景学成研究员谈当前经济形势与金融政策取向

最近中国人民银行研究局研究员景学成在由中国人民银行武汉分行、湖北省金融学会、《武汉金融》杂志社主办的《宏观经济形势与金融政策》的专题报告会上作了《当前经济形势金融政策与资本市场》的专题报告,报告认真分析了当前我国宏观经济形势和存在的问题,指出了今后的金融政策取向,对指导当前商业银行业务经营,及时调整经营策略,规避信贷风险,意义重大。为及时传导中国人民银行的重大金融政策,本刊就当前我国宏观经济形势和今后金融政策取向等问题,对景学成研究员的报告进行了登。     

中国的经济金融形势和金融体制改革

中国的经济金融形势和金融体制改革中国人民银行副行长陈耀先一、中国的经济金融形势十年来，中国的宏观经济形势一直保持良好发展势头，年均ＧＤＰ增长达９．９％。特别是１９９３年下半年以来，由于中国实行了适度从紧的宏观经济政策，并注重适时微调，使国民经济逐步走...     

市场化与扩大内需：对当前宏观经济政策的思考

扩大内需的宏观经济政策对我国维持GDP稳定增长取得明显效果，但边际作用出现递减趋，在经济生活中深层次矛盾仍未解决。其原因主要是扩张性宏观经济政策仍未摆脱计划经济增长模式影响，体制转型期矛盾与扩张性政策的冲突，政策组合中的非对称作用等。本强调宏观经济政策是一种外生变量，扩大内需应与调整经济结构与扶持优化供结结合起来，并指出宏观经济政策不宜过份依赖和长期化，放松政策管制，恢复市场生机才是根本出路。     

2003年宏观形势分析与今年形势及政策走向预测

本文通过对2003～2004年国内宏观经济金融形势和运行特点进行的分析与预测,提出以下主要观点:2003年宏观经济在保持快速发展势头的同时也积累了许多问题:经济增长与社会发展不协调;投资需求增长与消费需求增长不协调;货币信贷增速过快;部分行业部分地区增长"过热",低水平重复建设抬头;就业压力进一步加大;城乡发展矛盾突出,贫富差距进一步加大等.在此基础上,本文认为,2004年宏观经济金融政策将注重保持连续性和稳定性,并在此基础上进行微调;宏观调控的重点是通过有效的微调遏制局部过热,实现经济社会统筹兼顾和协调发展.     

2013年我国宏观经济政策走向

2013年,全球经济金融形势错综复杂,其对我国的影响日益加剧,我国宏观经济政策走向如何成为人们关注的焦点,本文就十大热点提出自己的见解。     

2003年宏观形势分析与今年形势及政策走向预测

本文通过对2003～2004年国内宏观经济金融形势和运行特点进行的分析与预测，提出以下主要观点：2003年宏观经济在保持快速发展势头的同时也积累了许多问题：经济增长与社会发展不协调；投资需求增长与消费需求增长不协调；货币信贷增速过快；部分行业部分地区增长“过热”，低水平重复建设抬头；就业压力进一步加大；城乡发展矛盾突出，贫富差距进一步加大等。在此基础上，本文认为，2004年宏观经济金融政策将注重保持连续性和稳定性，并在此基础上进行微调；宏观调控的重点是通过有效的微调遏制局部过热，实现经济社会统筹兼顾和协调发展。     

密切关注经济走势 适时适度微调预调

最近一段时期,国内外经济形势有所变化。温家宝总理日前表示,宏观经济政策要＂适时适度进行预调微调＂,更加注重政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性,以适应形势的变化。对于经济形势和政策的最新变动,我们要有正确的解读和认识。国际方面,全球经济的不确定性有所增大,保增长、促就业和避免金融动荡渐成共识。近期,多国主权信用评级和银行评级遭到下调,希腊就是否要对欧盟新的援助方案举行公投举棋不定,     

中国经济的下一步

基于以上分析,国内政策的当务之急是防止通缩的进一步蔓延,继续放松货币政策尤为必要。讨论中国下一步的宏观经济政策,必须对中国目前宏观经济形势有一个正确的判断。关于宏观经济,标准的分析框架是考虑四个方面,即经济增长、物价稳定、充分就业和国际收支平衡。现在中国的GDP增长还在7.5%之上,宏观管理部门认为这是一个可以接受的经济增长速度。而充分就业的宏观经济目标,则一直是宏观经济     

2010年中国经济形势展望及政策建议

本文结合国内外经济形势,在对2010年我国宏观经济增长趋势作出展望并对经济发展面临主要问题加以分析的基础上,提出相关政策建议。     

稳定政策 适度调整

“稳定政策、适度调整”,是今年中央经济工作会议提出的明年经济工作需要遵循的主要原则之一。稳定政策,就是保持宏观经济政策的连续性和稳定性,坚持扩大内需的方针,继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策;适度调整,就是根据经济形势的发展变化,适时适度调整宏观经济政策的力度和重点。贯彻落实好这一原则,对于做好明年的经济、金融工作具有十分重要的意义。 做好明年的金融工作,必须坚持“稳定政策、适度调整”这一重要原则。要继续实施稳健的货币政策,充分发挥金融促进经济增长和调整经济结构的作用。同时,要密切关注宏观经济形势的变化,     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.