The Geography of Innovation in China and India

The BRICS countries in general, and China and India in particular, are now widely regarded as the areas of the world likely to challenge the economic leadership of the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). A large part of this challenge will come from rapid technological catch‐up by China and India. Yet, despite a recent rise in interest, there is limited knowledge about how and where innovation takes place in these two leading emerging countries and to what extent the Chinese and Indian territorial systems of innovation differ from those in the EU or the US. In this article we explore the geography of innovation in China and India, concentrating on understanding key territorial‐level innovation trends by country, region and technology field, using the US and the EU as benchmarks. We find significant contrasts between the geography of innovation in China and India and that of the US and the EU. First, the degree of concentration of innovative activities in both countries is extremely high. Levels of agglomeration of innovation in the coastal provinces of China, as well as in Delhi and the South of India, significantly exceed the levels of agglomeration found in the USA and the EU. Secondly, China has witnessed a more rapid increase in the degree of concentration of innovation than India. We posit that the differences in the geography of innovation between, on the one hand, China and India and, on the other hand, between these countries and the developed world are rooted in different institutional settings, different systems of innovation and different national innovation strategies.     

Longitudinal analysis of self-employment follow-through

The Hungarian economy was based on central planning for several decades and in comparison with the dominance of the great organizations that consisted of many smaller units, the role of small-sized enterprises was marginal. The change in the political climate involved recognition of and belief in entrepreneurship and the new legal system increased the opportunity for setting up new enterprises established on private and joint capital. Nevertheless, the changes in the organizational system of companies within the national economy appear to concentrate in time and territory in Northern Hungary. Increasing unemployment inspires the start of numerous enterprises even when the experience of entrepreneurship is missing and, in addition, the inclination towards it. This may result in difficulties and danger and a study of North Hungarian small businesses is therefore useful.

The aim of this research is to examine the position of SMEs in the North Hungarian industrial area, concentrating on questions that can not be answered by means of traditional statistics. Data were collected by surveying questionnaires. The questions referred to the development of SMEs in North Hungary.

Finally, the elements in the economic environment that may hinder or help successful operation of the enterprises were analysed. With the experience gained by our investigation we would like to help in the reinforcement of SMEs working in Northern Hungary.     

湖南省雷暴地闪特征初步分析

利用湖南省1980-2010年雷暴日数据、2008-2013年闪电数据,分析了湖南省雷暴和闪电变化特征。结果表明:湖南省属于雷暴多发区,年平均雷暴日数分布呈南高北低的趋势,沿雪峰山有个相对高值区,平均雷暴日数在30d到70d之间。湖南省6年的年平均闪电条数35万余条,雷电高发时段为4-9月,其中7月是全年闪电活动最密集的月份。春季(3-5月)闪电逐时分布呈现双峰型,高峰值出现在02时、17时,夏季(6-8月)闪电多集中在下午15-17时,秋季(9月)高峰期集中在15-16时。湖南省闪电密度分布和闪电强度分布,高值区均在娄底、郴州,全省闪电主要强度分布在20-80kA。     

Labor force migration, non-labor force migration, and non-employment reasons for migration

This paper documents the extent and nature of non-employment factors in migration. The labor force status of over 18 million recent interstate migrants in the United States and stated reasons for moving reported in several surveys in the U.S. are examined. Labor force migrants are heterogeneous in terms of the relationships between acquisition of employment and the migration decision, and in terms of the influence of decision makers outside of the migrant household including firms and the government. Numerically important categories of migrants not traditionally captured in migration models exist, including the elderly, the military, and movers from abroad. Whereas non-employment reasons are secondary to employment reasons for a majority of labor force migrants, non-employment factors are singularly important or operate in combination with employment factors for the majority of all migrants. The heterogeneity of migrant types and migration reasons needs to be better captured in migration models.     

Corroborating social media echelon in cancer research

Worldwide medical facilities differ, and for this reason, the causes of death can vary. Cancer is considered the second leading cause of death after heart disease worldwide, and the same causes of death are observed in the United States (US). Therefore, the purposes of this study are to explore worldwide research levels in the field of cancer and the social collaboration of researchers and institutions in this field. This article examines the structural patterns of international co-authors and co-institutions in science citation index papers in cancer research. The study uses measures from the social network analysis method, including degree centrality, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality, and effectiveness, to investigate the effects of social networks in the area of cancer research. Empirical analysis results identify the US is the most central country, followed by Germany, Italy, France, and China, in terms of co-authored networks in this research field. Institutional analysis results indicate that the University of Milan is at the top in terms of degree centrality. The Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus in France and German University of Düsseldorf occupy the second and fourth positions, respectively. The University of California in Los Angeles and Harvard University, both in the US, are at third and fifth positions, respectively.     

