1979: Struggles over the state: Cuts and restructuring in contemporary Britain. Crouch, C. editor, 1979: State and economy in contemporary capitalism. Poulantzas, N. 1976: The capitalist state. Keim, K-D. 1979: Milieu in Städten. Ein Konzept zur Analyse älterer Wohnquartiere. Kuklinski, A. , editor, 1977: Social issues in regional policy and regional planning. Lajugie, J., Delfaud, P. and Lacour, C. 1979: Espace régional et aménagement du territoire. Moseley M. J. 1979: Accessibility: the rural challenge. Moseley, M. J., Harman, R. G., Coles, O. B. and Spencer, M. B. 1977: Rural transport and accessibility, 2 volumes. Mullan, B. 1980: Stevenage Ltd: aspects of the planning and politics of Stevenage New Town 1945–1978. Payne, G. K. 1977: Urban housing in the third world. Kilmartin, L. and Thorns, D. C. 1978: Cities unlimited: the sociology of urban development in Australia and New Zealand. Lawless, P. 1979: Urban deprivation and government initiative.     

Dynamics of the Standard of Living in St Petersburg during Five Years of Economic Reform

The monitoring of changing living conditions in St Petersburg was started in 1989. In 1993 the Finance and Economics Committee of the Government of St Petersburg and a team of researchers from the Institute of Sociology at the Russian Academy of Sciences began collaborating in a study of the levels of socio-economic differentiation among the population and the priorities in city budget policies. A telephone survey scheme was designed based on representative samples (1000–2500 respondents) of the adult population (18 years and over) and controlled by city district distribution, sex, age, social status and housing. This scheme was implemented regularly with 2–3 month intervals between surveys. It was also undertaken for the purpose of reviewing the general orientation of social politics, decisions on budget priorities, new urgent needs and goals, and the diagnosis and short-term prognosis of trends and policy moves. Detailed and structured information on the living standards of the St Petersburg population is available from the computerized data-base, reports, and from the city's daily newspaper Nevskoe vremya. The studies have demonstrated that economic differentiation in St Petersburg has grown significantly as a result of current reforms (from a 1 to 4 ratio before 1990 to 1 to 10 by the end of 1996). Analysis of the economic characteristics of the population of St Petersburg has revealed that over the course of the past five years there has been rapid differentiation along new lines. At present, wealth and poverty, rather than shared social and professional attributes, tend to unite or separate people. The level of family and personal income determines consumer behaviour, lifestyle, values, cultural attitudes and even individuals' self-perception. La surveillance des changements des conditions de vie à Saint Pétersbourg a commencé en 1989. En 1993 le Comité de l'Economie et des Finances du Gouvernement de Saint Pétersbourg et une équipe de chercheurs de l'Institut de Sociologie de l'Académie des Sciences de Russie commencèrent une étude collaborative des niveaux de différenciation socio-économique dans la population et des priorités de la politique budgétaire de la ville. Un sondage téléphonique fut proposé, fondé sur une section représentative (1000 à 2500 personnes) de la population adulte (de 18 ans et plus) et contrôllée par la distribution des quartiers de la ville, par sexe, âge, statut social et logement. Ce projet fut mis en exécution régulièrement, avec 2 ou 3 mois d'intervalle entre les sondages. Il fut aussi entrepris dans le but d'examiner l'orientation générale des politiques sociales, des décisions quant aux priorités budgétaires, les nouveaux besoins et buts urgents, et le diagnosis et prognosis à court terme des tendances et changements de politique. L'information détaillée structurée concernant les niveaux de vie de la population de Saint Pétersbourg peut être obtenue dans le compte-rendu de la base des donnés sur l'ordinateur et dans le quotidien de la ville, Nevskoe Vremya. Les recherches ont démontré que le différenciation économique à Saint Pétersbourg a considérablement augmentéà la suite des réformes actuelles (d'une proportion de 1 à 4 avant 1990 à une proportion de 1 à 10 à la fin de 1996). L'analyse des caractéristiques économiques de la population de Saint Péterbourg a révélé qu'il y a eu une rapide différenciation d'un type nouveau au cours des cinq dernières années. A présent ce sont la richesse et la pauvreté, plutôt que les attributs sociaux et professionnels communs, qui ont tendance à unir ou à séparer les gens. Le niveau de revenu personnel et familial détermine le comportment des consommateurs, le style de vie, sens des valeurs, attitudes culturelles et même la perception d'eux-mêmes qu'ont les individus.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Grupo de Estudios Jose Raimundo Rossi 1975: Luchas de clases por el derecho a la ciudad. Herbert, D. T. and Johnston, R. J. , editors, 1978: Geography and the urban environment. Progress in Research and Applications Herbert, D. T. and Johnston, R. J. , editors, 1978: Social areas in cities. Processes, Patterns and Problems (SAC). Herbert, D. T. and Johnston, R. J. , editors, 1979: Geography and the urban environment: Progress in Research and Applications Johnston, R. J. 1979: Political, electoral and spatial systems: an essay in political geography. Jones, C. , editor, 1979: Urban deprivation and the inner city. McKay, D. H. and Cox, A. W. 1979: The politics of urban change Minns, R. and Thornley, J. 1978: State shareholding: the role of local and regional authorities.     