物联网技术在军事物流中的应用研究

在世界新军事革命的时代背景下,把物联网理念与技术应用于军事物流,有利于提升我军后勤保障能力,也必将是未来军事物流的发展趋势。作者简要介绍了物联网技术在军事物流体系中的应用,并对目前应用中存在的问题进行了总结,最后提出了解决的措施与方法。     

城市灾害风险与中国城市减灾战略

社会管理和公共服务是现代城市的两大基本职能.保障城市公共安全,实施防灾减灾是城市履行管理与服务职能的重要内容.首先,综述国际城市防灾减灾的合作和研究的主要进展;其次,基于城市生态经济系统特征,探讨城市灾害系统的结构功能和形成机制,分析中国城市灾害风险的特征;再次,提出中国城市防灾减灾体系的建设战略,包括:确立城市安全发...     

A Conversation with James O. Ramsay

Jim Ramsay was born on September 5, 1942, in Prince George, British Columbia. He pursued undergraduate studies at the University of Alberta, where he completed a BEd in 1964 with a major in English and a minor in mathematics. He then specialized in statistics and psychometry, earning a PhD in psychology from Princeton University in 1966. After holding a temporary lectureship in the Department of Psychology at University College London for one year, he joined the Department of Psychology at McGill University, where he rose through the academic ranks. He was chair of his department from 1986 to 1989 and spent sabbatical leaves in Cambridge, Grenoble, and Toulouse. He was named professor emeritus upon his retirement in 2007. Jim is the author of four influential books and over 100 peer‐reviewed articles in statistical and psychometric journals. He developed much of the statistical theory behind multidimensional scaling and is widely recognized as the founder of functional data analysis. Three of his papers were read to the Royal Statistical Society, and another won The Canadian Journal of Statistics 2000 Best Paper Award. The Statistical Society of Canada (SSC) awarded him a Gold Medal for research in 1998 and an honorary membership in 2012. Jim was president of the Psychometric Society in 1981–82 and president of the SSC in 2002–03. The following conversation took place at Jim's home in Ottawa, Ontario, on March 14 and April 4, 2012.     

Technical efficiency and region The U.S. manufacturing sector 1972–1977

In this paper we estimate the extent of technological bias in an interregional context for U.S. manufacturing during the period 1972–1977 using a factor augmenting production function approach. We present estimates of the elasticity of factor substitution for each of the 48 states in the sample using a variable elasticity of substitution production function. Next, we use these estimates to generate estimates of the rates of change in the efficiencies of capital and labor inputs and compare these estimates across states and census regions. We also examine and compare estimates of total factor productivity across states and regions. We ,find that the average annual rates of growth of capital efficiency during the period are 5.5 percent in the Northeast, 5.3 percent in the Northcentral, 5.6 percent in the West and 3.1 percent in the South. The rates of change of the efficiencies of labor are found to be negative across all regions except the South. The rates of change of total factor productivity are found to be 1.7 percent in the Northeast, 2.3 percent in the Northcentral, 2.4 percent in the West and 1.7 percent in the South. We also find that between 33 percent and 56 percent of the growth of output across regions is due to technical progress.     

创新企业思想政治工作初探

文章运用系统论的要素原理和分析方法,阐述思想政治工作在企业发展中的作用和地位,分析当今企业思想政治工作中存在着功能失位、主体要素不能满足需要、系统环境交往失衡等问题,提出应强化思想政治工作在企业中的地位和作用,创新工作机制和工作方法,提升思想政治工作主体素质,提高思想政治工作水平,以更好地促进企业发展。     

我国现存城郊水环境管理改革探讨

随着我国社会经济的快速发展,城市对水的需求量增加,随之而来的水污染、浪费等问题的程度也在进一步加重,进而城郊地区也就面临着更严峻的水资源和水污染形势。针对这种现状,许多不同层面的学者对此进行了广泛研究。本文通过对城郊地区的水环境现状进行概括和探讨,讨论出现行管理体制和法律制度所存在的直接原因,提出了城郊地区水环境管理的改革方法。城郊地区是城市发展的最具有前景的区域,当下城郊地区水环境的现状十分不容乐观,所面临的水资源和水环境的问题更为普遍和严峻,城郊地区水环境所面临的复杂形势对加强城郊地区水环境管理、现行条列的改革提出了亟待解决的问题。     

Environmental selection and retail change

In Finland and the other Nordic countries the debate on structural change in retail trade has been mainly concentrated at the macro-level. Reasons for the changes have been sought in the economic, technological and social structures, and in changes in these structures. Committees and others connected with community planning have played a central role in the debate. Considering the extent of the debate, there has been relatively little real research, and the various studies have generally been based on a limited number of variables.In view of the social importance of retail trade, it might seem surprising that researchers have shown so little interest in the structural changes in retail trade and in the results of such changes. The explanation probably lies in the lack of theory, and maybe also in problems connected with the availability of material.Research now needs to focus more on individual stores. This article presents a study intended to re-focus the debate on structural change in retail trade by studying the reasons for the closure or survival of operations in the rural store. The results emphasize external factors: the environment selects those stores that are best suited to its purposes.     

School Kids and Oil Rigs: Two More Pieces of the Post‐Katrina Puzzle in New Orleans

Shortly after Hurricane Katrina's landfall in August 2005 and the reports of rampant looting of businesses in the city, we became curious about the extent of Katrina looting as compared to that after other major storms that hit New Orleans in 1947 and in 1965. Using burglary as a proxy variable for looting, we discovered that the burglary rates in the month before and the month after Katrina were significantly higher than those before and after the other two hurricanes. We then investigated the socioeconomic conditions in the city in an effort to explain these numbers. Population loss and high unemployment rates, coupled with a decline in high‐paying manufacturing jobs and an increase in low‐wage food and hotel service jobs generated severe economic inequality in the city that exacerbated the situation created by Katrina. Our current analysis of the impact of public school desegregation and the oil bust suggests that both events contributed to population loss and the increase in low‐wage jobs prior to the storm. We believe that this type of research can assist in the recovery of New Orleans by providing an understanding of the city's pre‐Katrina social and economic conditions and make clearer which post‐Katrina changes are desirable.     

Measuring a boom and bust: The Sydney housing market 2001–2006

The Sydney housing market peaked in 2003. The period 2001–2006 is, therefore, of particular interest since it captures a boom and bust in the housing market. We compute hedonic, repeat-sales and median price indexes for five regions in Sydney over this period. While the three approaches are in broad agreement regarding the timing of the turning point in the housing market, some important differences also emerge. In particular, we find evidence of sample selection bias in our hedonic and repeat-sales data sets (with the former focusing more on better quality dwellings and the latter more on lower quality dwellings). These sample selection biases could in turn cause bias (in opposite directions) in our hedonic and repeat-sales indexes. Median indexes may likewise be biased as a result of an apparent decline in the average quality of dwellings sold in the latter part of the sample. We also find evidence of convergence in prices across regions during the boom and divergence in the subsequent bust.     

武汉市民营中小企业融资供求状况的调查分析

武汉市民营中小企业在数量上占绝对优势,经济上占主导地位,是武汉市经济增长和提供就业的主力军。融资困境一直是制约武汉市民营中小企业发展的桎梏,本文分析了武汉市民营中小企业的发展特点,通过对武汉市民营中小企业融资需求与供给状况的问卷调查分析,提出优化武汉市民营中小企业融资环境的对策建议。     

关于完善高校内部控制制度的策略探讨

内部控制是高校财务管理工作的核心,健全的内部控制制度是规范高校财务经济活动的重要依据准则。随着我国高校体制改革的不断深入及新会计制度的实施,高校内部控制制度建设暴露出诸多问题。论文立足于多年工作实践,以完善高校内部控制制度的重要性作为切入点,论述当前高校内部控制制度建设存在的问题,提出完善高校内部控制制度的具体策略,以期构建与新时代高校财务管理工作相适应的内控体系,防范财务风险。     

关于高校人才培养模式改革的理性思考

随着我国国民经济的不断发展和社会生活水平的不断提高,国家建设对于高素质人才的需求越来越大。高校的人才培养模式也应该顺应时代的发展,不断进行改革和完善。高校人才培养模式的改革需要打破现有教育模式的局限性,结合市场需求来实现。鉴于我国的经济体制发展模式有其特点,现阶段,我国的高校人才培养模式存在许多问题,在专业设置、教育费用和课程实践等诸方面都需要进一步改革完善。论文将理性地探讨我国高校人才培养模式存在的问题,现阶段的改革成果和未来的改革方向。     

“互联网+”背景下高校基层党建工作现状、面临问题、工作思路的深入思考

我国“互联网+”技术不断发展与广泛应用,其为高校基层党建工作带来了新的发展机遇,互联网的发展使得高校基层党建工作不断拓宽工作思路,在高校基层党建工作的探究和实践当中扮演着重要的角色。“互联网+”技术的使用能够使高校党委建工作以一种崭新的方式来开展,推动高校基层党建工作有效进行。     

昆山市城乡一体化进程中基本医疗卫生服务均等化研究

基本医疗卫生服务均等化是我国卫生体制改革的重要目标,其关键在于实现城乡基本医疗卫生服务的"均等化"。随着新医改政策的深入开展,昆山市基本医疗卫生服务均等化正逐步推进。文章在阐述基本医疗卫生服务均等化的内涵、现状的基础上,分析研究了昆山市城乡一体化进程中推进基本医疗卫生服务均等化的具体做法、存在问题等,为全面实现城乡基本医疗卫生服务均等化提供了理论依据与实践参考。     

工程项目的价值管理问题探讨——价值管理在设计-施工模式中的应用

本文介绍了建筑工程项目中应用价值管理的方法,包括实施的组织、价值体系、工程价值链和研究方法,在设计-施工模式中具体的应用。首先介绍价值管理的理论,然后分析在设计-施工模式中价值管理应用的优势,以及在这种模式中如何应用价值管理。