The unity of opposites in urban planning

Cet article examine quelques antinomies existant dans la planification urbaine d'une société socialiste et rattache certaines questions théoriques à la recherche empirique et aux expériences de la pratique sociale en Yugoslavie. La critique des solutions urbanistiques courantes indique un besoin de surmonter une pratique fragmentaire et d'exercer une approche plus dialectique. L'analyse sociologique peut spécifier les conditions possibles pour la mise en ?uvre des valeurs dominantes dans une telle société et les relier aux pratiques quotidiennes de la direction du développement urbain. Les antinomies apparents dans la planification urbaine peuvent etre dévoilées pour être ensuite réinterprétées en tant qu'ensemble dialectique. Par exemple: Le sujet/l'objet de la planification La séparation habituelle entre le rôle actif de l'architecte-urbaniste et du dessinateur (sujet) et le rôle passif du résident (objet) est devenue inacceptable dans le contexte d'une sociéte socialiste avec un systéme d'autogestion. Continuité/discontinuité A la place de la logique prédominante de croissance, il y a à la fois un besoin de continuité et de discontinuité. Visionnarisme/pragmatisme Ni une orientation visionnaire générale et à long terme, ni l'approche pragmatique ne peuvent assurer un changement maximum dans la direction souhaitée. Inertie/correction Plus notre action est aprioriste, plus il faudra de temps pour reconnaître les erreurs passées et les diverses façons de résoudre les problèmes par la suite. Forme/fond L'urbanisme a gardé le vieux cadre du modèle formel et technique des fragments individuels. Dynamique sociale/structure physique La crise de l'environnement urbain représente la phénoménologie des discordes existant entre les dimensions physiques et sociales de la ville. Contrôle/initiative individuelle Un plaus grand contrôle n'est pas forcément incompatible avec la croissance du rôle de l'individu. Stimulation/sanctions négatives La menace des sanctions négatives du pouvoir coercitif de l'état ne peut pas maximiser la mise en ?uvre des objectifs de la planification: l'approche affirmative a été négligée.     

Coming to Terms with London: Middle‐class Communities in a Global City

In this article we contrast the experience of middle‐class life in two areas of South London. We hypothesize that different sections of the middle class will live in different areas. Whilst these differences partly reflect economic capabilities and occupational divisions (such as public versus private employment sector, professionals versus managers), we suggest these divisions are becoming more complex. We develop a threefold model based on the work of Savage et al. (1992) and hypothesize that each group will tend to live in different and distinct areas of the city. In our comparison of two areas in which we have completed fieldwork (Telegraph Hill and Brixton), we are able to show very different accommodations to metropolitan life which provides initial support for our hypothesis. We characterize middle‐class life in Brixton as being essentially unstable, which is largely compensated for by the frisson of living in a cosmopolitan and mixed area. Telegraph Hill is a more stable area, with residents building a long‐term relationship with the area and forming substantial social networks with other residents; it, however, lacks the cultural infrastructure of Brixton. We argue that ‘circuits of education’ are of prime importance for middle‐class families living in London: in comparison to Brixton, our respondents in Telegraph Hill have developed sophisticated educational strategies which have enabled them to come to terms with living in London. Cet article compare la vie des classes moyennes dans deux quartiers du sud de Londres. Par hypothèse, il considère qu'au sein de ces classes, des catégories différentes vivront dans des quartiers différents. Si ces divergences traduisent en partie des capacités financières et des disparités professionnelles (ex.: entre secteur public et secteur privé, professions libérales et cadres), elles se font aussi plus complexes. L'article présente un modèle en trois parties basé sur le travail de Savage et al. (1992), en présumant que chaque groupe aura tendance à vivre dans un quartier spécifique de la ville. En opposant deux zones où le travail sur le terrain est terminé (Telegraph Hill et Brixton), il est possible de montrer des adaptations très variées à la vie métropolitaine, celles‐ci offrant une première contribution à l'hypothèse de l'étude. La vie des classes moyennes à Brixton peut se définir comme étant essentiellement instable, caractéristique largement compensée par le frisson d'une existence dans un quartier hétéroclite et cosmopolite. Telegraph Hill est une zone plus stable, les résidents établissant un lien durable avec le quartier et constituant entre eux de solides réseaux sociaux; il lui manque toutefois l'infrastructure culturelle de Brixton. L'article expose que les ‘circuits éducatifs’ sont primordiaux pour les familles des classes moyennes vivant à Londres: par comparaison à Brixton, les résidents de Telegraph Hill ont mis au point des stratégies d'éducation élaborées qui leur ont permis de s'accommoder de la vie londonienne.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Boyte, H.C. 1980: The backyard revolution. Understanding the new citizen movement. Drakakis-Smith, D. 1981: Urbanization, housing and the development process Obudho, R.A. and El-Shakhs, S. editors, 1979: Development of urban systems in Africa. Grose, R.N. 1979: Squatting and the geography of class conflict: limits to housing autonomy in Jamaica. Warren, B. 1980: Imperialism: pioneer of capitalism. Edwards, J. and Batley, R. 1978: The politics of positive discrimination; an evaluation of the Urban Programme. Evans, A. and Eversley, D. editors, 1980: The inner city, employment and industry. Friedmann, J. and Weaver, C. 1979: Territory and function: the evolution of regional planning. Garnier, J.-P. and Goldschmidt, D. 1978: La comédie urbaine ou la cité sans classes. Garnier, J.-P. and Goldschmidt, D. 1978: Le ‘socialisme’ à visage urbain: essai sur la ‘local-democratie’. Pasteur, D. 1979: The management of squatter upgrading: a case study of organisation, procedures and participation. Rhind, D. and Hudson, R. 1980: Land use.